Khanate - a irin na gwamnati. A shugaban irin wannan tarbiyya ya kamata Hagan, ko a daya daga cikin fassarori da wannan suna, "da khan na khans." Kalmar da aka farko da aka ambata dangane da tsoho Mongolian kabilar Xianbi makiyaya.
Asali daga China
A III karni BC daga zamanin d alliance kira "Dungu", kafa a game da 1100 BC, shi ance daya daga cikin kabilu. New jam'iyya ga karnuka uku da aka kira a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban, da kuma a 330 zo rouran khaganate. Wannan jiha, kafa kabilar Xianbi, dade har 555 shekara. A 402, mai mulkin kabilan Zsuzsanna farko na dukkan fara kira kansa Kagan, ta haka ne samar da wani sabon suna da m m. A cewar daya daga version na tarihi, sunan kabilar da aka batun shi ne a raina sunan barkwanci da aka ba su ta hanyar da Sin. Zsuzsanna - sannu a hankali rarrafe ko masu rarrafe. Shi ne ba abin mamaki bane cewa wadannan mutane sun so zama m. A wannan yanayin, Khanate - wani ƙawance na kabilu Zsuzsanna, wanda shi ma ya kasance wani tarayya.
m jihar
Kuma a farkon na VI karni daga wannan ilimi, bi da bi, rabu kabilar, so ya zama m. Sun kuma kafa Avar Khanate, wanda ya wanzu for 823 zuwa 562 shekaru. A ƙasa na ba-rana Slovakia da kuma Croatia, Romania da kuma Hungary, Serbia da kuma Ukraine amounted zuwa wani yanki na jihar tushen Hagan Bojan I. Amma duk da haka a cikin 555 da Avars aka sani da Turks tsananta nomadic mutane tilasta su bar matakan yammacin Kazakhstan da kuma matsa zuwa wani m banki na Volga. Kuma a cikin shekaru 565-566, taso keya arewa Carpathians, suka captivate Sarkin Franks Sigebert I, fatattakar sojojinsa. Sahaban da aka haka gigice da wannan al'amari, cewa Avars dangana da kyauta na sihiri. A lokacin da heyday Avar Khanate miƙa daga Black Sea ga Adriatic da Alps da Elbe. Irin ikon Avars isa godiya ga masu hikima da masu wuya mulki talented shugaban Boyan I, wanda mulkin kasar tun da aka kafa ta a cikin 562 har zuwa rasuwarsa a 602. The wayo da cynical shugaban, ba tare da jinkirin, ya canza masõya, ya hallaka dukan al'ummai don cimma manufofin su, da kuma a sakamakon sanya ko Byzantine sarki Tiberius II biya haraji a gare shi. Khanate - wani m mulkin kama karya, da kuma Hagan - shi ne kome da kowa a cikin na da nomadic matsayi, wanda, ba tare da wani hani nasa ne cikakken dukan iko.
A fall na colossus
A cikin nazarin tarihin zamanin da, akwai ko da yaushe 'yan ra'ayoyi a kan wannan batun. Saboda haka, hatsarori dangana ga kabilun daban-daban: a mongolojazychnym, to Iran-lingual, da Turk. Wakilai daga cikin archaeological makaranta a Hungary, a cikin wanda ƙasa da Avar Khanate, da ya fi girma rabo daga Avars zuwa Europeoids kuma kawai karamin sashen dutsen - ga Mongoloid. Amma wannan 'yan tsiraru na yawan ya taka gagarumar rawar, an katange Avar jihar. Yana iya zaci cewa wakilan da hukuncin Elite bai assimilate tare da nasara da jama'arsu. Tafi da nisan da farko shan kashi na Avars samu a Konstantinoful a 626. Nan da nan daga Khanate zama rabu mutum kabilan - na farko gudu Kutrigurs zamani Bulgarians. A 631, Khan Alcek, nan gaba mai mulkin Great Bulgaria fitarwa daga Kaganate dakarun bayan wani ƙoƙari na gaza kama iko. Next Avars kawai kare da kuma koma baya. Daga tafi ƙasar Dalmatiya Croats kau da su a cikin shekara 640. Dobila Khanate Franco-Avar War, wanda dade na dogon lokaci. A hankali ya tashi duk bautar al'umma. Kuma karshe, da aka zaɓa yankin Pannonia Avars da Franks, gangarawa ta riga baftisma Hagan a 899 shekara kama Hungarians. Avars gaba daya daina wanzuwa. Bace sau daya m jihar, wanda ya rayu game 3.5 ƙarni.
Harkar shugabanci ya fi iko Kaganates
Tambaya taso, abin da yake cikin Khanate, yadda yake aiki, me ya sa vuya, yawanci a banza. Sha'awa, da Hagan - mutumin, wanda yana da baya cikakken iko, zabe ta majalisar. A Khazar Khaganate da Aavrskom mai mulkin ya Halĩfa Tudun ɗõra wa ɗaukar kula, ƙungiya da kuma diplomasiyya ayyuka, kuma Yugur, wanda ya yiwuwa babban firist. Haraji tattara manyan gari - Tarkhans. Kuma daga bãyansu, a cikin matsayi, tribal mashãwarta sun, wanda ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin da kasar. Suka kawar da su da mutãnensu daga Khanate. Watakila wannan ne ya sa, kuma ya bace daga fuskar duniya ne a jihar da cewa ya kabilu.
Wani Turkish jihar
Turgesh dade sosai dogon - daga farkon zuwa tsakiyar Sabunta karni. A farkon karni shugaban Turgeshes Ushlik kifar Sin gwamnan da kuma nema su roƙa Hagan kasar Sin. Ya sanya babban birnin Suyab, wanda shi ne ya fare. All sabon ƙasa Kaganate hada 20 yanki raka'a, kowanne daga wanda aka located a 7 dubu maza. Suna located a cikin yankunan kasar Sin da larduna da kuma miƙa daga Beshbaliq zuwa Uzbekistan. A cikin shekara ta 705 saboda barazana da kama ta da Larabawa na kasar kaganat wani ƙawance tare da kasar Sin, kuma ya raba Larabawa sojojin. Wadannan shugabanni - Corey, Zheng, Great Suluk, a karkashin abin da ya kai Zenith Khanate, ya jagoranci wani cin nasara yaki da Larabawa, da kuma tare da kasar Sin. Amma bayan da an kashe Suluk ikon ya fara zamewa bãya daga hannun mãsu mayẽwa, da suke Kutsha kuma Baga-Tarhan, Bilge da Tengri-Ilmysh - karshe Hagan, wanda mutuwa turgesh daina wanzuwa. Akwai tsabar kudi na jihar tare da Sogdian inscriptions, minted karkashin wadannan shugabanni.
New a shafin na haihuwa
Dan kadan wanzu Eastern Tyurkskiy Kaganat. A babban birnin kasar shi ne birni na Balik-Orda. A tarihin wannan nomadic jihar ya fara a 603, bayan rushewar da Turkic khanate cikin kasashen Turai da kuma Gabas sassa. Domin uku shekarun da suka gabata, da sabuwar kafa Gabas Khanate, wanda yana da na kowa iyakar kasar Sin, ya jagoranci tare da shi quite wani cin nasara yaki, amma a 630, kasar da aka sake mamaye ta Turkic daular. 50 Bayan shekaru tayar Kok-Turks, wanda ke haifar a cikin mayar da Gabas khanate karkashin wani sabon sunan - Kok-Turk. Kuma a sake, da rundunoninsa farmaki da sojojin makwabtaka da kasar Sin - a cikin shekara 686 a gundumar Xinzhou, 694 - kusa Linchzhou. Biyu Qapagan Mochur Hagan, wanda ya yi mulki daga 693 zuwa 716 shekara, nasarar mamaye da kasar Sin a cikin shekara 698 da ya ci na sarki sojojin. Bi shi 6 shugabanni irin wannan nasarar ba a samu. Kuma a karshe, Kulun-bek, Khanate a 745 sojoji, dakarun suka ci Ugiranci Khan wanke-Chura. Kok-Tyurkskiy Kaganat yanki na 4 murabba'in kilomita miliyan kafa a 682, suka daina wanzuwa.
New karfi da ilimi
Karluk Khanate, wanda ya tashi shekaru 11 bayan rushewar da Kok-Turk - kuma Turkic jihar, kuma shi wanzu for 940 zuwa 756 shekaru. A yankin sun shagaltar da su, da sarari hada tsakanin ISSYK-Cool da Balkhash daga matsakaici Syr Daria zuwa Dzhungarskiy Tau. Watau shi ne a cikin kewayon na zamani Kazakhstan. Karluk Khanate tushen girma daga yammacin ɓangare na faxuwa da zarar (a cikin 603) na Turkic jihohi. Duk da yake a wasu lokuta a karkashin karfi da tasiri na kasar Sin, a farkon Sabunta karni Karluk (mazaunan wadannan yankuna) a fara a hankali a hankali hijirarsa zuwa yamma. Game su sani tun V karni. Yana kuma multibreeding al'umma - a cikin abun da ke ciki shiga VII karni, kabilu kamar Bulak, chigil da Tashlyk. A kan hanyar da wadannan kungiyoyin samun karfi nan gaba sabon Kaganate lashe dama manyan nasarori. Saboda haka, da suka taimaka da Larabawa a 751 nasara a Talas, ko Atlahskoy (Talas kwarin Atlah birni), da yaƙi da China (daular Tang). Suka yi yaƙi da Eastern Turkic Khaganate. Amma ikon Karluk, suka san rubucen, bai dade ba. Ta aka ma tunawa da wani Turkic ilimi - Eastern Turkestan, kãmun 940, da babban birnin kasar na Karluk Khanate Balasgun. Duk da haka, wani ɓangare na yawan gudanar ya tsere ketaren kogi Ko, da tsawon a cikin Bakwai Rivers, inda suka halitta wani sabon jihar kira Karluk Khanate. Sai ya zama babban birnin Kaylaka.
A bakin ciki rabo
A cikin tambaya na abin da Khanate, amsar shi ne cewa shi ne zalla Asiatic nau'i na gwamnati. Babu inda a Turai ko Amurka ya taba irin tsarin. A Asia, akwai quite mai yawa - akwai ko da wani Rasha Khanate a Lower Don. Ya ma, suka daina wanzuwa a tsakiyar IX karni. Kamar yadda tarihi ya nuna, quite m nau'i na gwamnati - duk kaganats aka hallaka, kuma da yawa mutane bace ba tare da alama ko narkar da tsakanin wasu kabilu, kamar Khazars, kuma Avars. Amma da muhimmancin Turkic jihohin da wuya a overestimate. Saboda da soja fadada daga cikin Gabas al'ada aka wadãtar da nasarorin da tsoho wayewar da Rum. Kabilu masu yawa daga kasar Sin da kuma samun to Yammacin Turai, a kan hanya assimilated da mai rai da sarari na wadannan mutane.