Prince Yury na Moscow: biography, tarihi, shugabanci da kuma manufofin

Yury na Moscow (1281-1325) shi ne ɗan fari na Prince Daniel na Moscow Alexandrovich da kuma babban jikan Aleksandra Nevskogo. Da farko mulki a Pereslavl, sa'an nan a cikin Moscow, tare da 1303 A zamanin mulkinsa ya kasance akai gwagwarmaya tare da Tver ga daidaituwa na Rasha a karkashin umurnin.

Gwagwarmayar keda daukaka

Duk da yake da lakabi na Grand Prince Vladimir ya ba da mai a kusan Unlimited iko a cikin ƙasa na Rasha arewa-maso-gabashin asashe. Motarsa aka dauke da rinjaye m, kuma yana da hakkin ya jefa a ta hankali, duk da sojoji samuwa a ta vassals, da kuma iya yi hukunci a kansu da kuma tattara haraji daga ƙasar bauta masa. Bugu da kari, akwai wani gata: duk da asarar da girma zamanin mulkin, shi ne cikakken riƙe da nasu kakanninmu asashe.

Khans, bi da bi, da maslahar su a nan. Ba da wani lakabin a kan Vladimir sarauta, sun bukaci da mai nema domin mara sabis da maslahohin da Golden taro. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa m shugabanni na Rasha ƙasashe ba ko da yaushe ta zamanto mai karfi shugabanninmu, a matsayin khans kokarin zama a kan wannan wuri m da kuma biyayya ga sarkinsu. Amma ko da a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin mafi aminci ga taro gajerar hanya zuwa Grand Duke bai zauna dogon. Khans a wannan batun sun mai da manufofin wanda ya ko da yaushe ya kai ga internecine gwagwarmaya da dama wakilan daban-daban rassan da Rurik. A 1304 a cikin wannan adawa da aka shiga da kuma prince Yuriy Danilovich Moskovsky.

Wani sabon mataki na yakin basasa

Babban abokin hamayyarsa na Moscow fara Tver a cikin mutum na Prince Mihaila Yaroslavicha, wanda lissafta dan uwan kawun duk 'yan'uwa Danilovich. Ya sarauta a lokacin da aka dauke mafi iko, da kuma hujja da wannan ne da yawa ci gaba sanya musu a cikin gudana internecine gwagwarmaya. Af, Moscow lokaci, kazalika da sauran Rasha arewa-maso-gabashin asashe, ya ba hanya kusan ko'ina.

Wani sabon zagaye na internecine jayayya ya fara a 1304, bayan mutuwar Grand Prince Andrei Alexandrovich. Idan ɗan'uwansa, Prince Daniel na Moscow, ya mutu kafin ya aikata, wannan wuri, dã sun riƙe da babban dan Yuri. Amma a cikin wannan halin da ake ciki ya same shi da jikan Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, Mikhail Yaroslavich Tverskoy, wanda ya zama na farko na zamanin d shugabanni, samu wani lakabin daga Khan. Don wannan sarkin ya tafi da taro tare da begen samun da take, kuma tare da shi, da kuma Pereslavl.

Magani Khan Uzbek

Saboda wannan dalili bayan Mikhail na Tver da aka bi ta Grand Duke. Amma, ta hanyar, na biyu daga gare su na da damar da kusan ba. Gaskiyar cewa Daniil Moskovsky ba da lakabi a kan babban mulkinsa, don haka da 'ya'yansa maza za su yi da'awar irin wannan babban suna. Ba zato ba tsammani, wannan fili ya bayyana a nan patrimonial dama. Amma, duk da wannan, Mihail Tverskoy wary na gasar daga cikin matasa Duke na Moscow, don haka sai ya aika da maza don su kama shi a Suzdal.

Kamar yadda aka rubuta a cikin littafin tarihin, shi ne a kan gaskiyar cewa a cikin 1305 Mihail Yaroslavich har yanzu samu Khan ta lakabin a kan babban sarautar Vladimir. Saboda haka, da zabi na Golden taro fadi a kan Babbansu na iyali, amma ya taba samu a umarni dangane da Pereslavl. Wannan rashin tabbas ya haddasa wani fashewa da rashin jituwa tsakanin Mikhail na Tver da kuma Moscow Yuri.

Lakabin a kan babban sarautar

A 1315 taro Khan, a mayar da martani ga m gunaguni Mihaila Tverskogo, ya kira Prince of Moscow. Yury na Moscow da aka akwai na kimanin shekaru biyu, kuma a lokacin wannan lokacin ga gaci da dogara da ni'imar Uzbek haka da cewa a cikin 1317 Gwamna yanke shawarar ba shi su auri 'yar'uwarsa Konchak cewa a Orthodox style fara kira Agafia. A bikin aure kyauta ya lakabin ga matasa, wanda ya gabatar da Prince Yuri. Daga wannan lokacin Mihail Yaroslavich rasa lakabinsa na Grand Duke Vladimir.

A wannan shekara na Sarai Berke Yury na Moscow tare da matarsa da kuma Tartar sojojin karkashin umurnin Kavgadaya ya tafi hanyar da baya. Kuna hukunta da abin da ya faru na gaba, sosai m ikon da aka ba wa sababbin sanya sarkin Vladimir. Dole ne in ce cewa Mihailu Tverskomu ba ya so ya raba da iko, amma a lokaci guda yana jin tsoron wani rikitarwa a dangantakar da taro. Saboda haka, bayan takaice dai tattaunawar, tsohon sarkin Vladimir aka tilasta daina take da komawa zuwa kakanninsu asashe.

The yaki tare da Tver

A zamanin mulkin Yuri Danilovich fara da cewa, duk da dukan asasshe na Michael, ya har yanzu tafi zuwa ga Tver yaki. A 1318, ya tattara sojojinsa duka, da kuma tare da goyon bayan da taro Kavgadaya kusata kusan zuwa ƙofofin birni. Yana da aka zaci cewa Tver sha a lokaci daya kai hari daga bangarorin biyu: daga kudu-maso-gabas da shi za a kai hari da Yuri Danilovich, umarci Suzdal da kuma Moscow Ratiu, kuma daga arewa maso yammacin yajin Novgorod. Amma shirin da aka taba za'ayi. Gaskiyar cewa mutane na Novgorod bai zo a lokacin, kuma daga baya duk aka yi sulhu tare da Michael, ya juya, ya sojojin baya. Ganin wannan halin da ake ciki, Kavgaday Suzdal da ya so ya kama up da kuma samun da baya.

Irin wannan ayyukan Yury Danilovich da taro ally ya kai ga cewa sarkin Moscow bar daya a kan daya tare da Tver Ratiu. A cikin tarihin wannan lokaci ya bayyana cewa idan akwai wani "babban kashe". Kamar yadda iya sa ran, Yuri rasa wannan yaƙi, da kuma tare da saurã daga sojojinsa suka gudu, kuma Mihail Yaroslavich kama da yawa warriors, kazalika da matarsa Agafia (Konchak), wanda nan da nan ya mutu a zaman talala. M bayanai a kan Sanadin ta mutuwa a can. Bayan da cewa, bisa ga sharuddan da yarjejeniya, duka biyu sarkin ya je taro.

Kisa na Mihaila Tverskogo

Tun daga farko shi ya bayyana cewa irin wannan arbitrariness Khan Prince bã zai gãfarta. Mihail Yaroslavich kokarin sulhu tare da dogon lokaci-abokan gaba da kuma sake samu da wuri daga cikin taro. Aika su zuwa Moscow, Ambasada Oleksa Markovic a kan umarni na Yuri Danilovich aka kashe, bayan da sarkin tare da Kavgadaem gaggauta zuwa Khan. Da isata, sun zargi Michael na cin amanar kasa, ya rufe shi da haraji da kuma mutuwar Princess Agafya. Khan ta kotu same shi da laifi kuma yanke masa hukumcin kisa. 22 ga watan Nuwamba, 1318 da ya kawo a cikin sakamako.

Ajiye da daftarin aiki - "Tver labarin" da aka rubuta ta hanyar ruhaniya mahaifin Prince Michael. Yana irin mazaunin Alexander kira Moscow Yuri kayan aiki a hannun Khan. Ya bayar da hujjar cewa yarima zahiri amsa a kan kotu a matsayin mai gabatar da kara Mikhail Yaroslavich. Dole ne in ce cewa matattu mutane sun yaushe girmamawa a matsayin gwarzo, sai ya kasance a cikin 1549 na biyu shawarar da Moscow Cathedral aka canonized.

wani sabon adawa

Bayan da kisan sarkin Tver sarautar Yuri Danilovich aka gwada da m for biyu mafi shekara. A 1321, ya bayyana cewa babbar matsaloli ba za a iya kauce masa. Gaskiyar cewa daga biyayyar fara bar 'ya'ya maza na Michael, da babba wanda, Dmitriy Tverskoy, ya fara fito fili ya bayyana abin da suke siffantawa to hakan take. Wannan rikici tsakanin biyu sarakuna suka kai ga cewa Tatars sake tafi yaki tare da Rasha. Bugu da kari, ya wajaba a tattara haraji domin khan. Da wannan, a cikin Rostov tashi ba tawaye, don haka Yuri Danilovich yi amfani da soja da karfi.

Ƙarshe haraji tukuna aka tattara, amma saboda wasu dalilai, yarima shi aka taba wuce a hannun Kavgadaya. Maimakon haka, shi da dukan kayayyakinsu a cikin hunturu 1321 tafi Novgorod zuwa ƙanensa. A tarihin wani bayani ga wannan harka na yarima. Masana tarihi ɗauka cewa wannan da aka yi sane, kuma wani ɓangare na tattara kudi da aka kashe a yaki da Swedes. Domin ta bangare, da taro dauke kaki kyautan mafi girma laifi. Created matsayin nan da nan ya dauki Dmitriy Mihaylovich Tverskoy, lakabi menacing idanu, da kuma a cikin kaka na 1322 da Uzbek ba shi wata lambar, game da shi tauye gwamnatin tsohon in-doka.

Sai sarkin Moskovskiy Yuriy Danilovich sake

A takaice bayyana masa nan gaba rayuwa za ta kasance kamar wannan: karo na farko da ya tilasta musu gudu, kamar yadda da cikakken iko a yanzu yana ta mafi munin qiyayya - 'ya'ya maza na Mihaila Yaroslavicha Tverskogo. A farko yake boye a Pskov, Novgorod sa'an nan, inda ya rayu tare da 1322 for 1324.

Yury na Moscow ta kasashen waje da manufofin wanda a sarari ya nuna duk da cewa bai gane shi ba mulkin Dmitriya Tverskogo, ya rayayye halarci dukkan harkokin kasa da kasa, kuma shi ne har yanzu da prerogative na Grand Duke. Haka kuma, shi wanda ya yi yaƙi da Swedes, da kuma sanya su cikin abin da ake kira Orekhovets yarjejeniyar, wanda ya kafa iyakar tsakanin Sweden da kuma Novgorod. Har ila yau, ta wurin domin a shafin da Neva River daga Lake Ladoga sansanin soja Oreshek aka gina shi, wanda ya zama wani muhimmin tsaron gida abu da kuma fiye da sau daya tsira da Rasha ƙasar daga da barazana da kãmun ta waje invaders a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.

A general, Yuri Danilovich wani kaunar salama kasashen waje da manufofin, kamar yadda ya yi kokarin zama a duniya a matsayin Swedes, da kuma Golden taro. Duk da haka, idan akwai bukatar, ya iya gudanar da kuma nasara soja mataki. Wani misali na wannan zai iya zama a matsayin yakin a kan Ustyug. Ga ya kare bukatun jama'ar Novgorod, suka sha wahala daga m forays ustyuzhan.

Kashewar Yuri Danilovich

Dmitriy Tverskoy, bayan koyan cewa Maris a kan Ustyug Prince tafi zuwa ga taro, ya gaggauta, bayan da shi. Ya tabbata cewa Yuri Danilovich okleveschet shi kamar yadda mahaifina. Duka shugabannin da quite lokaci mai tsawo zauna a cikin taro, jiran hukunci daga cikin Khan. Ba da da ewa suka hadu ne da wa Dmitriya Tverskogo, Alexander. An zaci cewa ya ya kawo bashin Saransk moneylenders domin kai daga gare su sabon rance.

A 1325, wato, 22 ga watan Nuwamba, shi ne daidai shekaru bakwai zuwa ranar da ya rasu a ƙasar da taro Mihail Tverskoy, Dmitry da Alexander ta mahaifinsa. Ga 'yan'uwa, wannan baki kwanan wata da aka ba kawai a rana ta tunawa da makoki, amma ramuwa. Gaskiyar cewa a kan Hauwa'u na da wani taro na biyu irreconcilable makiya - Dmitry menacing idanu da kuma Yuri Danilovich. Ko shi da wani m hatsari da kuma shi ne duk wani zamba, shi ne ba a sani. Kawai Nikon Chronicle ya ce Dmitry Mikhailovich kashe Yuri Danilovich, suna begen ga ni'imar da Sarkin Uzbek da kuma gādo wuraren da albashi marigayin sarkin. A sanannun Rasha tarihi V. N. Tatischev, wanda ya rayu a nuna na XVII da XVIII ƙarni, a cikin rubuce-rubucen sanya zato cewa shi bai kasance kõme ba, baicin fansa ga ubansa Svoge.

hisãbi

Dmitry Mikhailovich, tun sanya wani lynching, fatan cewa Khan zai gafarta masa irin wannan zamba, tun da shi an san cewa a lokacin Prince Yury na Moscow ya dade da fita daga ni'imar da mulkin taro. Duk da haka, kamar gaskiya despot, Uzbeks iya gafarta wa batutuwa da yawa, amma ba arbitrariness. Saboda haka abu na farko da ya gaya aika jikin kashe Prince of Moscow zuwa mahaifarsa, da kuma bayar da umurnin da a kama na kisan kai.

Jumla Khan ya jira domin kusan shekara. A sakamakon haka, Dmitriy Tverskoy, aka yanke masa hukumcin kisa. Ko da wani bakon daidaituwa, ko a whim na Uzbek Khan, kawai Prince hana rai a ranar haihuwarsa - Satumba 15, 1326, sa'ad da yake kawai shekaru 28 da haihuwa. Kamar yadda Chronicle, tare da shi aka kashe da kuma wani Rasha prince - Aleksandra Novosilskogo. Mafi m, sũ, sun kasance kusa abokai da kuma tare shirya da kisan Yuri Danilovich.

Ƙarfafa na Grand Duchy na Moscow

Summing up jirgin, zamu iya cewa Yuri Danilovich, ciki da manufofin da aka gaba ɗaya mayar da hankali a kan karkashin shugabancin tsakiya da kuma halittar wani karfi da iko, bai rasa wani daga cikin ƙasashe samu sau daya a cikin gado daga ubansa. A akasin wannan, ya ma gudanar da su ƙãra musu. Alal misali, a 1303, ya shiga cikin sarauta Mozhaisk, bayan shekaru biyu, Pereslavl, kuma a 1311, da kuma Nizhny Novgorod, inda ya baya mulki ta hanyar ɗan'uwansa, Boris. A 1320 Yuriy Moskovsky tafi su yi yaƙi da Ryazan Prince Ivan Yaroslavich don hašawa zuwa dukiyarsa fiye da Kolomna.