Mahalarta teku Voyages daga Scandinavia. Mazauni ne na Scandinavia - mahalarta na teku Voyages

Scandinavian sashin - sararin yanki a arewa na Turai. An sani a tarihi a matsayin mahaifar Vikings. Amma Scandinavia ya zama wani wuri inda zan je zango da kuma sanannen matafiya da explorers na zamanin.

Ne suka kasance Vikings?

Vikings - ne mahalarta na teku Voyages daga Scandinavia. Mai masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa shi ne Vikings a Rasha da ake kira Vikings, da kuma a yammacin Turai - da Normans. Su ne shahara a tarihi a matsayin intrepid explorers, discoverers na ƙasashe da yawa. A wadannan guda ce kamar yadda m nasara, da kuma yan fashi. A daidai wannan lokaci da Vikings aka samu yan kasuwa.

Sanadin teku Voyages

Marine squads Vikings tafiya ga dalilai da dama. A farko - cikin search for dace ƙasar domin aiki, wanda a arewacin Turai bai isa ba. Cin gaban sabuwar shafukan nan ya ko da yaushe aka hade tare da aiki na tsaftacewa da duwatsu, sāke tsugunnar itatuwa da kuma shrubs. Kuma ba shakka, sun so su sami wani more dace da m ƙasar.

Dalili na biyu - cinikayya. A Vikings kasance na farko da suka yi ciniki da arewa da kuma tare da m al'ummai. Ba don kome ba cewa akwai wata hanya "daga Vikings ga Helenawa."

Kuma da uku dalilin - lashe daraja da ɗaukaka. Yana da aka bayar da muhimmanci a lokacin da hakkokin da zabe shugabanni - sarakuna. Domin ci gaba da iko a hannunsu, suka yi don samun sa'a hakar gwal, ko ta hanyar cinikayya ko teku fashi. Suna bukatar su sami wuri mai kyau ga muhallinsa ta mutane da kuma kare su daga hare-haren da biyu bare da su "abokan aiki".

Viking Age

Tarihi ya ambaci sunayen shahararrun Scandinavian Vikings. Wannan Hastings, kawo tsõro a Faransa da kuma Italiya, rollo - na farko Duke na Normandy, da sauransu.

Warlike Normans bai tsorata ko da take Karla Velikogo. Mahalarta teku Voyages daga Scandinavia bayyana a kai a kai a cikin tekun na Faransa, tun 799 shekara. Karl, wanda ya halicci babban Frankish Empire ya matukar damuwa game da Viking hare-hare. matakan bunkasa Coast aka dauka a kan umarni. A duk teku tashoshin jiragen ruwa da kuma a cikin bãkunansu na navigable koguna da aka sa Cruisers su hana bayyanar da abokan gaba. Gina filin ajiye motoci na soja kotu. Zo a da yawa tashoshin jiragen ruwa da aka katange da sarƙoƙi.

Daga bisani, bayan da yankunan da kamfen na Vikings a Turai, da looting na Rouen da kuma wasu birane, an gano cewa yana da sauki ba up sassa na Vikings a bakin tekun da kuma sanya su kare su daga ƙasar daga teku da hare-hare. Wannan aiki ya tabbatar da cewa mafi tasiri.

A 966, King of Norway Harald Bluetooth tuba zuwa Kristanci. Bãya gare shi da aka yi masa baftisma kuma ya warriors. Cewa Vikings-Kiristoci baya kãma sarauta da iko a Ingila, a kan kursiyin ya tabbatar da Svein Forkbeard. Kuma a cikin 1130 Normann Rozher II ya zauna a kan gadon sarauta na Sicily. Tare da albarkar da Paparoma ya ya iya hada Vikings ikon mallakar, located a kudancin Italiya, da Sicily.

Duke William - zuriyar rollo na Normandy - ci Anglo-Saxon King Harold II a yakin Hastings. Ya zama monarch na Ingila da aka fi sani da William Tanƙwasa.

Wannan shi ne yadda mahalarta teku expeditions daga Scandinavia hankali zauna a ci nasara ƙasar, suka shiga dangantaka da gida nobility, kuma ko da samu sarauta da iko. By karshen 11th karni, warlike Viking yin yawo kusan daina.

Viking binciken

Amma da Viking zamanin da aka alama ta da manyan Gwargwadon binciken. Da farko wannan samu Greenland da kuma tushe na farko mazauna cikinta Eirik Ginger (Eirik Torvaldsonom). Tura da iyalinsa daga Norway, sa'an nan tilasta musu gudu daga Iceland barazanar vendetta, ya tafi zuwa cikin tekun Atlantic yamma. Bayan saukowa a cikin wani bude yanki na wani sabon bincike bakin tsibirin, Erik Red kafa biyu ƙauyuka. Wannan shafin ya ba da sunan "Green Land", daga baya ya zama da aka sani da Grecia dukan tsibirin, duk da kankara murfin.

Natsuwa kafa cinikayya tare da mahaifarsa. Akwai kwashe furs iyakacin duniya beyar, Foxes, dabbar walrus canines, Whale mai, da kuma mataimakin versa - a Greenland bace itace, hatsi, da baƙin ƙarfe nama.

Da 'ya'ya maza Erik - Leif (lakabi da "Happy") da kuma Torvald - ma ya zo daga Scandinavia, mahalarta teku Voyages. Su sunayen dangana aka gano Amirka da biyar ƙarni kafin Columbus.

Lokacin da Leif koma daga Norway zuwa Greenland, ya aka kama a wani hadari. Sosai addabi jirgin kusanta ga tudu, da matuƙan gan tuddai rufe da inabin jeji, daji alkama filin. Shi ne a cikin shekara 999. A ƙasar kira Vinland - kasar na inabi, ya tashe su dumi sauyin yanayi, gandun daji cike da wasan, kuma tati.

Ba mamaki, cewa bayan ya dawo zuwa Greenland, sun yi magana game da ƙasashe gani. Kalma game da sabon arziki ƙasar sha'awar Torfinn Karlsefni, wanda a 1003 aika wani balaguro zuwa Vinland. Sau da yawa ya sanya saukowa wannan Labrador, Newfoundland, bayan daya hunturu da suka isa Vinland. A nan Vikings ya gana da mazauna. Su biyu taron ƙare a wani karo. A 1006 Karlsefni koma zuwa Greenland.

Tun America da aka gano ta Vikings, amma sai hanya zuwa Vinland aka watsi. Turawa dauki rabin karni to Columbus sake bubbuɗe musu da New World.

"Kira ta Vikings"

Ga cewar mafiya yawan masana tarihi, da farkon na Rasha jihar ma sa da Vikings - da Vikings. "Tale of bygone Years" ya gaya cewa ta dakatar da jayayya wakilan Slavic da Finnish kabilan je hawan dutse a Scandinavia, inda ya kira Rurik sarauta.

An yi imani da cewa Rurik zo zuwa Rasha tare da 'yan'uwansa - da kuma Truvor Sineus. Daga baya da ya ci sarauta shi kadai, da farko a Staraya Ladoga, sa'an nan ya kafa Novgorod. Ya tafi daga Rurik daular.

Mahalarta teku Voyages daga Scandinavia a wannan zamanin

Viking ruhu har yanzu na zaune a cikin zukãtan Scandinavians. Kila, saboda haka daga cikin sunayen mai girma matafiya haka da yawa Norwegian kuma Danish.

Jerin za a iya bude tare da sunan Fridtjof Nansen, sanannen iyakacin duniya matafiyi. Shĩ ne Mafi sani ga farko tafiya a ƙasa mararraba na Greenland da balaguro zuwa Arewa iyakacin duniya, wanda ya ci tura.

Roald Amundsen - babban iyakacin duniya Explorer, mutumin wanda ya gano ta Kudu iyakacin duniya, da farko ziyarci at biyu dogayen sanda na duniya (tare da Adolf Oscar Oscar Wisting), ya sanya fiye da daya balaguro zuwa Arctic da Antarctic ruwaye.

Shahararren Thor Heyerdahl - wani cancanci halifan Vikings to gudãna a fadin tekuna a cikin jirãge, kera a kan tsoho wajen kewayawa.

Carsten Borchgrevink, suka yi karatu Antarctica, ya zama shugaban farko hunturu a kan garin kankara nahiyar.

Daga cikin Rasha matuƙan ma suna da zuriyar Vikings. Vitus Bering, iyo matsatsiyar raba Eurasia daga Arewacin Amirka, ya mai da 'yan qasar na Denmark.

Waɗannan su ne kawai wasu daga cikin sunayen explorers - mutane daga Scandinavia, zuriyar shahara matuƙan da kuma nasara.