Gabobin da ma'auni da kuma ji: description, sifa da aiki

ji da kuma ma'auni gabobin suna sifofi wanda sha vibration, sauti taguwar ruwa ake gano, gravitational sakonni daukar kwayar cutar zuwa kwakwalwa. Basic rabe suna located in da ake kira gudu-up da membranous cochlea na kunne. Sauran tsarin, wanda ya samar da ciki da kuma tsakiyar kunne, suna karin. A wannan labarin, za mu duba a cikin daki-daki cikin gabobin da ji da kuma balance, su analyzers.

external kunne

Gabatar ne waje pinna - na roba guringuntsi nama rufe da fata. Lobe kunne cikakken mai tsarin. Saboda mutum kunne ne kusan m, rawar da ya taka ne kasa gagarumin fi ta dabbobi da cewa su ne tushen da sauti godiya ga kiyayye kunnuwa.

A ci gaba da da sashen ji da kuma auna kai ga samuwar a waje auricle mutum halayyar folds da kuma curls da inganta yi garkuwa tsaye da kuma horizontally sarrafa sauti.

A m ɓangare na ji sashin jiki na wani tsawon na domin na 2.5-3.5 mm da diamita na 6 zuwa 8 mm. A cartilaginous nama na waje auditory meatus wuce smoothly cikin kashi. A ciki surface daga cikin matsanancin kunne epithelium ake liyi tare da abun ciki na sebaceous gland. A karshen, ban da mai, samar da earwax, wanda ya hana kura samu na jiki, tarkace, kare da ci gaban da kwayoyin.

eardrum

Yana yana da wani nau'i na bakin ciki membrane kauri ba fiye da 0.1 mm, wanda shi ne a kan iyakar da matsanancin da kuma tsakiyar kunne. Sound tãguwar ruwa suna nuna daga cikin convolutions na kunne, ya wuce ta cikin kunne canal, haddasa vibrations na eardrum. Bi da bi, da generated sakonni ana daukar kwayar cutar a cikin tsakiyar kunne.

tsakiyar kunne

Dalili na tsakiyar kunne ne karamin rami na game da 1 cm ^3, wanda aka located a yankin na boko kashi na ragargaje. Yana gidaje wasu daga cikin auditory ossicles - abin da ake kira likkafa, da guduma da maƙera. Su ne kankanin kashi, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa cewa, samar da sashen ji da sikẽli. Innervates ta daidai sa na jijiyoyi.

A can cikin kunne

Mene ne sashin jiki na ji da kuma auna? Histology na can cikin kunne da aka wakilta da wadannan abubuwa:

1. Bony labyrinth, kunsha na shirayin can cikin kunne, da semicircular canals da cochlea kashi. Wadannan abubuwa suna cike perilymph - takamaiman ruwa wanda sabobin tuba sauti vibrations cikin inji.
2. A membranous labyrinth, wanda aka wakilta siffar zobe kuma elliptical 'yar jakar uku membranous semicircular canals. Located kashi bayar a can cikin kunne da kuma labyrinth kashi ne da farko da alhakin rike jiki balance a sarari.
3. Cochlea - da sashen ji da balance, wani tsarin wanda ba ka damar maida sauti vibrations cikin juyayi tashin hankali. 2,5 siffofin da wani tashar cochlear nada, wanda aka raba da bakin ciki sosai membrane da Reissner asali, mafi m membrane. A karshen kunshi fiye da 20,000 takamaiman zaruruwa, wanda ake kira auditory kirtani. Sun miƙa fadin kunne membrane.

sashen Corti

Alhakin samuwar jijiyar cewa suna daukar kwayar cutar zuwa kwakwalwa neurons. Jikin da aka wakilta a cikin nau'i na 'yan hairs, wanda aiki a matsayin rabe.

Schematically, da aiwatar da samuwar jijiyar ne kamar haka. Sound tãguwar ruwa ya fito daga waje, fitar da ruwa a cikin cochlea. Vibrations suna daukar kwayar cutar zuwa stapes, sa'an nan a kan wani membrane da gashi Kwayoyin. The gabatar tsarin m, wanda ya haddasa yaduwar sakonni zuwa neurons. The gashi Kwayoyin suna da alaka da m rabe, wanda tare samar da auditory jijiya.

The ayyuka na sashen ji, daidaita,

Ware wadannan ayyuka da sashen ji da sikẽli:

1. A kunne kare ciki na jiki daga gurbatawa, nuna sauti a cikin kunne canal.
2. A tsakiyar kunne gudanar da oscillations na karar kadawar sauti. Guduma amsa ga yunkuri na eardrum, yada su zuwa likkafa da maƙera.
3. A can cikin kunne sauti ji da kuma bayar da takamaiman ganewa sakonni (magana, music, da dai sauransu).
4. A semicircular canals taimakawa ga samuwar tunani na auna a sarari, ba da damar jiki ya dauki mafi kyau duka matsayi a line ƙungiyoyi.

gabobin da ma'auni da kuma ji: kowa cututtuka

Akwai da dama na kumburi cututtuka, wadanda ba mai kumburi, da kuma dauke da kwayar cutar yanayi da shafi jikin alhakin samuwar da kuma goyon baya na ji fuskantarwa a sarari. Da ɗan wuya a kawar da pathological bayyananen matsayin hadaddun tsarin da kunne na'urar da ya zama ruwan dare yanayin jikin located. Bari mu bincika asali yawan ailments da shafi gabobin da ma'auni, kuma na ji ware hanyoyin da za a bi da su.

kumburi cututtuka

Daga cikin manyan cututtuka wakilta Categories kamata a lura:

• otitis kafofin watsa labarai.
• otosclerosis.
• labyrinthitis.

Wadannan cututtuka sau da yawa ci gaba a kan bango na baya dauke da kwayar cutar ko kwayar cututtuka, wanda ake sarrafa a cikin nasopharynx.

Idan muka magana game da otitis, su main bayyana abubuwa itching a cikin kunne canal, ci gaban aching zafi, da kuma a mafi tsanani lokuta - copious suppuration na kunne canal. Duk wannan tana bayyana ji hasãra.

Domin wadannan kumburi tafiyar matakai kamar yadda labyrinthitis da otosclerosis, halin da zazzabi, pronounced bayyanar harbi zafi a cikin kunne canal. A hali na jinkiri mayar da martani ga wani batun qara da alama na pathological lalacewar da eardrum na tsarin da kuma a sakamakon - cikakken asarar ji.

Daga cikin sauran cututtuka, wanda zai iya a tare a lokacin da kumburi cututtuka sun hada da: dizziness, asarar mayar da hankali ikon duba, sauke perceptual ingancin mutum sautuna.

Inflamed gabobin da ma'auni da kuma ji suna bi da musamman kunne saukad da zuwa rage kumburi, taimaka da kuma disinfect da kunne canal. Wani tasiri Hanyar magani shafi da dumama da kunne karkashin UV fitilar.

ba-kumburi cututtuka

Daya daga cikin na kowa ailments na ji da kuma auna a cikin ni'imar Meniere ta cutar. Cutar da ake tare da jari da kuma stagnation na ruwaye a cikin cavities na can cikin kunne. A sakamakon haka ne ta ƙara matsa lamba a kan abubuwa na vestibular na'ura. Babban bayyanar cututtuka na Meniere ta cuta ne tinnitus, tashin zuciya da kuma na yau da kullum retching, ci gaba tare da kowane wucewa rana ji hanawa.

Wani irin wadanda ba mai kumburi cututtuka - neuritis auditory rabe. The rashin lafiya da yake boye kuma zai iya kai wa a cigaba da ji hasãra.

Kamar yadda wani far ga kullum hali na abovementioned pathologies sau da yawa koma ga m baki. Don kauce wa wadannan matsaloli da tsanani ne musamman muhimmanci kiwon lafiya ji, lokaci-lokaci ziyara ga likita.

fungal cututtuka

Matsayin mai mulkin, da isar da shirin bayyana a bango na da shan kashi na kunne canal tare da spores na pathogenic fungi. A wasu lokuta, cutar tasowa a mayar da martani ga traumatic nama lalacewa.

Babban gunaguni da ailments na fungal halitta ne: m amo da kuma itching a cikin kunne canal, da samuwar kashe secretions daga kunnen. Kawar da wannan manifestations unsa gwamnatin antifungal jamiái, wanda sanya wani gwani dangane kan irin kamuwa da cuta.

tashin zuciya ciwo

A semicircular canals na can cikin kunne ne m ga gwaji waje tsoma. A sakamakon su wuce kima, m hangula yarda da samuwar tashin zuciya ciwo. Its raya iya haifar da cututtuka na juyayi tsarin da autonomic, kumburi tafiyar matakai da faruwa a cikin ciki na taimakon ji. A karshen harka, don kawar da rashin jin daɗi kamata rabu da mu da babban manifestations da cutar. Tasiri magani yawanci gusar da ji na tashin zuciya, wanda tasowa a cikin shakka daga motsi na abin hawa, ruwa kai halaye.

Train vestibular

Abin da ya dauki wani m mutum a cikin samuwar tashin zuciya ciwo? Babban dalilin da ci gaban jihar ayyukan rike da wani sedentary salon. Regular motsa jiki ba kawai ba da damar jiki don kula da tsoka sautin, amma kuma wani amfani tasiri da zaman lafiyar na vestibular inji to ikon samuwar kasashe.

Mutane yiwuwa ga tashin zuciya, shi ne shawarar yin fitness, aerobics, wasan akrobat, yanã tafiya da gaggãwa nisa, wasa wasanni. A lokacin motsi na jiki tare da raba gudu da kuma yi ƙungiyoyi gidaje a daban-daban kusassari hankali suppressed wuce kima zumudi na vestibular na'ura. Bayan wani lokaci, da gabobin da hangen nesa, ji kuma balance ne tsakanin mafi kyau duka balance. Duk wannan ba ka damar rabu da mu da dizziness da tashin zuciya, wanda abubuwa sakamakon tashin zuciya.

ji Lafiya

Domin ya hana disturbances a cikin aiki na ji, yana da muhimmanci a yi sauki kiwon lafiya matakan. Saboda haka, sababbu tsaftacewa kunne nassi na tara sulfur iya sa da samuwar matosai, wanda rinjayar da ji hasara. Don kauce wa wannan rashin jin daɗi, shi wajibi ne lokaci-lokaci zuwa wanke kunnuwa da sabulu da kuma ruwa. A nan, don tsaftacewa da kunne canal shi bada shawarar yin amfani da musamman auduga da sandunansu, tun da aikace-aikace na bayanai zuwa tukuru abubuwa zai iya sa lalacewar da tympanic membrane. Idan sulfuric marufi ba zai iya cire nasu, kana bukatar ka yi wani dace hanya zuwa ga likita.

Gabar na ji da kuma balance, da tankwara wanda aka kai tsaye alaka da nasopharynx, na bukatar dace magani daga cututtuka kamar colds, mura, kyanda da ciwon makogwaro. Lokacin iya shiga cikin auditory tube pathogens iya sa ba kawai kumburi, amma kuma ya lalata yadudduka.

Shafi ji hasara ne iya tsawon lokaci adam gaban a m muhallin, matsananci sautuna. Idan ka yi aiki a irin wannan yanayi da layi na wajibi, da jinka da ya kamata a kare da musamman earplugs ko belun kunne.

a ƙarshe

Saboda haka za mu dubi tsarin da sashen ji da balance, sauti ji inji kowa pathological manifestations da kuma kiwon lafiya fasali. Kamar yadda za a iya gani, da adana kiwon lafiya ya kamata a ba da tamanin da halayyar bayyanar cututtuka cewa rinjayar ji hasãra. Domin kauce wa ba dole ba matsaloli shi ne muhimmanci dauki da binciken da kuma kanemi shawara.