Virunga - National Park a Jamhuriyar Dimokradiyyar Congo. Description of shuke-shuke da dabbobi. National Parks na Jamhuriyar Dimokradiyyar Congo: jerin

A da kan iyaka da Uganda da kuma Rwanda, a gabashin Congo, shi ne daya daga cikin UNESCO Duniya Heritage shafukan - Virunga. National Park ne mafi tsufa a Afirka. Yana da aka yada a kan wani yanki na 7800 murabba'in kilomita kusa da homonymous kungiyar volcanic dutse a hannu daya kuma da sanannen lake Kivu sauran. A ƙasa hada da savannas da gandun daji, Moors da kwaruruka, aiki volcanoes da kankara-rufe kololuwa na Rwenzori duwãtsu, ruwan tekun Atlantika tabkuna da kuma lawa tudu. Yana da gida don fiye da kwata na tsira jinsunan dutsen gwaggon biri, an namun dajin na rakumin dawa - okapi da yawa wasu dabbobi, da tsuntsaye da kuma shuke-shuke.

A wurin shakatawa

M ƙasar ta rufe yankin daga Lake Kivu ga Semliki River (tsakiyar hanya) a yammacin ɓangare na da iyaka da yankin gabashin Afrika na Laifi. Territory lullube da yanaye kasu kashi uku sassa:

• Arewa - duwãtsu da ake yin dusar ƙanƙara fi Rwenzori, ices wanda daya ne daga cikin manyan hanyoyin samun ruwa ciyar Nile. shi ne a nan tare da kogin kwari. Semliki iya saduwa da okapi.
• tsakiyar bangaren hada da Lake Edward da kuma filayen Ishasha, Rutshuru da Rwindi, shi ne babban cibiyar bambancin da jinsunan dabbobi da tsuntsaye, ciki har da manyan alƙarya giwaye, hippos, da dai sauransu.;
• Kudancin bangaren hada da volcanic lawa Filato Nyiragongo Nyamuragira da kuma wanda suke zartar, kazalika da sauran kololuwa Virunga sarkar. mafi yawan yankin da aka rufe m gandun daji ne gida zuwa dutsen gwaggon biri kuma da yawa wasu jinsunan birai.

Facts daga tarihi na shakatawa

Domin da farko lokacin da ruwan tekun Atlantika yanayin da abu kamar yadda aka sani a yau a matsayin Virunga (National Park a lokacin), ya fuskanci a 1902, da Jamus sojojin kyaftin O. Bering, wanda a lokacin na yau da kullum farauta a kusa da dutsen gorilla kashe Sabino sosai manyan masu girma dabam. A baya can an yi tunanin cewa su zauna a nan za a iya ba. Hunter da shawarar cewa shi ne wani sabon nau'in, don haka ya aiko da dabba masanin kimiyya kashe wani kwarangwal a Jamus. Kwatanta da tankwara da aka sani jinsunan mannyan birai daga Afirka da kuma aika da kayan, da suka samu morphological bambance-bambance na 34 da maki. Shekara guda daga baya, da dabba da aka bayyana da bincike Paul Machi, amma a cikin shekaru 20 masu zuwa na aiki a kan nazarin wani sabon subspecies tsaya. Wannan bayani da hadaddun geopolitical halin da ake ciki da kuma tabas matsayi na ƙasa.

A 1921, ya tafi zuwa dutsen balaguro jagorancin American taxidermist da halittu sculptor Karlom Eykli. Ya samu biyar cushe dabbobi ga gidan kayan gargajiya, amma babban sakamakon dukan aikinsa ya ba da shi. Kallon da m gwaggon biri, ya koya da yawa daga cikin halin halaye, ya gano cewa sun rayu a barga iyali kungiyoyin bauta iya kawai za a rasa ba tare da dangi. Ya gano da kuma cewa su yawan ba haka ba ne mai girma, don haka dabbobi na cikin bukatar kariya da kuma adana halitta habitats. Za mu iya cewa wannan shi ne farkon kafa na musamman da matsayin wata halitta yankin kamar yadda Virunga. National Park da aka bude a shekarar 1925 da kuma a lokacin haifa sunan King Albert. Iyakokinta ake tsare Eykli da kaina hada da duk yankuna sanaki gwaggon biri. Its karshe sunan wurin shakatawa samu a shekarar 1969, kusan shekaru goma bayan da samun 'yancin kai na Congo.

Jinsin dabbobi a cikin ajiye

A tushe na shakatawa da kuma ta kiyayewa ne inextricably nasaba da dutsen gwaggon biri, kamar yadda shi ne, watakila, da babban mazaunan, kare da matuqar kula da trepidation. Su ne a kan gab da nau'i nau'i. Great taimako ga halittu sanya D. Fossey wanda aka kashe da mafarauta a wurin shakatawa a shekarar 1985. Bugu da ari mataki a kan aminci da nau'i nau'i na taimako don inganta halin da ake ciki, amma sabon soja rikici a 2008 ya haifar da kãmun hedkwatar kare yankin. Gwaggon biri nan gaba ya sake a karkashin barazana daga manyan sikelin-deforestation. Babba lalacewar da aka yi, da kuma duk namun daji, a general. Kare yankunan, musamman gandun daji da kuma savannas - gida bauna da kuma giwaye, rakumin dawa, chimpanzee, warthogs, barewa, da zakoki, damisa, da dai sauransu na Congo - .. The kawai kasa a duniya, inda okapi zaune (hoton da ke ƙasa) - hoofed so na iyali giraffidae.

Yawan na okapi ne daidai da ba a sani ba, tun da dabbobi ne sosai secretive da kuma jin kunya, amma a m kimanta shi ne 10 zuwa 20 dubu mutane. Tarihi na samu na da tsari ya zama kusan babban Zoological abin mamaki daga cikin karni na 20th. Okapi - wani mazaunin na gandun daji da kuma caji ne ke kai tsaye itãce haka rayayye yankan itatuwa ke hana shi ba kawai a gida, amma kuma abinci. Kuma wahala daga mutum ayyuka ba kawai wadannan dabbobi. Domin shekaru 45 da yawan hippos ya rage da kusan sau 30, bauna - a 40 Afirka daji giwa - 10.

Birds da kuma dabbobi masu rarrafe

A vastness na ajiye breeds fiye da 800 jinsunan tsuntsaye, 25 daga cikinsu wadan da cikakkar ko'ina a duniya ba zai iya samun su ba. Kusa da ruwa, kuma a cikin Marshes, za ka iya ganin cormorants, bitterns, ibises, skimmer, darters, ungulu, warblers, kitoglavov wakilan ploceidae. A Highland yankunan da sanaki rare jinsuna, kamar Sunbird Rockefeller manyan pestrogrudka, bananoedy da blackbirds Oberlander. Wakilai daga cikin aji na dabbobi masu rarrafe suna mafi sau da yawa samu pythons, macizai, da Jameson Mamba, baki-kai ana ruwa gamsheka, Nile Monitor da kada, wanda ya bayyana sake a cikin ruwan Semliki River ba haka ba da dadewa.

The mazaunan koguna da tabkuna

Sabõda sosai babban a kan taswira, Lake Edward cikin dukkan muhimman jikin ruwa a Afrika ne mafi ƙasƙanci. A fannin ba da ruwan da surface - game da 2325 murabba'in kilomita aka located a tsawon 920 mita. Matsakaicin zurfin da aka kafa a cikin 12 mita, amma a gaskiya da talakawan -. 17 m Yana da wani m, saboda haka ba su bambanta ba sosai babban iri-iri na kifi, yafi mamaye jinsunan daga gidan cichlids. Bã su da wani mafi girma da kewayon masu girma dabam - daga 2.5 cm zuwa 1 m - da kuma jiki siffofi. Duk da haka, da manyan mazaunan ne wani abu amma kifi da hippos (ga photo. Sama), da manyan Semi-na cikin ruwa salon. Babbar dabbobi (yin la'akari har zuwa 4 tan) tare da m disposition, da kuma "m" harafin wasu fiye da zãlunci, kuma, ne a kan gab da nau'i nau'i. Kusan rabin karni, da yawan rage kusan 95% yarda da cewa tsoratarwa adadi. naman dabba ya dade da aka yi amfani da yan unguwa da abinci, da kuma ta giwa mai daraja fiye da hauren giwa, me ya sa akwai haka tartsatsi farautar.

kayan duniya

The ajiye ta Flora ne sosai bambancin. Wannan bayani da cewa da Virunga - National Park, wanda aka tsallaka da dama biogeographic zones. A cikin ƙasa akwai fiye da 2,000 jinsunan shuke-shuke. Foothill da kwaruruka ne wuri mulki ganye daga undersized zuwa high, a farko idan aka mamaye hatsi, kamar Imperata cylindrica. Akwai ma guda itatuwa: .. Gingerbread itace Adanson, BAOBAB da dai sauransu shrub savannas da Woodlands ne, yafi cika da itacen ƙirya, kuma combretum, waxanda suke da musamman yawa a kusa da Lake Edward. A jihar bakin teku sashi ne na kowa Papyrus, kowa Reed, nutsedge. A hankali maye gurbinsu savanna kuma m impenetrable dazuzzukan kurmi, musamman a arewacin, rabin abin da aka located sama da 1800-2300 m saman teku matakin. Akwai aka girma daji dabino, bamboo, kuma sama 3000 m - Heath, Erica arborea, nogoplodnik da sauransu.

volcanoes shakatawa

A kudancin shakatawa ne partially rufe lawa Filato na volcanic Virunga massif. Ya wuce ta ƙasar kasashe uku, tsayinsa - 4,5 km. A dutsen sarkar ƙunshi takwas volcanoes, biyu daga wanda aka located in Congo. Lawa Filato kafa a sakamakon su aiki aikin, bayan kai surface na manyan adadin basalt lawa. Nyamuragira aman wuta da aka dauke su mafi aiki a nahiyar baki daya. Tun da shi ya fara domin kallo shigowa faru 35 sau. Lawa Filato zauna wani yanki na 1.5 sq. M. km. Na biyu aiki aman wuta - Nyiragongo (hoton sama), daga 1882 zuwa surface na lawa barke 34 sau. A mafi yawan aiki aiki da aka rubuta a 1977, ba tare da mutum ya shafa.

kariya daga gwaggon biri

Mutane da yawa shuke-shuke da dabbobi na Virunga ajiye ne rare ko endemic, amma mayar da hankali ne har yanzu a kan dutsen gwaggon biri, wanda a halin yanzu a karkashin barazana da nau'i nau'i. A halin da ake ciki da wahala da m makamai rikici a yankin. 'Yan ta'adda da kuma mafarauta kashe ba kawai dabbobi amma Rangers. Saboda haka, a shekarar 2007, a wannan rana kashe dukan iyali da gwaggon biri a mutane biyar. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, da halin da ake ciki ya inganta dan kadan, sun fi mayar saboda da kwazo aikin na Rangers wanda a zahiri hadarin rayukansu a kiyaye wannan halitta yankin. Duk wannan, ba shakka, na bukatar a duniya masu zuba jari. Part zo daga World Wide Asusun yanayi, a wasu rabo zo daga sana'ar yawon shakatawa da kuma na jihar kanta. Rayayye taimaka wurin shakatawa da kuma masu zaman kansu da kungiyoyin. Shugabannin ne ko da yaushe a shirye su yarda da duk wani yiwu taimako - daga kayan da abinci don kudi canja wurin. Ta kowane hali tafi ciki har da a yi lantarki shinge, wanda damar kare kariya halitta yankunan daga intrusion na mafarauta da sauran maras so baƙi.

kare giwaye

Wadannan su ne manyan, karfi da kuma haziqai dabbobi, Oddly isa, sosai m. Forest giwaye, tare da dutsen gwaggon biri, za a iya kira da babban mazaunan Virunga shakatawa. Fasa} wauri a hauren giwa da kuma haddasa tsanani lalacewar alƙarya waɗannan dabbobi ne. Park gamekeeper juya ga taimako zuwa ga dukan duniya, suna a shirye su shiga cikin yaki da mafarauta, amma shi bukatar bindigogi da kuma tufafinsu, ta kayan aiki. Muhimmanci rayuwa da kowace dabba, da kudi mai yawa da aka kashe ciki har da na lura da rauni da kuma maimed. Masana kimiyya sun nuna cewa dabbobi saukin kamuwa zuwa post-traumatic danniya cuta, kama da abin da ya faru a cikin mutane. Bugu da kari ya magani, giwaye bukatar fi, ko su zama m, wani tunanin rashin zaman lafiya da kuma cutar da duk garken matsayin dukan.

Dogs-trackers

Bloodhound kare sanannu irin na kwarai ji na wari da kuma ikon udavlivat sawu. The dabba ne iya sanin ko so wari na miliyan biyar da wasu, kunna shi ci gaba da lura da mutane, har ma a wuya ƙasa. A ƙasa na shakatawa ne mai yawa da kuma ma sosai bambancin a ƙasa: duwãtsu (Ruwenzori, Virunga), lawa plateaus, tuddanta, kuma savannas, swamps da tabkuna. Yana da muhimmanci a tara dukan reserves domin adana wannan musamman yanki na halitta. kiwo aikin da yin amfani da karnuka a Virunga shakatawa kare da kuma yadda bloodhounds jagorancin Dr. Marlene Zahner. A cimma burinta ta kowane hanya, don haka yin aiki tare teams mutane da Bloodhound ne sosai tasiri da amfani.

Sauran kasa Parks na Jamhuriyar Dimokradiyyar Congo

Ya kamata a lura da cewa tsananin kare yankunan zauna 15% na jimlar yanki na kasar, da yawa daga gare su, to sunan kawai fi na asali da kuma m.

1. Garamba - wani wurin shakatawa a arewa maso gabashin jihar, daya daga cikin tsofaffin a Afirka, yankin - 4480 murabba'in mita. km. A arewa yana da iyaka zuwa savannas da grasslands da tsayi ciyawa, kusa da kudu, suna maye gurbinsu low gandun daji na farko sa'an nan kuma da gallery da kuma wurare masu zafi da ruwan sama gandun daji. A wurin shakatawa kawai 'yan shekaru da suka wuce na zauna na musamman da view - arewacin fari karkanda. Yanzu akwai kawai uku mutane na wannan nau'in, suka zauna a Kenya ajiye.
2. Upemba - ajiye, located a kan Kibar Filato da kuma ciwon wani yanki 11,73 sq .. km. Yana da aka bude a 1939, amma ya zuwa yau duk da shuke-shuke da dabbobi da cewa rayuwa a cikin shi, ba a karatu, da kuma wasu, watakila, ba a san su kimiyya. Flora hada game da 1800 jinsunan.
3. Kahuzi-Biega - wani yankin da ke kudancin kasar. Virgin na wurare masu zafi gandun daji miƙa a gindin biyu dadaddun volcanoes, wanda ya ba da sunan ga wannan wuri. Area 6 sq. M. km. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin na karshe wuraren sanaki rare jinsunan mannyan birai - gabashin kwaruruka gorilla, yawan size - kawai 250 mutane.

Virunga - National Park, a duniya taswirar kawai walƙiya ja dot. Matsayinsa ne don haka precarious da kuma m, barazana da asarar bil'adama na musamman na halitta abubuwa da daruruwan jinsunan dabbobi da tsuntsaye.