Yankin tattalin arziki na tsakiya. Abubuwan CED

Matsayi mai kyau, wuri mai mahimmanci na halitta da kuma matsayin babban gari na fadar gari shine manyan fasali na Yankin Tattalin Arziƙi ta Tsakiya. An gabatar da halaye da kuma cikakken bayani akan raya tattalin arziki na wannan yanki a wannan labarin.

Tarihi da kuma siffofin ɓangaren tattalin arziki na Rasha

Rahotanni na Rasha sun rabu da raguwa ta hanyar masana'antu da kuma tattalin arziki zuwa yankuna 12. Ɗaya daga cikin su shine ainihin Yankin Tattalin Arziki na Tsakiya. Abubuwan halaye da cikakkun bayanin wannan yankin an gabatar da su a kasa.

Ya kamata a lura cewa da farko ƙoƙarin ƙoƙari na yanki yankin ƙasar Rasha a kan tsarin tattalin arziki an yi a cikin karni na XIX. Masana kimiyya daban-daban sun saba da wannan muhimmin al'amari. Daga cikin su - KI. Arseniev, P.P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky, D.I. Richter har ma Dmitry Mendeleyev. Mahimman ka'idojin da aka yi na farko da aka yi a fannin tattalin arziki sune siffofi na aikin noma, da kuma yawan mutane na yankuna.

Yankin tattalin arziki na tsakiya: taƙaitaccen bayani da kuma adadi na gaba

Yankin tattalin arziki na tsakiya (wanda aka rage shi kamar CER) yana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna masu mahimmanci don bunkasa tattalin arzikin kasa na jihar Rasha.

Hanyoyin da ke cikin Yankin Tattalin Arziƙi ta Tsakiya sun haɗa da ɗaukar wasu matakai akan shirin da ya biyo baya:

1. Janar bayani game da yankin.
2. Alamar yanayinsa.
3. Yanayin tattalin arziki da matsayi.
4. Yanayi da kuma albarkatun.
5. Yawan jama'a da matsayi na gari
6. Tattalin arziki na gundumar da siffofin wurinta.
7. Babban matsaloli da kuma ci gaban bunkasa.

Halayyar yankin tsakiyar-tattalin arziki, a bayyane yake, ya kamata ya fara tare da cikakkun bayanai game da shi. Ta haka ne, CER ta rufe wani yanki na kilomita dubu 514, wanda za'a kwatanta da kasar kamar Spain. Fiye da mutane miliyan 30 suna zaune a wannan yankin tattalin arziki.

Gundumar ta ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi 13 na Jamhuriyar Rasha: waɗannan yankuna 12 ne, kuma babban birnin kasar Moscow ne.

Yankin tattalin arziki na tsakiya: halaye na yanayin

CER kai tsaye kan iyakoki tare da wasu yankunan tattalin arziki hudu: a arewacin - tare da Arewa maso Yamma, a arewa maso gabas - tare da Arewa, a kudu maso gabas - tare da Volga-Vyatka. A gefen kudanci, yankin tsakiya na tsakiya na Black Earth ya kasance tare da shi, halayyar da kuma haɓakawa ya haɗa da ainihin dukiya na wannan ƙasa - ƙasa mai laushi (saboda haka sunan).

A yammacin, CER na zuwa iyakar jihar tare da kasashen Turai kamar Belarus da Ukraine, wanda shine kyakkyawan amfani ga bunkasa dangantakar tattalin arziki ta kasashen waje na yankin.

Abubuwan Yankin Yankin Tattalin Arziƙi ta Tsakiya na Rasha sune, na farko, bayanin irin yanayin da ya shafi tattalin arziki, yanayi da kuma sufuri.

Yanayin yanki na yanki yana da alamun kima mai yawa, wanda ya rage yawan rashin kuzarin makamashi a wannan yanki. Na dogon lokaci manyan hanyoyi na ƙasa sun haye a nan, wanda ya taimaka wajen cigaban tattalin arziki na waɗannan ƙasashe. Kogin Volga, babbar tashar ruwa ta Yammacin Turai, tana da muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasa yankin.

Wataƙila zumuncin da ke kusa da wannan yankin na iya yin alfarma, watakila, yankin tsakiyar yankin Chernozem. Alamar waɗannan dangantaka, yana da muhimmanci a lura, ba'a iyakance ga musayar wasu kaya ba. Saboda haka, a tsakanin biranen yankunan tattalin arziki guda biyu suna da dangantaka mai zurfi a fannin kimiyya, ilimi, al'adu da yawon shakatawa.

Abubuwan Ma'aikata na Kayan Gida

Alal misali, a cikin albarkatun albarkatun kasa, yankin, alas, ba shine shugaban kasar ba. Su, maimakon haka, suna da ma'anar gundumar gundumar.

Sauyin yanayi da ƙasa na ƙasa suna da matukar farin ciki ga ci gaban ƙwayar masana'antu da masana'antu. A nan za ku iya girma dankali, hatsi, inganta kayan lambu da kuma noma. Wannan yana sanyawa ta hanyar kasuwar mai sayarwa na gida mai mahimmanci ga kayayyakin aikin gona, wanda ya kunshi birane masu yawa.

Idan muka yi la'akari da albarkatun ma'adinai, to, CER yana da wadata a cikin ƙanshin launin ruwan kasa, peat, phosphorites, ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙasa. An san cewa a cikin yankin akwai kudaden man fetur da gas, da lu'u-lu'u. Duk da haka, ba'a riga an gudanar da ci gaba da waɗannan ajiya ba.

Abin baƙin ciki shine, masana'antun da ke cikin yankin na cikin yanayin rikici. Gashi mai launin ruwan kasa, wanda aka yi wa yanki a yankunan karkara, da ƙananan hali mai tsada. A wannan batun, kamfanin "Mosbassugol", wanda ke da hannu wajen cire kayan wannan kayan abinci, ba shi da amfani. Kusan duk ribar da aka samu kawai don kiyaye ma'adinai na aiki. Bayan duk, 70% na su - da birni-kafa kamfanonin domin su birane da garuruwa. Saboda haka, masana'antun launin ruwan kasa na yankin Moscow suna bukatar gyaran gaggawa da gaggawa.

Yawan jama'a da matsayi na gari

62 mutane a kowace mita mita - wannan alama ce ta yawan yawan jama'a shine Yankin Tattalin Arziƙi na Tsakiya. Abubuwan halaye na yawancin wannan yankin suna da siffofin da yawa, wato:

• Tsarin yawan jama'ar rikodin Rasha;
• Yawan yawan jama'a saboda yawan haɗari na ƙaura daga yankunan tattalin arziki da ke tsakanin yankuna, da kuma kasashe (musamman ga Moscow);
• A yawancin yawan mutanen birane.

Ƙasar da aka fi sani da shi ne yankin Moscow, Tula da Ivanovo na yankin. Ƙididdigar birane na CER na kimanin kashi 83% a yau. A cikin yankin tattalin arziki akwai biranen 248, cikinsu har da ƙauyuka mafi girma a Moscow - Moscow, tare da yawan mutane kimanin miliyan 20.

A key alƙaluma da matsala a CED - wannan shi ne matsalar aikin yi da kuma rashin aikin yi. Hukumomi suna ƙoƙari su warware wannan matsala. Wannan yana da mahimmanci a cikin babban yanki.

Tattalin arziki da fasali na yanki na yanki

Abubuwan Yankin Yankin Tattalin Arziƙi ta Tsakiya na Rasha sun yiwu ba tare da bayanin kamfanoninta ba. A manyan kuma mafi sosai raya ga tattalin arziki yankin - shi ne aikin injiniya. Musamman - sufuri, fasahar lantarki, gini na injiniya da kuma ginin jirgi.

An shirya motoci da motoci a Moscow, bass - a Likino-Dulyovo, locomotives din diesel - a Kolomna. Duka garuruwan Moscow, Rybinsk da Kostroma sune cibiyoyin ginin jirgi da gyaran jirgin. Samar da kayan aiki na kayan aiki da nau'o'i daban-daban (ciki har da agogo) ana mayar da hankali a babban birnin, da Ryazan, Smolensk da Vladimir.

An ci gaba sosai a CER da kuma hadaddun sinadaran. A nan, ana samar da takin mai magani, nitrogen da phosphorus, roba. Tabbas, a cikin yanki da yawan mutanen da suke da yawa, akwai tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire, kazalika da masana'antun masana'antun abinci, wanda yawanci sukan kai ga babban birnin.

Babban matsalolin da kuma manufofin ci gaban gundumar

Daga cikin manyan matsalolin CER sune:

• kasa ci gaban zamantakewa kayayyakin more rayuwa ;
• Crisis na masana'antun kwalba;
• Dole ne a sake gina sabon masana'antu;
• Bukatar yin gyare-gyare mai sauƙi agrarian.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa CER yana da kyakkyawan tsari na zuba jari.

A ƙarshe ...

Yankin tsakiya na tsakiya yana daya daga cikin manyan yankuna na tattalin arzikin kasar. Wannan shi ne saboda yawan amfanin amfani na wannan ƙasa. Abubuwan halaye na Tsakiyar Tsakiya-Yankin Tattalin Arziki sun kasance suna da kyakkyawan wuri na sufuri, da kuma dangantaka da sauran yankuna na tattalin arziki na Rasha, ba wai kawai ba.