Description, halaye, da hotuna Orinoco

Orinoco - daya daga cikin mafi girma a kogin tsarin a duniya. Wannan shi ne mafi m, kuma m kogin a kudancin Amirka. Ruwanta da ƙarni jawo hankalin adventurers, duk da hadarin gaske da kuma unpredictable yanayi.

Tarihi na samu

Tun da bude daga cikin Kudu American kogin Orinoco shi ya m na dogon lokaci saboda da Jungle buya, kuma saboda ba a sani ba. A farko ambaci shi za a iya samu a cikin records Hristofora Kolumba game da uku ta balaguro. Discoverer ga kawai Delta na Orinoco, amma ya buɗe hoto buga da da kyau.

Daga wannan kogin da alaka da sunan Clemente Diego De Ordaz, wanda ya shafe rabin ransa kokarin samun wani m wuri Eldorado. Shi ne ya yi farko ya iya karatu da namun daji na Orinoco. A 1531, masu bincike daga Jamus Ambrosius Ehinger yanke shawarar gano da kogin. A lokaci guda, dama sauran expeditions bincike harafin da aka aikata. Abin baƙin ciki, da bayanin irin kogin Orinoco waɗanda sau bai sauko mana.

Game da ta yi tunani kawai a farkon karni na 19th, a lokacin da Jamus Explorer Alexander von Humboldt kafa fita don nazarin yanayin South America. Shi ya bayyana shuke-shuke da girma tare da bankunan na Orinoco River, kazalika da dabbobi da suka rayu a cikin ruwaye. A tushen da tafki da aka samu kawai a cikin tsakiyar karni na 20th.

A Gwargwadon wurin da kogin da kuma ta size

Orinoco River, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, an located in South America. Its tushen da aka bred a kan iyakar Venezuela da kuma Brazil. A kogin fãra daga wani dutse a kusa da Delgado Chalbaud Guinea tsaunuka.

Kusan duk na Orinoco gudana ta hanyar Venezuela, amma wasu sassa na shi karya a Colombia. Wucewa da arewacin nahiyar, da kogin gudana a cikin Gulf of Paria, kuma daga can cikin tekun Atlantic.

A tsawon Orinoco River - 2736 km, yin shi da daya daga cikin mafi tsawo kududdufai a kudancin Amirka. a sassa daban daban na fadin ne daga 250 m zuwa 10 km. A lokacin ambaliyar ruwa da Orinoco iya zuba up to 22 km a fadin. A zurfin kogin ba da babbar - ta tsororuwar kai 100 m.

A yanayin da Orinoco River

Kewayawa a cikin Orinoco yana da iyaka kuma sosai m. River kai ne koma kawai a cikin m yankin na Delta. Wannan shi ne zama dole gwargwado saboda da canzawa da tafki hali. A nan, kowane 6-7 hours ne muhimmi tides, wanda hana tasoshin motsa. Tsarin mulki na kogin Orinoco dogara a kan lokaci na shekara da kuma kakar. A lokacin rani, shi ya jũya a cikin wani tsarin da tabkuna da kuma Marshes, da kuma a cikin ruwa - shimfidawa.

A lokacin Orinoco kogin a tushen - da kudu-maso-yammacin. Manyan hankali lankwasa a cikin wani baka. Sa'an nan, da shugabanci na Orinoco River da aka canza. Yana gudana ga arewa da kuma arewa-maso-gabas. Akwai, da kogin empties a cikin tekun Atlantic. A kudi na kwarara daga ruwa consistently talakawan bisa dukan tsawon, sai a wurin da Madogararsa. Tun da kogin fãra a cikin duwatsu, a yankin da shi gudana sauri fiye da a Shefela.

Relief da aikin gandu

A cikin manya kai na da Orinoco River ne babban adadin waterfalls masu girma dabam. Wannan shi ne saboda da m da m surface na yankin. A cikin ƙananan kuma tsakiyar sassa na Orinoco River ƙasa ne lebur.

Kusa da Orinoco Delta ne karfi da branched, forming babban adadin aikin gandu da tabkuna. Godiya a gare su, wannan wuri shi ne musamman picturesque. Aikin gandu na kogin ne na musamman, tun da, duk wannan tushen, kõwane ɗaya daga cikinsu yana da wani mutum launi da kuma musamman ruwa abun da ke ciki. The ruwa matakin cikinta ne ma ba m kamar yadda shi ya dogara da adadin hazo. A rani inflows karfi da bushe up ko juya a kananan tabkuna

Daya daga cikin aikin gandu na Orinoco - Casiquiare ta haɗu da shi tare da mafi shahara da kuma full-gudãna kogin a kudancin Amirka - Amazon.

A fauna daga cikin Orinoco River

A fauna daga cikin Orinoco kogin tsarin ne na musamman. Yana yana da game da 700 jinsunan halittu masu rai. River ruwan fifita tare da kifi. Yana gida lantarki eels kuma catfish, 'yan fam, wanda ga mutane da yawa ƙarni ciyar da gida yawan. Duk da haka, ya kamata mu ji tsoron piranhas da crocodiles cewa an samu a nan a yalwace. Orinoco yankin - shi ne gida don dubban jinsunan tsuntsaye. Yana gida mulufi ibises, flamingos, m aku. A kan bankunan iya saduwa da giant tortoises da sauran dabbobi masu rarrafe. A kasa na kogin sanaki yawa birai - capuchins, howlers, macaques, kazalika da wakilan da cat iyali - ocelots, jaguars, pumas da sauransu.

Mafi yawon bude ido tafiya har da Orinoco River a cikin bege na ganin babbar anacondas. Amma kuma a nan za ka iya samun sosai rare jinsuna - m da m kogin dabbobin ruwa, giant kogin otters, manatees waje kiwo da kuma rarest masu rarrafe a duniya - Orinoco kada. Yau, wadannan iri mummunan ha] ari da kuma dauka a karkashin kariya.

A Flora na kogin

Forest girma tare da kogin ambaliyar ruwa. Saboda haka, da shuka rayuwa shi ne lush da bambance bambancen. A cikin ƙananan kai na cikin kogin Flora daban-daban yawa saboda babban adadin na inabõbi da cewa yin gida wurare m. Duk da haka, wadanda suka gudanar da ya yi tafiya a Orinoco gandun daji suna kama yalwa flowering bromeliads da orchids.

Daga cikin itatuwan da aka mamaye mangrove. Asallanta sauka kai tsaye a cikin ruwa, inda abinci da aka shirya. Wurare da dama a gauraye gandun daji da alheri girma da tsayi itatuwa, daban-daban 'ya'yan itatuwa.

Tamanin da kogin a cikin tattalin arziki rai na mutum

Ƙauyuka kusa da gaba da Orinoco kusan babu wani. Duk da haka, akwai kuma da yawa da 'yan asalin kabilar, ga abin da kogin ya zama tushen ba kawai abinci, amma kuma ƙarin kudaden shiga. Saboda haka, na gida m Warao India kabilu sun rayu a nan har shekaru da yawa. Su kananan katako gidaje gina a kan stilts, kuma ya tashi sama da ruwa. Bugu da kari ya kama kifi, da suka tsunduma a harkokin sufuri na yawon bude ido zuwa Orinoco River. The kalmar "Warao" na nufin "jirgin ruwan mutane", don haka a hankali ne m kabilar ta haɗu da ransa da ruwa.

The most na 'yan garuruwa a cikin Orinoco River - wannan Ciudad Guayana. Yana da aka kusa da shi a cikin tsakiyar karni na karshe fara gina tashoshin jiragen ruwa. Wannan shi ne sakamakon ganewa tama da sauran ma'adanai. A lokacin, aiki a kan tama aiki ya ci gaba. Har ila yau, a kan kogin da aka shigar tafki da kuma hydroelectric iko shuke-shuke.

Kwanan nan, m wurare masu zafi grasslands na Orinoco tasa da ake amfani da waje kiwo dabbobi. Wannan entails bata ba, kamar yadda garkunan dabbobi tattake da ciyawa da kuma ci babban yawan shuke-shuke, kazalika da rage daraja da zarar tati.

Tourism a kan Orinoco kogin

Tourist tushe Orinoco River suka fara samar kawai kwanan nan. Yau wannan wuri m ga real adventurers. Yawon bude ido suna miƙa wani m jirgin ruwan tafiye-tafiye, kyale su gano duk da tashoshi na cikin kogi, don samun matsahi na saba da Flora da fauna, a taba karni al'adun da yan unguwa.

Travel Orinoco za a iya dangana ga irin mashahuri a yau, da shugabanci kamar yadda aiyukan-yawon shakatawa. Wurare da dama a nan ne untouched da kuma ruwan tekun Atlantika. Travel hukumomin bayar da dama shirye-shirye don dacewa da dukan dandani. Dangane da abubuwan da ka zaba, ba za ka iya daukar wani iyo, kwami, kifi (musamman m Piranha), yawo a cikin Jungle zuwa ziyarci Warao kauyen. Akwai dare da rana shirye-shirye.