Parliamentarianism - a ... parliamentarism a Rasha

Majalisar tsarin - wani tsarin gwamnati da ta al'umma, wanda aka halin bayyananne rabuwa na majalisa da kuma na zartarwa ayyuka. A wannan yanayin, mafi girma majalisu jiki kamata zauna a wurinsu kyakkyawan zarafi ne. Wannan labarin ya tattauna abin da parliamentarianism a Rasha da kuma sauran kasashe, da matakai na da samuwar da kuma halaye.

Mene ne majalisar?

Majalisar - shi ne babban wakilin jiki na jihar. Yana aiki a kan wani m-akai da kuma za a zabe da yawan jama'a na kasar. Shi ne ya hulda da sauran jihar gawarwakin da aka kira da "parliamentarism". Wannan institute ne ma halin da daukaka a cikin majalisu filin.

Majalisar aikata wasu ayyuka: wakilin, integrative da tsaiko. Na farko shi ne cewa shi ne magana na nufin 'yan ƙasa. A mutane a matsayin tafin kafa tushen iko da m kafofin watsa labarai karfafawa majalisar a kan ta madadin cika da majalisu rawa. Integrative aiki ta'allaka ne da cewa ya ne na kasa da ikon warware matsaloli. Har ila yau, majalisar kira su zuwa ga tsara da bambancin al'umma ...., wanda su ne spokesmen na jam'iyyun siyasa. Ya uku alama ne cewa dokokin kafa su ne babban kayyadewa na zaman jama'a a tsakaninsu.

ãyõyin parliamentarism

Majalisar tsarin - a tsarin na hulda tsakanin jihar da kuma al'umma. Its m, kuma doka halaye, wanda a daya nau'i ko wata, an yake kunshe a cikin kundin tsarin mulki, su ne kamar haka

1. Rabuwa da majalisu da kuma zartarwa iko.
2. A wurinsu kyakkyawan zarafi matsayi na 'yan majalisa da kuma su doka yancin kai daga masu kada kuri'a.

Akwai sauran ãyõyinMu, sai suka ba su shika-shikan a dokar.

Parliamentarism ba a hade tare da takamaiman siffofin shugabanci. Wannan sabon abu ne da halayyar kowane zamani dimokuradiyya. Rasha parliamentarism kuma tsaye tarihi sharadi da sakamakon zamantakewa da siyasa ci gaban jihar.

Na duniya ta majalisar tarihi

Ko da a cikin VI. BC. e. Athens na arziki jama'a zabe collegial jiki - da majalisar hudu. Amma samuwar parliamentarism a cikin zamani ji ke faruwa a cikin XIII karni. Wannan shi ne saboda da fitowan a Ingila na wani wakilin musamman jiki. Duk da haka, da real ikon da majalisar na'am kawai bayan juyin XVII-XVIII ƙarni. Sa'an nan, a cikin mafi Yammacin kasashen Turai ya bayyana wakilin jikin majalisar dokoki.

A 1688 a Ingila da aka wuce da Dokar 'Yancin, wanda aka fara a tsare ta majalisar a cikin tsarin gwamnati. Ga majalisu ikon da aka sanya masa. Har ila yau, daya daga cikin manyan ka'idojin parliamentarism an gyarawa. Ya yi shelar ministocin alhakin zuwa wakilin jiki na majalisar dokoki.

A 1727 majalisar karo na farko a Ingila da aka kafa a jam'iyyar akai.

A farkon da ci gaban parliamentarism a Rasha

Majalisar tsarin - shi ne da farko daya daga cikin cibiyoyin da dimokuradiyya. Ya kwanan nan ya bayyana a Rasha. Amma farkon parliamentarism za a iya gani ko da a cikin sau na Kievan Rus. Daya daga cikin hukumomi a wannan kasar da aka rare majalisar. Wannan tarin ne wani ma'aikata ta hanyar wanda mutanen da hannu a warware matsalolin zamantakewa. Da bẽne, zai iya daukar wani ɓangare duk free mazaunan Kievan jihar.

A na gaba mataki na ci gaba da parliamentarism a Rasha - shi ne zargin da Zemsky Sobor. Sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin majalisu tsari. Zemsky Sobor kunshi biyu bẽnãye. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na manyan jami'an sun, da hakan limaman, membobin da Boyar Duma. A kasa na wakilan zabe daga cikin nobility da townspeople.

A baya lokacin da cikakkar daular mulkinsu ɓullo da ra'ayin parliamentarianism, amma akwai na musamman da majalisar dokoki, wanda ba a iya lura da shi ba Sarkin sarakuna.

Parlamentizatsiya kasashen a cikin XX karni

A farkon juyin juya halin a 1905 alama kasar miƙa mulki daga daular mulkinsu zuwa da doka da oda da kuma farkon parliamentarism. Wannan shekara, da Sarkin sarakuna hannu da mafi manifestos. Sun kafa wani sabon wakilin zakonosoveschatelnogo jiki a kasar - Jihar Duma. Tun daga nan ba yi ba shiga zuwa da karfi ba tare da ta yabo.

A shekarar 1906, majalisar da aka kafa, kunsha na biyu da bẽnãye. Kasa - Jihar Duma, da kuma saman - da majalisar jihar. Dukansu bẽnãye aka located majalisu himma. Su ayyukan da aka aiko zuwa ga sarki. A babba gidan yanayi ya polupredstavitelnym jiki. Daya daga cikin shugaban da aka nada da Sarkin sarakuna, da kuma sauran zabe daga cikin nobility, malamai, da babban yan kasuwa, da sauransu. D. The ƙananan gidan wani irin wakilin jiki.

Parliamentarism a Soviet Rasha

Bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin da aka hallaka tsohon tsarin na jihar iko. A lokaci guda, shi aka reinterpreted manufar "parliamentarianism" da kanta. All-Russian Congress of Soviets - sabon m jiki na jihar ikon da aka kafa. Yana da aka kafa ta hanyar gudanar da zabe, abin da ya faru a dama, saukarwa, daga shugabannin na gida taro. A wannan wakilin tsarin da aka kafa don haka da cewa da yawancin mallakar ma'aikata, ba manoma. Wannan majalisa da aka ba aiki na dundundun. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa daga mambobin zabe da All-Russian kwamitin zartarwa na Soviets. Ya sarrafa a kan wani m-akai da kuma da majalisu da kuma zartarwa iko. Daga baya Upper Majalisar da aka kafa. Wannan iko yana majalisu ayyuka da kuma zabe ta kai tsaye m takardar za ~ en.

Parliamentarism a Rasha a yanzu mataki

Tsarin mulki na shekarar 1993 a Rasha An kafa wani sabon tsarin na jihar iko. Yau, domin tsarin da kasa ne halin da bin doka da oda da kuma manyan rawar da majalisar dokokin kasar.

A tsarin da gwamnatin tarayya Majalisar kunshi biyu bẽnãye. Farko - Majalisar Tarayya, na biyu - da jihar Duma. Domin da farko lokacin da Rasha ƙananan majalisar ta fara aiki a watan Disamba 1993. Yana kunshi 450 members.