Erlich Paul: taimako ga kimiyya

Erlich Paul mashahurin masanin kimiyyar Jamus da likita, wanda ya karbi kyautar Nobel a shekara ta 1908 don aikinsa a fannin ilimin rigakafi. A hade shi likita ne da bacteriologist. Ya zama mai kafa chemotherapy.

Paul Ehrlich: Tarihi

An haifa wannan yaro Maris 14, 1854 a birnin Stshelen a cikin iyali wanda ya kunshi mutane shida: iyaye da yara hudu. Bugu da ƙari, shi ne ƙaramin yaro da ɗansa kawai. Mahaifin Bulus ya kasance mai arziki ne, yayin da yake shiga cikin filin jirgin sama kuma yana da masauki. Dukkan yara an haife su a cikin ƙananan yanayi tare da kiyaye ka'idodin Yahudawa. Tuni a farkon lokacin yaron ya dauke shi ta hanyar ilimin kimiyya, wanda ya zama mahimmancin farawa don nasarorin nasa.

Shahararrun Karl Weigert (dan uwan mahaifiyarsa) ya iya taimakawa wajen bunkasa harkokin kiwon lafiya da kuma kimiyya a matasan Paul. Yaron ya yi karatu a gundumar Breslav, bayan haka ya ci gaba da karatunsa a makarantun likita. Bayan samun ilimi, Erlich Paul ya sami aiki a asibitin Berlin.

Fara hanyar zuwa kimiyya

Masanin kimiyyar matasa ya shafe karatunsa na farko a kan kwayoyin jini, yayata su da launi daban-daban. A sakamakon bincikensa, ya gano wasu nau'o'in leukocytes, ya nuna darajan kasusuwa na fata don samin jini, kuma ya iya samun sassan mast a cikin kayan haɗi.

Na gode da canza launi, Paul Ehrlich, wanda hotunan da kake gani a cikin wannan labarin, ya iya samar da hanya ta musamman don gane tubercle bacilli, wanda ya haifar da tasirin maganin wannan cuta a marasa lafiya.

Masanin kimiyya

Zanen kwayoyin halitta, masanin kimiyya ne ya shaida mafi girma ga binciken likita wanda ya rinjayi makomarsa. Robert Koch da kuma Louis Pasteur - da masana kimiyya, bisa ga ayyukan da Erlih Paul kuma sa a gaba ka'idarsa na fama da microbes. Da yake har yanzu bai gogu da duniya dalibi, wani saurayi karanta wani littafi game da gubar dalma, wanda zai iya ba bar yaron ta hankali a sauran. A cikin wannan takarda, an ce cewa, lokacin da aka haɓaka, gubar yana tarawa a wasu kwayoyin. Bugu da ƙari, yana da sauƙi don tabbatar da chemically.

Ta haka ne, masanin kimiyya ya zo ne da cewa ya kamata a bincika irin abubuwan da zasu hada da kwayoyin cututtuka kuma ɗaure su. Wannan zai taimaka wajen dakatar da abubuwa masu cutarwa ga jikin mutum. Yana da wuya a yi imani, amma wannan ƙaddamarwa ya haifar da zane-zane na kimiyya, wanda ya yi amfani da shi kawai daga son sani. Ya fahimci cewa idan fenti zai iya tsayawa ga masana'anta kuma ya lalata shi, zai kuma iya haɗuwa da kwayoyin cuta kuma ya kashe su.

Ka'idar "harsashi mai sihiri"

A 1878 Erlich Bulus ya zama likita a asibitin Berlin. Na sami damar samar da hanyoyi na bincike na tarihi. Da farko ya samo kwayoyin cutar a kan gilashi, sa'an nan kuma ya tafi cikin kyallen takarda na dabbobi, wadanda cutar ta cututtuka. Kuma wata rana sai ya gabatar da launi mai launi a cikin jinin mai zubar da rai. A lokacin gwajin irin wannan gwajin, masanin kimiyya ya mamakin sakamakon da ya faru.

Blue ne kawai kwakwalwa da jijiyoyi. Duk sauran masana'antun ba su canza launi ba. Ehrlich ya zo ga ƙarshe: idan akwai fenti wanda zai iya kama wani nau'i na nama, to akwai wani abu da zai iya kashe wasu nau'in microorganisms masu cutarwa. Mun gode wa irin wannan ra'ayi, ka'idar "farfado da sihiri" ya tashi, yana nufin shigarwa cikin kwayar cutar ta wani abu da zai iya kashe kullun duk masu cutar.

"Ciwon barci" cututtuka

Erlich Paul, wanda taimakonsa zuwa ilmin kwayoyin halittu yana da amfani sosai, a 1906 ya zama darekta na cibiyar nazarin gwaji. A wannan lokacin, yana sha'awar cutar "barci", wanda ya kashe yawancin 'yan Afirka a wannan lokacin. Masana kimiyyar sun kirkiro maganin maganin gargajiya "Atoxil", wanda ya rushe trypanosomes, amma mutumin da ya ɓace. Ehrlich Bulus ya gano cewa wannan samfurin ya ƙunshi arsenic, wanda shine ainihin guba.

Babban aikin masanin kimiyya shine sababbin hanyoyin, wanda zai kashe dukkan trypanosomes, amma bai shafi mutum ba. An gwada daruruwan abubuwa, amma wadannan kwayoyin halitta sun haifar da rigakafi, don haka kwayoyi ba su dace ba. Duk da haka, duk da yawancin damuwa, Bulus ya gudanar da maganin maganin cutar "barci".

Magunguna Venereal

Irin waɗannan cututtuka sun damu da bil'adama na dogon lokaci. A zamanin bacteriology, yawancin masana kimiyya sun fara bincike kan cututtukan cututtuka daban-daban, kuma a wannan lokacin zasu iya samo uku. Da farko bacillus kabba da ciwon sanyi da aka samu, sa'an nan chancroid da syphilis a karshen, wanda shine causative wakili na Treponema pallidum.

Warkar da maganin syphilis

A ƙarshen karni na goma sha tara da farkon farkon karni na ashirin na farawa inganci kawai ya fara bayyana. A asibitoci, ba a taɓa amfani da su ba. Amma duk abin da ya canza bayan Erlich Paul ya ba da shawarar maganin da zai iya warkar da syphilis. Akwai ƙoƙari masu yawa don ƙirƙirar shi, sakamakon ya ban mamaki. A hanyar, ta yin amfani da kayan gwajin gwajin kimiyya, masanin kimiyya ya kirkiro sabon jagorancin magani.

Masanin ilimin kimiyya ya kawo shawara don bi da syphilis tare da irin waɗannan abubuwa yayin da samin sanyi ya fara zama mahadiyar arsenic. Amma, da rashin alheri, yayin gwaji da yawa, ba zai iya kawar da lalacewar lalacewa ba.

Yanayin rayuwa ba tare da damu ba

Paul Ehrlich, wanda masanin halitta yake aiki, a 1887 ya zama mataimakin farfesa, kuma a 1890 - farfesa a jami'a. A lokaci guda kuma ya yi aiki a kamfanin Robert Koch. A 1888, a lokacin daya daga cikin gwaje gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje sun kamu da tarin fuka. Ya ɗauki matarsa da 'ya'ya mata biyu, ya tafi Masar domin magani. Amma a maimakon magance wata cuta, ya zama mai ciwo tare da ciwon sukari. Lokacin da jihar kiwon lafiya ta inganta, iyalin ya dawo Berlin.

Tun 1891 Erlich Paul, wanda ayyukansa ya zama mahimmanci ga mafi yawan masana kimiyya, sun yi amfani da lokaci mai yawa don zaɓin sunadarai da ake bukata don magance cututtuka da cutar ta fito daga waje. Nasararsa ta farko ita ce magani wanda ya dogara ne akan blue-methylene, wanda aka tsara don magance cutar malaria ta kwana hudu. Bayan haka sai ya fara amfani da wasu dyes. A lokacin irin waɗannan ayyuka, shi ne na farko da yayi la'akari da ƙwayar microorganisms don maganin kwayoyi. An kafa halayen immunological don ƙaddarawa.

Lambar Nobel

Masanin kimiyya shine farkon wanda ya gabatar da ka'idar rigakafi - ikon jiki na kare kanta daga jikin dan Adam. Ya halicci ka'idar sarƙoƙi na gefen, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasa kimiyyar immunology. A wannan aikin, masanin kimiyyar Jamus, tare da Mechnikov, sun sami kyautar Nobel a shekara ta 1908.

Erlich Paul: taimako ga kimiyya

A 1901, likita da masanin kimiyya da kwarewa mai yawa sun fara magance cutar ciwon sukari. Ya ci gaba da gwaje-gwaje na musamman wanda yayi maganin ƙwayar cutar ciwon daji ga dabbobi, kuma a karo na farko zai iya tabbatar da cewa dabbobi ba su da halayen halayen da suka faru bayan bacewar ciwon sukari.

Masanin kimiyya mafi mahimmanci shine gano kwayoyin mast da aka sani ba, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da rigakafi. Har ila yau, Bulus ya iya tabbatar da cewa kowane kwayar halitta mai rai wanda ke shiga cikin maganin rigakafi yana da masu karɓa na musamman waɗanda zasu iya gane jami'o'in kasashen waje. A saboda irin wannan binciken ne Erlich Paul ya sami kyautar Nobel.

Ehrlich ya tabbatar da kansa a fannin ilmin sunadarai, yayin da yake bayyana halayen da ke da muhimmanci a magani. Saboda haka sai ya karbi lambar zinare ta Liebig.

Ya kasance mamba ne na al'ummomin duniya saba'in da ilimi. Ya zuwa yanzu, ana kiran sa a bayansa: Cibiyar Nazarin Immunological, da tituna, asibitoci, makarantun ilimi, masana kimiyya da tushe, kyauta ga binciken kimiyya. Har ila yau, ya kira filinsa a wata.

A shekara ta 1909, Nicholas II ta baiwa malamin makaranta Dokta St. Anne kyauta, kuma ya sanya sunan magajin asiri. Ehrlich ya yi murabus saboda bai iya barin bangaskiyar Yahudawa ba.

Ya auri wani mace wanda ya ba iyalinsa da kuma harkokin kudi na rayuwarsa. Bulus ya kasance cikakke a cikin kimiyya. Ban kula da wani abu ba. Zan iya rubutawa a kowane wuri, farawa da bene da ganuwar kuma ƙare tare da hannun abokan hulɗa.

Masanin kimiyya ya mutu a ranar 20 ga watan Agustan 1915, daga wani harin da aka kai a Bad Homburg. An binne shi a kabari na Yahudawa. A 1933, Nasis sun lalata alamar, amma an sake dawowa.