Gefen Hanya: definition, zane. Hankula kayayyaki na hanya tufafi na birnin hanyoyi

Bayyanar al'ada hanya saman, a kan abin da kai motsi, boyewa wani hadadden tsarin da dama yadudduka. Kowane Layer yana da dokokinsa da na'urorin, siffofin da fasaha dalilai. Bayar da ingantattun yi dukkan yadudduka za a iya samu wani aminci da m shafi. Wannan zai zama matafiya, wanda ta haka ne Forms asali kayayyakin more rayuwa domin motsi na motocin.

Ainihin ra'ayi na matafiya

hanyoyi akai sau da yawa da ke sa kwalta kankare da siminti kankare. A lokuta biyu, da halaye na iya bambanta binders, karye kasarun adadi, yashi, da kuma sauran fillers. A gaskiya, da ƙãre tsarin irin wannan coatings za a iya daukarsa a matsayin cikakken matafiya. Tabbatar da dalilin samar da wani na kowa sa na shafi yadudduka, amma kowane Layer abubuwa a matsayin mai raba fasaha bangaren ga abin da na'urar musamman bukatun. Don a tabbatar da AMINCI na shafi zama dole don samar da yanayi a karkashin abin da tsarin abubuwa na faruwa a irin ƙarfin lantarki daga zirga-zirga ba exert yankunan da sakamakon a kan tsarin. Don cimma wannan damar m lissafi na zane fasali da cewa yin fasahar kafin hanya ayyukansu.

Abin da aka ɗauke shi zuwa lissafi a cikin zane na matafiya?

Hankula kayayyaki da aka tsara kamar yadda duniya ɗaukar hoto, kuma zuwa birane hanyoyi da kuma kasar en. Ba kome, wannan babbar hanya ko titi. The aikin ci gaba ne a dauki la'akari da matakin na zirga-zirga da yawa, da kaddarorin da kayan amfani, da kaya, hydrological kuma gona yanayi, da kuma sauran abubuwan da ya shafi aiki na hanya saman da tushe. A wani maras m tsarin rufe hanya bayar da wani karamin girma na stacking yadudduka. A musamman, da zane na hanya matafiya na da irin wannan shafi cikin lissafi na halal deflection a rufe ya fi karfinsu daga ra'ayi na waje yanayi, lokaci na shekara. Reversible deflection da aka lasafta bisa ga wannan asali halaye - da modulus na elasticity.

Har ila yau daukan la'akari da juriya daga cikin manya yadudduka na duniya ƙasa, wanda a nan gaba za a aza harsashin ginin. Domin wannan dabara siga gudanar karfi danniya darajar. Idan daya daga cikin yadudduka na sabawa daga ma'auni nagartacce cikin sharuddan karfi iya sa saura nakasawa matakai, da matafiya tsarin iya hada canje-canje a cikin abun da ke ciki ta ƙara sabon plasticizers da fasaha aka gyara da bunkasa rigidity daga cikin tushe yanar gizo.

iri matafiya

All hankula kayayyaki na hanya tufafin kasu kashi biyu Categories - m da wadanda ba m. A wannan model kowane tsari shafi na'ura shafi yin amfani da takamaiman Manuniya danshi, da kauri, size of yashi sulusi da murabba'i, karya da kuma sauran kaddarorin da ciminti-yashi tushe. Saboda haka, a ƙasa warp modulus dangane kan zane iya zama wani talakawan na 300-500 kgf / cm ^2. Kamar yadda wani togiya ne yiwu haifar zane dauka babu yashi Layer na'urar for magudanun ruwa. A wannan yanayin, zanawa ne da za'ayi ba m pavements tsara don kwanciya a cikin wani yashi loam kasar gona da yashi. A modulus na elasticity irin wannan tsarin zai iya isa 1200 kg / ^cm2. Daban-daban zane da kuma yawan aiwatar yadudduka. Wannan na iya zama wani takaice biyu-Layer tufafi, da kuma rufe for 5-6 yadudduka. Dangane da muhalli da yanayi na aikin da developers iya ƙara ƙarin yadudduka, kamar wani insulator aiki.

Hankula matafiya kayayyaki

An muhimmin bangaren a kyautata na birane da kuma manyan ayyuka a sidawuk. Its shafi ma da dangantaka da iri na matafiya, amma ba shakka, tare da wasu fasaha da kuma cika halaye, tsara don tafiya a ƙasa zirga-zirga. Gina sidewalks a yankuna daban-daban ba haka ba ne daban-daban da juna, kamar yadda yanayin damina a kan su cover a karamar tasiri. Duk da haka, da zane daukan la'akari da category daga cikin titi, ta dalili, da tsanani da tafiya a ƙasa zirga-zirga, ƙasa warp halaye, kazalika da da hali daga sidawuk da roadway. A misali irin na matafiya tsarin iya gane a cikin wani karfafa gona ta amfani da kwalta da ciminti slurries. A wasu lokuta, da yin amfani da yumbu faranti da kwalta, kazalika da rauni a kan tushen halitta dutse. A wannan stacking za a iya yi a mahara yadudduka kamar yadda shi ne yanayin da al'ada hanyoyi.

Dalili matafiya

Wata kila wannan shi ne mafi m ɓangare na sauran zane tun yana ta'allaka aiki topcoat m da ƙasa, kazalika da kaya rarraba. A yi, da aikace-aikace tsarin samar da wani irin ƙarfin lantarki drop daga bugu ƙafafun, da canja wurin ikon yuwuwar a cikin ƙasa. Saboda haka, da tushe a kudi na ƙasar cover Halicci irin buga-mamaye sakamako. Amma ba ko da yaushe a dace matafiya halaye tushe, cikin sharuddan kariya daga waje tsoma. Alal misali, cikin ƙananan Layer iya samun mafi kyau duka aiki halaye, amma a karkashin mataki na ruwa zai hankali a eroded. A daya hannun, ya iya nuna juriya ga yanayin tsoma, amma shi ne mafi sharri ga yin kaya rarraba. Domin inganta halaye daban-daban magina ware da kuma aikin yadudduka a cikin tsarin da wani tushe. Saboda haka, kyan gani dabam qazanta bangare kuma karin yadudduka. A irin wannan tsarin, da basecoat ne alhakin inji juriya, da kuma kara shafi guda tsayayya hazo.

saman wani ɓangare

A matsanancin surface ma daukawa fitar da wani yawan m ayyuka, babban abin da yake da kai tsaye liyafar na lodi daga motocin. Direct lamba na faruwa a tare da girmamawa ga yanayin hazo, don haka m halaye a cikin sama ɓangare za a iya kira duniya. Multifunctionality m shafi aka samu saboda mahara yadudduka kamar yadda shi ne yanayin da tushe rabo. Saboda haka, domin kara jure fasa a cikin rufi Layer amfani na musamman wanda abun da ke ciki geotextile da geogrid, kazalika da modified iya hada karfafa aka gyara. A surface na matafiya yana da musamman aiki, wanda kuma ceton da shafi daga zafi da kuma dusar ƙanƙara. Bayan m halaye aikata da kuma karfafa m kaddarorin da surface. Special aiki, misali, ana amfani da ƙara da roughness da kuma inganta coupler hanyoyi da ƙafafun.

ƙarin yadudduka

Dangane da aiki da yanayi na hanya surface iya shafar wani iri-iri na korau abubuwan. Ba kowane misali zane iya saduwa high lodi, daga ra'ayinsa na zafi, ruwa da kuma inji tasiri. Alal misali, ba m pavements da wani babban iya aiki domin magudanun ruwa da kuma ba ya bukatar ƙarin yashi cikas, amma su ƙarfi da kaddarorin iya bukatar karawa. Domin wannan Halicci Layer tsakanin m rabo da babba yadudduka, da yadudduka aka aza aiwatar interm polymeric film tushe da kuma ƙasa.

Frost-resistant Layer

A cikin sharuddan m yanayin effects ne mafi yankunan da sanyi. Kariya a kan aiki a cikin hali na subzero yanayin zafi na samar da amfani da granular kayan, kamar yashi, yashi da tsakuwa, slag da kuma juji. A irin rufi za su iya aiki da kuma datti gininsa a kan wanda gaban daɓen da aka kafa tare da tushe yadudduka. Duk da haka, su hana daskarewa da ƙasar rufe kananan - shi ne suna goyon bayan karfafa cementitious abubuwa da hydrophobed mounds kuma nepuchinistymi kayan.

magudanun ruwa Layer

Technology yadudduka da irin wannan aka yi amfani a yankunan da roadbed na nedreniruyuschego gona. The m hada da irin tsarin da aka gani a yankunan da m ruwan sama. Babban aiki na magudanun ruwa Layer ne don tabbatar da magudanun ruwa. Bugu da ƙari, na hali tsarin birane hanya pavements a cikin abin da magudanun ruwa Layer ne mafi girma dangi da zurfin daskarewa kamata a da za'ayi kawai daga sanyi da kuma m kayan.

fasaha lahani

A mafi hatsari sabon abu da zai iya haifar da ba daidai ba da yin amfani da na'urar fasahar daga cikin matafiya suna dauke breaches. A irin haka ne, akwai wani hadarin cikakken halakar da masana'anta na dukan kauri daga cikin bayyanuwar kaifi murdiya profile zane. Kadan m matakai peeling da chipping, wanda bayar da shawarar surface lalacewa saboda flaking da kuma asarar nauyin abubuwa da mutum barbashi ma'adinai cika. Common kurakurai da cewa hankula stacked tsarin pavements iya tsokana da samuwar potholes kuma canjawa. Formation bude acan ma results a cikin ƙasa fitar da surface, abin da ya sa cikin rufi m don amfani.

ƙarshe

A cikin 'yan shekaru, pavements na'urar fasahar sun canza kadan. A gabatarwar da sabon masana'antu mafita shafi da farko da fasaha goyon baya a cikin nau'i na fitowan na zamani kayan, da kayayyakin aiki da kuma kayan aiki da shirye-shiryen da kuma shiryawa da daban-daban yadudduka. Materials daga wannan wanda aka shirya pavements na gari hanyoyi, kasance cikin wannan. Bisa coatings ma sun dauki ciko sumunti, yashi da tsakuwa da binders. Hakika, mafi kuma mafi ake yi da kuma sabon gyaggyarawa aka gyara tare da Additives, amma su ne batu-kamar harafin karuwa da aiki Properties kuma ba halin canza halaye na hankula kayayyaki.