Halittu, Uilyam Garvey da kuma taimakonsa da magani

Uilyam Garvey (shekaru na rayuwa - 1578-1657) - da Turanci likita da kuma halittu. An haife shi a Folkestone 1 Afrilu 1578 Mahaifinsa m m. William ya ne ɗan fari, a cikin iyali, amma saboda babban magaji. Duk da haka, sabanin 'yan'uwansa, ya kasance gaba daya sha'aninsu dabam da farashin nama Uilyam Garvey. da ilmin halitta da ba nan da nan sha'awar, amma ya sauri gane cewa gaji da magana tare da shugabannin chartered jiragen ruwa. Saboda haka Harvey gladly yarda ya yi nazarin a Canterbury College.

Kasa ne hotuna na wani babban likita William Harvey. Wadannan hotuna ne daga daban-daban shekaru da ransa, da hotuna da aka sanya da daban-daban artists. Abin baƙin ciki, yayin da kyamarori bai wanzu ba, don haka ba za mu iya kawai game da tunanin abin da kama William Harvey.

horo lokaci

A 1588, Uilyam Garvey, wanda biography ne ban sha'awa ga mutane da yawa, da kuma a yau, ya shiga Royal School, dake a Canterbury. A nan sai ya fara karatu Latin. A May 1593 aka kwantar da sanannen Caius College, Cambridge University. Ya samu wani malanta a wannan shekara (da shi da aka kafa ta da Archbishop na Canterbury a 1572 g). Harvey farko shekaru 3 na binciken kishin "tarbiyya da amfani ga likita." Wannan gargajiya harsuna (Latin kuma Helenanci), falsafa, rhetoric, da kuma lissafi. William musamman zama sha'awar falsafa. Daga cikin ayyukan da gani da shi cewa Aristotle ta halitta falsafa da babban tasiri a kan ci gaban William Harvey a matsayin masanin kimiyya.

A na gaba shekaru 3, William karatu tarbiyya wanda aka kai tsaye alaka magani. Ilimi a Cambridge a lokacin da aka rage mafi yawa ya karanta da kuma tattauna game da ayyukan Galen, Hippocrates da sauransu. Ancient marubuta. Wani lokaci dalibai shirya ilimin Halittar Jiki zanga-zangar. Suka zamar masa dole ya ciyar a kowace hunturu Science malami. Caius College aka yarda sau biyu a shekara domin su gudanar da autopsies na masu laifin da aka kashe. Harvey a 1597, ya samu wani digiri na farko. Ya bar Cambridge a watan Oktoba 1599

yawon shakatawa

A shekaru 20, nauyin da "gaskiyar" na na da dabaru da kuma halitta falsafa, zama quite wani ilimi mutum, sai ya yi komi ba iya. Harvey janyo hankalin kimiyya. Lamirinsu, ya san daidai abin da za su yi wasa wa kaifi hankali. Bisa ga al'ada na matasa maza da lokaci Uilyam Garvey ya tafi wani biyar-shekara tafiya. Ya so ya sami wani qafafunku a ƙasashe masu nisa a cikin m, kuma m hali wajen magani. Kuma William ya fara tafiya zuwa Faransa sa'an nan zuwa Jamus.

ziyartar PADUA

Ba san ainihin ranar da ziyararsa ta farko da William PADUA (wasu masu bincike sanyã shi zuwa 1598), amma a 1600 ya riga ya da wani "tsufa" shi ne wani wakilin (ya zaɓe matsayi) dalibai daga Ingila, University of PADUA. Duk da yake wani gida likita makaranta shi ne a ganiya na ɗaukaka. A PADUA wadãta godiya ga ilimin Halittar Jiki nazari J. Fabricius, a 'yan qasar na acquapendente wanda ya gama farko kujera na tiyata, kuma baya -. Department of Embryology da kuma ilmin jikin mutum. Fabricius wani almajiri da kuma bin G. Fallopian.

Mai ƙididdigewa ga nasarorin da Yahaya. Fabricius

Lokacin da Uilyam Garvey ya isa a PADUA, Yahaya. Fabricius ya riga a ci-gaba da shekaru. An rubuta yawancin ayyukansa, amma da aka ba a buga dukkan su. A mafi muhimmanci na ayyukan da ya yi aka dauke su "A cikin venous bawuloli." Sai aka buga a shekarar farko a PADUA Harvey. Duk da haka, Fabricius baya a 1578 ya nuna wadannan bawuloli dalibai. Ko da yake ya nuna cewa shi ne ko da yaushe a cikin shugabanci na zuciya ne bude entrances zuwa gare su, a cikin wannan al'amari da ya ga wani dangane da wurare dabam dabam. Fabrice aiki da wani babban tasiri a kan William Harvey, musamman, a kan littafin "A ci gaban qwai da kaza" (1619) da kuma "A cikin cikakke 'ya'yan itace" (1604).

nasu gwaje-gwajen

William nuna a kan irin rawa da wadannan bawuloli. Duk da haka, wasu masana kimiyya tunani isa. Abin da ake bukata wani gwaji, kwarewa. Kuma William ya fara gwaji a kansa. Bandaging hannunsa, ya gano cewa, shi da ewa ba zai zama kangararre kasa dressings, fata duhunta kuma kumbura jijiyoyinmu. Harvey sa'an nan ya sa da kwarewa a kan kare, wanda daura kafafuwansa biyu yadin da aka saka. Sake ƙafãfunsu kasa bandages fara kumbura, kumbura jijiyoyinmu. Lokacin da ya zira kwallon a kumbura jijiya a cikin kafa, daga yanke dripped duhu m jini. Sa'an nan Harvey zira kwallon jijiya a kan sauran kafar, amma yanzu sama ligation. Ba wanda drop of jini ba zub. A bayyane yake, Vienna kasa dressings cike da jini, amma a kan ligation na jini a shi ba. A ƙarshe ya nuna kanta game da abin da shi zai iya nufi. Duk da haka, Harvey to shi ba don hanzarta. Kamar yadda wani bincike, ya kasance sosai m, kuma a hankali bari su lura da gwaje-gwajen, ba rush karshe.

Komowa zuwa London, m gudanar da aiki

Harvey a 1602, Afrilu 25, ya kammala ilimi, zama likita. Ya koma London. Cambridge University an gane da wannan mataki, wanda, duk da haka, ba ya nufin cewa William na da hakkin ya tafiyar da likita yi. Duk da yake lasisi da College of Physicians ya fita. A 1603, Harvey, kuma ya jũya baya. guda spring ya gudanar Nazarin da amsa dukkan tambayoyin da "gamsarwa". Gudanar da aiki, aka kwantar da na gaba gwajin, wanda ya riƙi wani shekara. Harvey uku ya bayyana a gaban Hukumar.

Aiki a St Bartholomew ..

A 1604, 5 ga watan Oktoba, sai aka shigar da shi College members. Bayan shekaru uku, William ya zama cikakken memba. A 1609, ya kai} arar da tambayar su shiga da shi a asibiti na St. Bartholomew likita. Duk da yake ga likita da aka dauke shi sosai babbar aiki a asibiti, don haka ya request Harvey ya karfafa shugaban na Board of haruffa, kazalika da wasu daga membobinta, kuma ko da na sarki. Kai shi asibitin management m, da zaran free sarari. A 1690, Oktoba 14, William aka hukumance sa suna a cikin ma'aikatansa. Ya kamata a yi a kalla sau 2 a sati to ziyarci asibitin, don su bincika marasa lafiya da kuma rubũta musu magani. Marasa lafiya wani lokaci ana aika zuwa gidansa. Uilyam Garvey domin shekaru 20 ya yi aiki a asibitin, kuma wannan duk da cewa da kullum fadada ta London na tushen zaman kansa yi. Bugu da kari, ya ci gaba da ayyukan a College of Physicians da aiwatar da nasu gwaji bincike.

Jawabin a Lamlianskih karatu

Uilyam Garvey a 1613 an zabe shi a post na Sufeto College of Physicians. Kuma a cikin 1615, ya fara aiki a matsayin wani malami a Lamlianskih karatu. Su aka kafa ta Ubangiji Lumley a 1581. Makasudin biyã da karatu - tada matakin na likita ilimi a birnin London. All ilimi a lokacin da aka rage zuwa gaban a autopsies mãsu laifi wanda aka kashe. Wadannan jama'a bude 4 sau a shekara dace da Society of barbers da kuma likitoci College of Physicians. Malami, da yake magana a Lamlianskih karatu ya zuwa sau biyu a mako don ciyar hour lacca a lokacin shekara don tabbatar da cewa dalibai a shekaru 6 sun iya kammala cikakken hanya na tiyata, Anatomy da kuma magani. Wannan wajibi Uilyam Garvey, da bayar da gudunmawar da ilmin halitta ne invaluable, ya yi aiki na 41 shekaru. A daidai wannan lokaci da ya buga a cikin College. A dakin tarihi na Birtaniya a yau, da rubutum Notes Harvey zuwa laccoci, sai ya ciyar 16, 17 da kuma 18 Afrilu 1616. shi ne ake kira "lacca rubutu kan janar ilmin jikin mutum."

A ka'idar da wurare dabam dabam W. Harvey

A Frankfurt a 1628 an buga shi da aiki na William "The ilimin Halittar Jiki nazari na motsi na zuciya da jini a cikin dabbobi." An farko tsara ka'idarsa na dabam dabam da kuma kawo a cikin ta ni'imar gwaji shaida Uilyam Garvey. Taimako zuwa ga magani yi da su yana da matukar muhimmanci. William auna jimlar adadin jini, zuciya rate da systolic girma a cikin jiki, da tumaki, da kuma tabbatar da cewa duk da jini a minti biyu dole ne ratsa ta zuciya, da kuma bayan minti 30 da adadin jini ya wuce daidai cikin sharuddan dabba ta nauyi. Wannan na nufi cewa, akasin abin da aka ce Galen a kan kwarara daga sabon raka'a jini zuwa zuciya daga cikin gabobin da cewa samar da shi, ta rufe madauki ya dawo zuwa ga zuciya. A ƙulli daga cikin capillaries samar - kankanin shambura cewa connect da jijiyoyinmu kuma jijiyoyi.

William zama Life likita Charles I

A farkon 1631, ya zama dan kotu likita na Charles I Uilyam Garvey. Taimako ga kimiyya da malamin yabi sarki. Charles I zama sha'awar a gudanar da bincike na Harvey, a zubar da mai ilimin kimiyya na sarauta farauta filaye, wanda suke a Hampton Court kuma Windsor. Harvey amfani da su wajen gudanar da gwaje-gwajen. A 1633, a watan Mayu, ya raka Sarki William a lokacin da ya aikata da ya kai ziyara Scotland. Yana yiwuwa a lokacin zaman ku a Edinburgh ya halarci Bass Rock, inda cormorants gida, kazalika da sauran tsuntsaye. Harvey yayin da sha'awar a cikin matsalar da tayi raya dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsaye.

Motsi zuwa Oxford

A 1642, akwai wani yakin Edgehill (aukuwa na yakin basasa a Ingila). Uilyam Garvey ya tafi Oxford ga sarki. Nan shi ne ya sake tsunduma a likita yi da kuma ci gaba da gwaje-gwajen da kuma lura. Charles I a 1645, sai aka nada shugaban makaranta da William Merton College. Oxford a watan Yuni 1646 da aka kewaye da magoya bayan Cromwell da kuma kama su, kuma Harvey koma London. Game da yanayi na rayuwa da kuma ta darussa da dama m shekaru ba yawa ne da aka sani.

New ayyukan Harvey

Harvey a 1646 bayar 2 ilimin Halittar Jiki zane a Cambridge: "Nazarin daga wurare dabam dabam." A 1651 aka kuma buga biyu da muhimman hakkokin aikin taken "Nazarin na dabba da asali." Yana da aka Harvey ya takaita sakamakon bincike, wanda ya gudanar da shekaru da yawa a kan tayi ci gaban vertabrate da kwaro. Ya tsara ka'idar epigenesis. Kwai - na kowa farko manufa dabbobi kamar da'awar Uilyam Garvey. Taimako zuwa kimiyya, wanda da baya wasu sun rinjawarwa karyata wannan ka'idar, bisa ga abin da na qwai faruwa dukan abubuwa masu rai. Duk da haka, domin a cimma lokacin da Harvey yana da matukar muhimmanci. A iko impetus ga ci gaban m da msar tambayar cutukan fara gudanar da bincike a kan embryology, wanda za'ayi Uilyam Garvey. Da nasara da ta kulla da shi daraja ba kawai a cikin rayuwa, amma kuma har shekaru da yawa bayan mutuwarsa.

A karshe shekaru ransa

A takaice bayyana karshe shekaru na masanin kimiyya. Uilyam Garvey zuwa 1654 ya rayu a London a gidan ɗan'uwansa. (Ko unguwar Rohampton). Ya zama shugaban kasa na College of Physicians, amma ya yanke shawarar da wannan m zabe ofishin saboda dauke ma tsohon mata. A 1657, a ranar 3 Yuni, ya mutu a London, Uilyam Garvey. Taimako ga ilmin halitta na da shi ne da gaske mai girma, godiya ga shi, magani ya ci gaba ƙwarai.