Inda akwai rainforests? A fauna daga cikin Rainforest. A sauyin yanayi ne na wurare masu zafi Rainforest

Tropical gandun daji - wani "haske" na duniya, mafi daraja taska, da "Great Land kantin magani." Ga shi shekaru masu yawa da aka yi imani da cewa sun samar da babbar yawa oxygen, amma shi ba haka ba, amma damp sauyin yanayi na inganta m iska tacewa da tsarkakewa daga impurities. A wannan yanki ke tsiro mai yawa magani shuke-shuke, wanda ake amfani da ko'ina a jama'a da hukuma magani. Ina girma wurare masu zafi da gandun daji, gida zuwa wata babbar lamba na tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu cin nama, artiodactyla, amphibious halittu, su ko ta yaya rayu tare a wannan ƙasa, abin mamaki matafiya tare da multiplicity.

Yada na wurare masu zafi da gandun daji

Da zarar ya bayyana inda rainforests girma idan an bayyana cewa sun irin "zagaya" duniya a ekweita. Suna located in gumi Equatorial, na wurare masu zafi bushe, temperate subequatorial zones, wakiltar wani sarari line, katse kawai da duwãtsu, kuma tekuna. Dangane da iska zafin jiki da kuma hazo canje-canje ciyayi. Ruwa ƙasa rufe Evergreen Flora, drier yankuna halin da deciduous, kuma bi da savanna gandun daji. Kamar yadda a kudancin Amirka, da kuma Afirka suna located in yamma monsoon, gabas - da savanna, kuma a tsakiyar - da Equatorial gandun daji.

gandun daji da matakan

Description na Rainforest za a fi gane ta rarraba shi a cikin saukarwa. hudu na asali matakan za a iya bambanta. Marinjãya - shi ne wani Evergreen itace har zuwa 70 m tsayi, kore huluna su kullum ne kawai daga sama, amma daga kasa - danda kututturan. Wadannan Refayawa tare da wani matsaloli za su iya jure mahaukaciyar guguwa, zazzabi da tsakaitãwa, ya kange ta da wasu tiers daga yanayin. Babban gida a nan - da Eagles, malam, jemagu. To, akwai wani gandun daji alfarwa hada da 45-kafar itatuwa. A matakin da aka dauke su mafi bambancin rawanin, shi ya ƙunshi game da 25% na dukkan kwari jinsunan. Masana kimiyya sun yarda da cewa 40% na dukkan shuka iri a duniya ne a kan wannan bene, ko da yake da shi ba cikakken gane.

Abin da ya bi shi ne wani talakawan matakin, da ake kira understory, inda rayuwa macizai, da tsuntsaye, kadangaru, kwari, ma, mai girma lambar. A bene zuriyar dabbobi ne ragowar dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke Rotting. Irin wannan rabuwa ne mafi prevalent a cikin gumi yammacin sahara. A nan, misali, Jungle - gandun daji na South America - shi ne raba cikin uku matakan. A farko - cikin ciyawa, low shuke-shuke, ferns, da kuma na biyu - kara, low shrubs, matasa itatuwa, da kuma na uku - a 40-mita high itatuwa.

Daga cewa, inda akwai rainforests dogara rinjaye a irin wadannan Flora da fauna. Misali, mangoro ne kowa a kasar Equatorial kuma wurare masu zafi latitudes a yankunan tidal makada seashores. Ga shuke-shuke girma saba yi ba tare da oxygen da kuma kyau kwarai Feel a m gona. Asallanta haifar da wani kyakkyawan yanayi ga mazauninsu na oysters, crustaceans, kasuwanci nau'in kifi. A kan gangara a yankin na sandaro hazo ko hazo gansakuka girma gandun daji hankula low dare yanayin zafi.

A yankunan m mamaye savanna da Rainforest, amma bushe. A tsire-tsire ne Evergreen, amma xeromorphic da undersized. A cikin yankuna na kasar Equatorial kuma wurare masu zafi da zones da sãɓãwar launukansa canjin yanayin girma m-gumi gandun daji halayyar deciduous gini, kuma a kananan adadin na inabõbi, kuma epiphytes. Aka sãme su a kudancin Amirka, Afirka, Sri Lanka, Indiya da kuma Indochina.

A sauyin yanayi ne na wurare masu zafi Rainforest

A wurare masu zafi da ruwan sama gandun daji zazzabi jeri daga 20 ° C zuwa 35 ° C, ruwan sama a nan ne kusan kullum, don haka zafi da aka sa a 80%, da kuma a wasu yankunan a matsayin babban matsayin 100%. A subtropics ba seasonality, da zazzabi halayyar zaman lafiya. A gangara inda hazo lura a rana zafi, da kuma yiwu a dare kaifi sanyaya zuwa 0 ° C. A sauyin yanayi ne na wurare masu zafi gandun daji dabam dangane da zone. A yammacin sahara, high zafin jiki da kuma low zafi, da yawa daga danshi a ekweita da zafi sosai, da kuma yanayin subequatorial zone dogara a kan monsoon.

wurare masu zafi da itatuwa

The itatuwa na wurare masu zafi da gandun daji ne sosai daban-daban daga temperate sauyin yanayi itatuwa. A kan fasalin da su ci gaba da fama da yanayi, domin a ekweita akwai seasonality, ta ruwa kusan a kowace rana, da kuma iska zafin jiki ne 25-35 ° C. Idan Rasha Refayawa suna girma ga ƙarni, kuma akwai isasshen for 10-15 shekaru. Kowane irin itace zubar da ganye a tsananin ayyana lokaci lokaci, shi yana iya zama sau biyu a shekara, sau daya a cikin shekaru 2-3. Su Bloom ma, a duk lokacin da suka so, da yawa wakilan Flora m launuka sau daya a cikin shekaru goma. Bishiyoyi masu manyan leathery ganye, da karfi isa yin tsayayya da iko shawa kwarara. A yammacin sahara ta tsiro fiye da 600 jinsunan bamboo, a cakulan itace, wata itãciya kan gungumen azaba, Marang, jackfruit, breadfruit, mangoro da sauransu.

m shrubs

Quite rigima ne tambaya na ko akwai a cikin Rainforest shrub Layer. A subtropical da temperate zones shi ne, amma a cikin Equatorial - babu. Hakika, akwai wakilan da bushes, amma su ne 'yan da nasu matakin, ba su halicci. Tare da su girma herbaceous fanerofity tsare kara daga daya zuwa shekaru da dama, da kuma tsumburai itatuwa. Wadannan sun hada da mambobi daga cikin iyalan stsitaminovyh, Maratova da ayaba. Mai shrubs kasance a cikin bipartite ganye da manyan, amma m.

ganye Rainforest

Ina girma wurare masu zafi da gandun daji, mamaye biyu kungiyoyin na ganye: inuwa-auna da kuma inuwa-m. A farko fi son girma da muhimmanci a shaded yankunan, da kuma karshen ne su iya ci gaba kullum karkashin rufaffiyar gandun daji alfarwa. Ka lura da cewa ko da a nan da rana da magariba mulki, saboda rana ta haskoki ba zai iya samu ta hanyar da yawa rawanin itatuwa. Herbaceous shuke-shuke a cikin tropics ba haka ba ne da yawa, daga cikinsu aka mamaye ferns, ciyawa, Selaginella. Ga gajeren ciyawa kamata hada fanerofity, da mai tushe na wanda ba ya canja shekaru da dama. Har ila yau kada ka manta game vneyarusnyh shuke-shuke: epiphytes, inabõbi, kara parasites, strangler.

Birds tropics

A budurwa gandun daji ne gida zuwa wani wuce yarda da kyau, mai haske, da wani sabon abu tsuntsu bayyanar. Kowane guda na duniya ba za su iya alfahari da wasu tsuntsaye irinsu. Alal misali, a cikin tropics na Asia live turac a cikin bayyanar da suka yi kama da partridges, kawai dan kadan ya fi girma. Sun gudu da sauri, don haka idan akwai hatsari, kada dauki kashe, da kuma cewa akwai sojojin skedaddle. A gandun daji ne ma gida goge hens, pheasants, peacocks regal. A cikin American yammacin sahara za a iya samu tinamous - bad tsuntsu da wani gajeren amma sosai karfi kafafu. To, ta yaya za ku yi tunãni ba da haske, gaisuwa da kuma talkative aku, ba tare da wanda ba shi ya yammacin sahara da kuma yammacin sahara. Bugu da kari, a ekweita, rayuwa 'ya'yan kurciya, trogony, woodpecker, flycatchers, hornbills. A cikin gandun daji na Amazon akwai Humming birds, tanagers, m zakaru, kotingi da yawa wasu.

dabbobi

A fauna daga cikin Rainforest rinjayar da bambancin da jinsunan richness. A mafi girma da lambar shi ne wani rukuni na birai da cewa rayuwa high daga itãce, kuma a cikin impenetrable thickets. The mafi ban sha'awa na su - shi tsebidy, callitrichidae da arachnids na iyali. Igrunkoobraznye halin da sosai kananan size, a tsawon suka isa babu fiye da 15 cm, tsebidy iya fariya dogon wutsiya, wanda suka tsunduma ga reshe, kuma gizogizo birai da m da kuma dogon wata gabar jiki.

Amma da fauna na wurare masu zafi da gandun daji ba a iyakance ga birai, ma gida anteaters, sloths, porcupines. Daga cikin yara mamaye cat - Jaguar, jaguarundi, ocelots, damisa, daga iyali kare - kare SPRAY. Akwai ungulates - tapirs, deer spitserogie. Tropical gandun daji ma mai arziki a cikin hakori - possums, opossum, jemagu, agouti.

halittar dabba mai kafafuwa tropics

A fadi da dama halittar dabba mai kafafuwa da kuma dabbobi masu rarrafe da wani wurare masu zafi da gandun daji. Photos of m macizai, frogs, crocodiles, hawainiya, kadangaru an daina dauke rare. Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa da ake samu a dukan sassa na duniya, amma mafi girma da lambar da aka lura a wurare masu zafi da ruwan sama gandun daji, kamar yadda suka suna janyo hankalin da zafi da kuma danshi. A ekweita su zama ba fãce a cikin ruwa amma kuma a kan itatuwa, a cikin axils na ganye a cikin hollows. A yammacin sahara, gida salaman yawa macizai masu zafin dafi, da manyan tartsatsi ruwa da kuma ƙasar anaconda Boa constrictor.

kwari

Duk da yake wasu dabbobi rayuwa a cikin Rainforest, za mu iya ɗauka cewa kwari ne babu kasa m, sabon abu da kuma m. Wadannan kananan halittu janyo hankalin da zafi na yammacin sahara, high zafi da kuma fadi da dama na abinci - ragowar dabbobi da yawa shuke-shuke. A ekweita, za ka iya samun saba ƙudan zuma da kuma wasps, kawai a nan su ne bambanta da ya fi girma size da kuma haske, m launi for mu. Daga cikin su akwai wakilan tare da dogon kafafu, blue fuka-fuki da kuma babban akwati, su sami damar hora da manyan beetles da gizo-gizo. Mutane da yawa shrubs ne kumbura kututturan - wannan tururuwa gida. Ants kare shuke-shuke a cikin tropics, kuma wani ganye-ci cin kwari.

Beetles muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rayuwar Rainforest ba wasa, amma kowane matafiyi za a fascinated da su iri-iri da kuma bambancin. Wadannan kwari ne na halitta ado na wannan godforsaken yankin. Hakika, wanda ba zai iya manta da game da wurare masu zafi malam, kawai a kudancin Amirka, akwai fiye da 700 jinsunan wadannan ban mamaki tãlikai. Dabbobi, da kuma shuke-shuke na wurare masu zafi da gandun daji ne na musamman, ba a sani ba mutane na duniya. Da masu bincike a shekara yi musu da hanyarsu zurfi a cikin thickets, don ya dauke da labulen asiri, wanda ya rike wannan yankin, a sami sabon jinsunan Flora da fauna.