Ionic bond

A samuwar wani sinadaran bond ya shafi wani tsari na redistribution na electron yawa, asali mallakar daban-daban kwayoyin halitta. Saboda gaskiya cewa electrons ake externally hade da core kasa m, kuma sun yi wani muhimman hakkokin rawa a cikin samuwar fili. Yawan sadarwa, wanda aka kafa ta zarra a cikin fili, da ake kira valence. Haka kuma, musharaka a cikin samuwar electrons saboda ake magana valence electrons. A cikin sharuddan makamashi akwai kwayoyin halitta daban-daban da kwanciyar hankali. A mafi barga ne wanda a waje matakin akwai biyu ko takwas electrons (matsakaicin adadin). Wannan matakin zai sa'an nan a yi la'akari da cikakken. Irin wannan ƙãre matakan halayyar kwayoyin halitta na dauke a daraja gas. A wannan connection, a al'ada yanayi, su ne a cikin wani Jihar monoatomic gas, chemically inert.

Ga wasu atomic abubuwa halayyar da ba a kare ba matakan. Lokacin da wani sinadaran dauki auku waje domin kammala matakan. Wannan shi ne saboda da recoil electrons ko makala, kazalika da kafa da na kowa tururi. Saboda haka, kafa covalent da ionic bonding. Kadarorin kwayoyin halitta a cikinsa bayyana a cikin su nema don saya lantarki kwanciyar hankali waje dabi'u. Yana zai zama ko dai a biyu-electron, ko vosmielektronnoy. Wannan dokar da aka dauke kafuwar ka'idar wani sinadaran bond.

Formation na fili ya auku, tare da zabin da wani isasshe manyan adadin kuzari. A wasu kalmomin, dangane samuwar aka yi exothermically. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa akwai sabon barbashi (kwayoyin) cewa kullum mallaka mafi girma kwanciyar hankali.

Electronegativity ne mai babbar nuni da cewa yanayin da kunno kai sadarwa. Wannan halayyar da aka bayyana a cikin ikon jawo hankalin electrons da sunadaran wasu kwayoyin halitta.

A electrostatic janye tsakanin ions - shi ne ionic sinadaran bond. Irin wannan hulda mai yiwuwa ne tsakanin kwayoyin halitta da daban-daban electronegativity gunaguni ƙwarai. Ionic bond suranta daidai ionic mahadi. Sun kunshi mutum kwayoyin kawai a cikin tururi jihar. Ionic bond a cikin mahadi daga cikin crystalline (m) jiha hada da maida martani ions (tabbatacce kuma korau) shirya kai a kai. A wannan yanayin, kwayoyin ne mãsu fakowa ba.

A mahadi wanda aka halin da ionic bond, kafa abubuwa na babban subgroups 1,2,6,7 kungiyoyin. Irin wannan mahadi gwada da 'yan. Wadannan sun hada da, misali, ya kamata hada da inorganic salts (NH4Cl), saltlike kwayoyin abubuwa (amines da sauran salts).

Nonpolar covalent da ionic bond ne matuƙa biyu na rarraba da electron yawa. Domin na farko halayyar tsakanin wannan uniform rarraba barbashi (kwayoyin halitta) bonding biyu na electron girgije. A cikin wannan mahallin, ionic electron girgije ne da kusan gaba ɗaya zuwa daya daga cikin sunadaran. Duk da haka, a mafi yawan maida martani mahadi a wani tsaka-tsaki matakin. A wasu kalmomin, sai suka samar da iyakacin duniya covalent bond.

A dauki cewa ya auku saboda da samuwar electron nau'i-nau'i shared, shi ne covalent. Covalent bond bayyana saboda da hulda da sunadaran da daban-daban electronegativity, an dauke iyakacin duniya. A electron yawa daga cikin bonding electron biyu da aka canja zuwa zarra, wanda eletkrootritsatelnost more. Kamar yadda misalai kwayoyin kamar H2S, NH3, H2O, da sauransu. A cikin wadannan mahadi, bayyanar covalent (iyakacin duniya da kuma nonpolar) sadarwa ne saboda da unpaired electrons daura kwayoyin halitta.