Cytogenetic hanya domin nazarin gadar hali

Cytogenetics ne mai raba reshe na rukunan gadar hali, wanda ya yi nazarin daban-daban, na farko ya lura (explicate) kafofin watsa labarai dauke da bayani game da kwayoyin gado. Irin wannan dako ne daban-daban chromosome iri (polytene, mitotic da meiotic) plastids, Interphase nuclei, da kuma wani karami har - mitochondria.

Haka kuma, da cytogenetic hanya ne mai sa na hanyoyi da fasahar binciken farko chromosomes a lokacin da kafa su gwada yawa siga da aka yi da sinadaran-nazarin halittu description, mu gudanar da bincike da tsarin da kuma halaye na hali a lokacin cell division. Kimiyya Makasudin wannan nazari ne kafa dangantaka tsakanin yanayi da kuma muhimmancin canje-canje a chromosome tsarin da juna, nuna da canzawa daga cututtuka.

Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci yankunan bincike cewa ya nuna cytogenetic hanya ne don nazarin mutum karyotype. A binciken da aka kullum da za'ayi a kan al'adun da rabo ya auku da kuma jima'i da somatic Kwayoyin.

Mafi na kowa al'ada domin wannan irin bincike - gefe jini Kwayoyin kamar lymphocytes, fibroblasts da kuma bargo Kwayoyin. Mafi m al'adu, amfani da likita cytogenetics ne jini lymphocytes. Dalilin wannan shi ne cewa, kamar yadda mai mulkin, su ne batun bincike a cikin postnatal lokaci. Lokacin da nazarin karyotype fetal cytogenetic Hanyar shafi yin amfani da salula al'adu, da zabi na abin da shi ne saboda da dalilai da dama. Cif tsakanin wadannan ne lokaci na ciki. Alal misali, tare da kasa da 12 makonni, cytogenetic bincike na chromosomes ne mafi kyau da za'ayi tare da sa hannu na chorionic Kwayoyin, da kuma lokacin da ciki ne a kan 12 makonni, shi ne bu mai kyau a yi la'akari da nazari na fetal Kwayoyin. A saboda wannan dalili, su ne musamman rarrabe daga mahaifa da fetal jini.

Don sanin karyotype cytogenetic hanya domin karatu gado na bukatar samun wani jini samfurin a cikin wani adadin ba kasa da 2.1 ml. A wannan yanayin, da hanyar da kanta ya shafi gudanar da bincike, kunsha na uku main bulan:

- warewa da kuma culturing da Kwayoyin a cikin abin da analysis za a za'ayi.

- foda miyagun ƙwayoyi.

- cikakken bincike da miyagun ƙwayoyi a karkashin hange.

Tasiri cytogenetic Hanyar halittar jini na iya zama kawai a lokacin da wadannan yanayi da ake sadu. Da fari dai, akwai kasance wani adadi na sel a metaphase mataki. Abu na biyu, da namo kamata a da za'ayi tsananin daidai da kafa dokoki da kuma na tsawon ba kasa da sa'o'i 72. Abu na uku, kam na Kwayoyin kamata a yi da wani bayani da acetic acid da kuma methanol a cikin wani rabo daga cikin wadannan abubuwa kawai 3: 1.

A mataki na shiri domin zanen cytogenetic nazarin launi selection aka sanya shan la'akari da sosai manufar da binciken, wato, abin da irin maye gurbi ya kamata a bincika. A mafi yawan lokuta, yin amfani da wani ci gaba da rini hanya, tun da shi ne mafi sauki domin sanin gwada yawa siga na chromosomes. Modern bincike ya fi amfani da hanyar na batawa domin sanin karyotype munanan a cikin quantified. Amma irin wannan cytogenetic dabara ya sa ya yiwu domin sanin da kuma gano tsarin muhimmancin chromosomes. Saboda haka, amfani da wasu na musamman da hanyoyin da ba ka damar neutralize da hasara da ci gaba da rini. Mafi na kowa daga wadannan, kamar Hanyar bambanci batawa, da G-hanya, R-Hanyar da sauran.

Kuma a karshe, na uku lokaci na nazari ne microscopic binciken stained chromosomes ne a kan metaphase mataki. A lokacin da ya sa yawan al'ada da kuma mahaukaci jihar da kwayoyin a cikin mutum fetal Kwayoyin. A saboda wannan dalili, kamar yadda mai mulkin, da bincike na mahara kyallen takarda.