"Pedagogical waka" Makarenko. Takaitacciyar da "Pedagogical waka" Makarenko

"Pedagogical waka" Makarenko, da abun ciki wanda shi ne duka wani m jagora zuwa kiwon cikakken dan kasa na al'umma kuma m wallafe-wallafen aikin - daya daga cikin "lu'ulu'u" na Soviet wallafe-wallafe. Abubuwan da suka faru da aka bayyana a cikin labari, autobiographical, da haruffa ne real sunayen, ciki har da marubucin kansa. Key a cikin pedagogical tsarin Makarenko ne ra'ayin ilimi na yaro ta hali ta cikin tawagar. Amincewa da wannan shawara, a gaskiya, kishin "Pedagogical waka" Makarenko. Takaitacciyar, kazalika da labari kansa kunshi 3 sassa da kuma 15 surori (ciki har da epilogue). A daidai wannan lokaci da waka da aka zahiri halitta "zafi bi", kai tsaye a kan aiwatar da mallaka rayuwa.

"Pedagogical waka" Makarenko: summary da babi

Da abun ciki na labari akwai da dama key maki: tushe na mallaka, bayyanar da farko mulkin mallaka da kuma na farko da matsaloli, "tipping" batu a cikin hali na dalibai, tawagar gini, zamantakewa hulda.

fara mataki

A mataki na waka daukan wuri a cikin 20-ies a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. The labari ne daga fuskar marubucin (Anton Makarenko). "Pedagogical waka" ta fara da cewa protagonist na mallaka kafa su. Gorky a Poltava for titi yara, a tsakanin wanda aka matasa masu laifi. Bugu da kari ga Makarenko, pedagogical ma'aikatan na mallaka kunshi biyu malamai (Ekateriny Grigorevny da Lydia Petrovna) da kuma daya Sufeto (Kalina Ivanovich). Tare da kayan taimakon lafiyar da kyau kamar yadda wuya - yawancin gwamnatin dukiya da aka hankali washe wabtansu na mallaka.

A farko mulkin mallaka

A farko abõkan mallaka sun yara shida (hudu da aka riga 18 years old): Burun Bendyuk, Volohov, Hood, babbar sha'awa, kuma Taranets. Duk da dumi (zuwa mutuža halatta mallaka yanayi) yarda, nan gaba mulkin mallaka su bayyanar nan da nan ya bayyana a fili cewa rãyukansu, sũ ne ba musamman m. Game da horo da shi ba: da mulkin mallaka kawai watsi da malaman na iya shiga cikin gari, maraice da kuma komawa kawai da safe. Bayan sati daya kisan kai da fashi da makami da aka kama Bendyuk. Yi wasu chores mulkin mallaka, ma, ya ki.

Wannan ci gaba watanni da dama. Amma da zarar yanayin da ake ciki ya canja da cika fuska. A lokacin da a cikin shakka daga cikin na gaba altercation Makarenko rasa ya fushi da kuma buga daya daga cikin mulkin mallaka a gaban wasu, da almajirin ba zato ba tsammani canza halinsu da mallaka da kuma ta dokoki. Domin da farko lokacin da suka tafi don su yanke itace, a kyau bangaskiya yi ta aiki har zuwa karshen. "Mun ba haka ba ne bad, Anton Semenovich! - ya ce a karshen Makarenko "wanda aka azabtar" colonist. - Yana zai zama shi ke nan. Mun fahimta. " Wannan shi ne farkon da na gama mulkin mallaka.

Dokokin a cikin mallaka

A hankali, manajan kulawa don shirya wasu horo a cikin mallaka. "Malina" da aka soke. Daga yanzu, kowa da kowa ya kamata tsaftace su gadaje a cikin dakuna kwana ana nada wajibi. Barin ba tare da izni na mallaka aka hana. Warware ba a yarda da baya. Har ila yau, duk dalibai dole ne dole halarci makaranta.

Dabam gabatar da matsalar satar, a cikin aikin "Pedagogical waka" Makarenko. Takaitacciyar, bayar da kasa, kawai jaddada wannan. The tawagar dalibai a lokacin akwai game da talatin mutane. Abinci ba ko da yaushe isa. A mulkin mallaka sata guzuri daga sito. da zarar a kai na samarwar kudi. A koli zama sata kudi daga tsohuwar Ladies, da housekeeper, wanda aka bauta wa a cikin mallaka. Makarenko ya fi dacewa da aikace-aikace, da barawo samu. Anton Semenovich koma ga Hanyar "Mutane kotun". Burun (colonist, kaso na sata) sa kafin na gama. Almajirin yi fushi da rashin ladabi, shirya kansu da raunata azãba a gare shi. A sakamakon haka, Burun aika karkashin kama. Bayan wannan lamarin, da almajiri ya daina sata.

Formation tawagar

A hankali kafa wani real tawagar a cikin mallaka. Almajirin an shiryar da ba kawai a kan kanmu amma a kan wasu. A gagarumin lokacin a cikin aiki "Pedagogical waka" Makarenko (summary tabbatarwa) shi ne ya halicci sintiri. A mulkin mallaka ta shirya sa kai hari tsaron gida yankin daga looters, mafarauta da sauransu. Duk da cewa da mazaunan da suke kewaye da ƙasar da tsoro koma zuwa irin wannan umarni, sau da yawa raba su daga gida, maharan ga mulkin mallaka na tawagar, shi ne mai babbar mataki a ci gaba. Tsohon laifi sun iya jin cikakken membobin jama'a, suka amfana da jihar.

Bi da bi, kuma da shi ne girma da abota da mulkin mallaka a cikin tawagar. Rayayye amfani da manufa da "daya ga duk kuma duk daya."

housewarming

Akwai wani wuri da kuma tarihin asali a cikin littafin "Pedagogical waka" Makarenko. Short abun ciki na aiki ba zai iya miss wannan batu: a shekarar 1923, da mallaka koma zuwa wani watsi Estate Bashing. Ga mulkin mallaka sarrafa gane su mafarki na aikin noma. Kullum, da rabo daga dalibai zuwa da mazauna kasance nisa kira daga abin da shi ne a farkon. Duk da mutane suna da gaskiya dauke shi gidansa, kowane yin da kansa taimako ga rai na naúra da kuma na gama dangantakar. A sashen na mallaka bayyana maƙeri, kafinta, da sauransu. Banĩ hankali fara zuwa Master aiki fannoni.

A cikin mallaka na ƴan akwai wani sabon so - wasan kwaikwayo. Su sa a kan kwaikwaiyo, nã kiran su ne mazauna yankin. A hankali, da gidan wasan kwaikwayo zama real shahararsa. Har ila yau, dalibai fara dace tare da shahararrun Soviet marubuci Maxim Gorky.

A 1926 da boys matsawa zuwa Kuryazh don tsara rayuwa a cikin gida kurkuku, wanda ke cikin yanayin talauci. Ba kawai mazauna dauki Gorkyites. Na sami shi da wuya a kawo su zuwa taron. A karo na farko, babu wani daga Kuryazhsky mulkin mallaka ba ya so ya yi aiki - duk da aikin dole a yi bawa Makarenko. Popular sau da yawa akwai ta faɗa ga aikace-aikace ko da ya zo Hukumar Binciken. A a layi daya, inganta iko a kan wani ɓangare na hukumomi na Makarenko ayyukan. Ya pedagogical ra'ayoyi da hanyoyin su ne ba kawai magoya bayan amma kuma abokan adawar, a wannan batun, kara matsa lamba a kan malami. Duk da haka, janar sojojin Makarenko da Gorkyites hankali sarrafa kafa wani rai Kuryazhsky mulkin mallaka da kuma shirya wani real cikakken fledged sandarka. Apogee a cikin rayuwar na mallaka zama ta ziyarci Maxim Gorky.

ƙarshe

A sakamakon haka, da matsa lamba Makarenko dole ya bar mallaka. Ga shekara bakwai, Anton Semenovich dubawa yara aiki ƙungiya OGPU mai suna bayan fe Dzerzhinsky. A duk da mahara sukar, Makarenko taimako ga ilimi na wani rukuni na yara ne sosai mai daraja ta zamani pedagogy. Makarenko tsarin da mabiyansa, ciki har da tsakanin tsohon abõkan mallaka. "Pedagogical waka" Makarenko - wani samfurin da babbar, nauyi, amma shi ne wuce yarda da muhimmanci, babban aikin da malami, iyaka feat.

A sakamakon da aikin, kamar yadda za mu iya gani daga samfurin na "Pedagogical waka" Makarenko (a takaice wannan jaddada), aka sake fiye da 3,000 mulkin mallaka da suka zama cikakken fledged 'yan ƙasa na Soviet al'umma. A ƙayyadaddu na ilimi aikin da aka nuna a lamba na adabi ayyukan Makarenko. "Pedagogical waka" a takaice ya bayyana ka'idodi na ta ilimi da ayyukan a yi.