Ayyukan ilimi. Hanyar da manufar

A hadaddun na matakan da nufin a cikin rigakafin m ayyuka, mayar da hankali a kan tasiri a kan mutum, ilimi aikin bautar wani rinjaye matsayi. A wannan yanayin, ana iya amfani da irin wannan tasiri ga yara da matasa, da kuma mutanen da suka tsufa.

Babban hanyoyin da ilimi aikin ne:

• Tattaunawa, tattaunawa da laccoci;
• Ayyukan hadin gwiwa da darussa na mutum;
• Shawarar wallafe-wallafe da fina-finai;
• Wasanni.

A lokacin da zabar wani Hanyar shi wajibi ne don la'akari da yanayi a wanda yake educability, matakin sirri ci gaba, a shirye yarda da bayanai, da adequacy na hanyoyin da dabarun amfani, da mataki na aiki da gwajin a cikin tsari, a wasu kalmomin, "a kan", kuma da dama wasu dalilai.

A rayuwa ta al'ada, tsarin ilimi ya rubuta "a rubuce" a kowane bangare (iyali, ma'aikata ilimi ko ƙungiya a aiki, abokai, abokai, abokai, kafofin watsa labarai, da dai sauransu). A wannan yanayin, rashin gazawa ko tasirin da aka yi wa mutumin ba koyaushe yana lura da kuma dakatar da lokaci ba. A wannan yanayin ne aikin ilimi ya zama mafi wuya. Don canza yanayin yanayin halin da ake ciki, don nuna rashin daidaituwa da ka'idojin da aka yarda a cikin ƙungiyar mai magana (ma'ana) shine aikin mai ilmantarwa.

Similar matsaloli da fuskantar da kwararru, wanda ayyukan suna da alaka da hali na ilimi da ayyukan a cibiyoyin (correctional mazauna, gidãjenku "wuya" matasa, da dai sauransu). Ayyukan ilmantarwa a cikin wadannan lokuta yana da nau'o'in nuances. Ka ambaci wasu daga cikinsu.

Ayyukan ilmantarwa tare da yara "masu wuya"

Mahimman ka'idodin wannan hulɗar sun fara da malamar malamin Makarenko. Duk da kusan karni na tarihi, ba su rasa halayensu ba kuma suna da matakan tasiri. Babban manufofin gina tsarin ilimi shine kamar haka:

• Ilimi tare da alamar "+" (dogara ga dalibi, karfafawa akan ayyukan tare da alamar "+", la'akari da ra'ayi da kuma son kai ga yaro / yarinya, taimakawa da kuma taimakawa cikin bincikensa cikin halin kirki, kare kariya ga ɗalibai da taimakawa wajen warware matsaloli).
• Ka'idodin aikin likita na ilimi (yin la'akari da duk abubuwan da suka shafi rayuwar mutum da kuma tasirin hali na dalibi, gina tsarin tsarin jituwa tsakanin bangarorin zamantakewar zamantakewa da kuma zamantakewar al'umma, taimakawa wajen fahimta da kuma nazarin bayanan da ke fitowa daga wasu tushe).
• Ɗaukarwa (sauraron ga canzawar hali na kowane yaro, da zabi na hanyoyi da hanyoyi daidai da halaye na mutum, baza a samu nasara ga ɗalibai ba ta hanyar mummunan shafi wasu).

Ayyukan ilmantarwa tare da yara, waɗanda aka gina tare da waɗannan ka'idodi a hankali, zasu sa ya yiwu don cimma nasara ga malami ko kula da cibiyoyin.

Wani nau'i na aiki shine aikin ilimi tare da masu yarda. Sakamakonsa shine ƙayyadadden ƙayyadaddun da aka sanya wa mutane ta wurin ƙayyadaddun wurin wurin zama. A cikin tsarin gyaran gyare-gyare, alal misali, ba duk hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su ba. Lokacin zabar hanyar aiki, wajibi ne a la'akari ba kawai halaye na sirri na kowane fursunoni ba, har ma da irin mulkin mallaka, lokaci na azabtarwa da nau'in abun ciki.

Kamar yadda manyan hanyoyi a cikin waɗannan yanayi suna amfani da ƙungiyar wasanni da al'adu, kallon fina-finai da karatun littattafai. Mai nuna alama ga aikin ci gaba ba zai dace da ka'idoji da ake buƙata daga fursunoni ba, amma sha'awar sha'awar shiga cikin ayyukan jama'a,
Dangantakar da ke cikin hulɗar ɗan adam a cikin yanayi na ciki, canji na halayen halayen, da dai sauransu. Tabbas, aikin ilimi bai kamata ya dakatar ko da bayan mutum ya bar aikin gyara. Rashin yiwuwar daidaitawa a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum zai iya rage yawan ƙoƙari na 'yan ilmantarwa da mutumin da kansa.