Wanne ruwa freezes sauri: zafi ko sanyi? Abin da yake ya dogara

A gaskiya, wasu ruwa freezes sauri, zafi ko sanyi, ta shafa al'amurra da dama, amma tambaya da kanta alama a bit m. An gane, kuma shi ne da aka sani daga kimiyyar lissafi da cewa ruwan zafi har yanzu yana bukatar lokaci su kwantar da ruwan sanyi zafin jiki ne idan aka kwatanta da ya tũba zuwa kankara. Ruwan sanyi iya tsallake wannan mataki da kuma, bi da bi, kan lokaci shi ya lashe. Amma amsar wannan tambaya kamar abin da ruwa freezes sauri - zafi ko sanyi - a waje a cikin sanyi, ya san kowane mazauni na arewacin latitudes. A gaskiya, a wani kimiyya hanya, ta bayyana cewa a cikin wani hali, da ruwan sanyi ne kawai zamar masa dole ya daskare sauri.

Just na yi tunani da kuma kimiyyar lissafi malami, wanda ya juya dalibi Erasto Mpemba a shekarar 1963 tare da bukatar bayyana dalilin da ya sanyi cakuda gaba ice cream daskarewa fiye kama, amma zafi.

"Yana da ba a duniya kimiyyar lissafi, da kuma wasu kimiyyar lissafi Mpemba"

A wancan lokaci, malamin kawai dariya game da shi, amma Deniss Osborne, farfesa kimiyyar lissafi, wanda da zarar koro zuwa wannan makaranta, inda ya yi karatu Erasto, gwaje tabbatar da wanzuwar irin wannan sakamako, ko da yake wani bayani idan ba. A shekarar 1969, a shahararriyar mujallar kimiyyar wallafa wani hadin gwiwa takarda na biyu maza, waɗanda suka yi bayyana wannan irin sakamako. Tun daga nan, a hanya, da tambaya da wanda ruwa freezes sauri - zafi ko sanyi, yana da sunan - sakamako ko paradox Mpemba.

The tambaya tashi dogon da suka wuce

Babu shakka, kafin wannan sabon abu ya faru ya zama, kuma shi aka ambata a cikin ayyukansu na sauran malamai. Ba wai kawai da dalibi sha'awar wannan tambaya, amma kuma your lokaci tunanin cewa Frensis Bekon, Rene Dekart, kuma ko da Aristotle. Wannan kawai kusanta ne a wurin warware wannan paradox fara duba kawai a karshen karni na ashirin da.

Yanayi da paradox faru

Kamar yadda a yanayin saukan ice cream, ba kawai talakawa ruwa freezes a lokacin gwaji. Akwai ya zama wani yanayi domin fara muhawara wadda ruwa freezes sauri - zafi ko sanyi. Abin da ke shafar cikin shakka daga cikin tsari?

Yanzu, a cikin 21st karni, sa a gaba a yawan zabin wanda zai iya bayyana paradox danyj. Abin da ruwa freezes sauri, zafi ko sanyi, zai dogara ne a kan gaskiyar cewa da ruwan zafi yana da fiye da sanyi, da kudi na evaporation. Saboda haka, ta girma rage-rage, da kuma zama karami kamar ƙarar tayi daskarewa lokaci, fiye da idan muka dauki wannan asali girma na ruwan sanyi.

An dade an defrosted injin daskarewa

A gaskiya, wasu ruwa freezes sauri, kuma me ya sa wannan yake faruwa, za su iya shafar snow rufi cewa zai iya faru a cikin injin daskarewa firiji, amfani ga gwaji. Idan muka dauki biyu kwantena ne m, a size, amma a daya daga cikinsu zai zama ruwan zafi, da kuma a cikin sauran - sanyi ruwa ganga da zafi narke a karkashin dusar ƙanƙara, sa'an nan inganta thermal lamba Layer tare da firiji bango. A ganga tare da ruwan sanyi ba zai iya yin wannan. Idan irin wannan rufi tare da dusar ƙanƙara a cikin firiji ba ruwan sanyi kamata dimi sauri.

Top - tushe

Har ila yau, sabon abu na wanda ruwa freezes sauri - zafi ko sanyi, ya bayyana kamar haka. Wadannan wasu dokoki, da ruwan sanyi fara daskare daga saman yadudduka a lokacin da zafi ya aikata shi da sauran hanyar da kewaye - fara daskare daga kasa zuwa sama. Kamar wancan ne ta bayyana cewa ruwan sanyi, da ciwon saman Layer da sanyi wuraren riga ya kafa kankara kanta tabarbarewa.Idan haka tafiyar matakai na convection kuma thermal radiation, game da shi, ya bayyana abin da ruwa freezes sauri - zafi ko sanyi. Hotuna daga mai son gwaje-gwajen a haɗe, kuma a nan shi ne a fili a bayyane.

Heat ta fito, saiti sama, kuma akwai hadu da wani sosai sanyi gado. Free hanya don zafi radiation bai samu ba, saboda sanyaya tsari ya zama da wahala. Irin wannan matsalar a cikin hanyar yana da babu albarkacin ruwan zafi. Abin da freezes sauri - zafi ko sanyi, ya dogara a kan abin da m sakamako, za a iya mika martani da cewa wani ruwa yana wani abu da narkar da a cikinta.

Impurities a cikin ruwa abun da ke ciki kamar yadda wani factor shafi qarshe na

Idan ba yaudara da kuma yin amfani da ruwa da guda abun da ke ciki, cikinsa da taro na wasu abubuwa ne m, sa'an nan da ruwan sanyi ya kamata a daskarewa hanzari. Amma idan wannan halin da ake ciki na faruwa a lokacin da narkar da sinadaran abubuwa samuwa ne kawai a cikin ruwan zafi da kuma ruwan sanyi a lokaci guda ba su yi, to, shi ne zai yiwu a yi ruwan zafi daskare kafin. Dalilin shi ne, solutes a cikin ruwa haifar da crystallization cibiyoyin, kuma tare da wani karamin yawan wadannan cibiyoyin juya ruwa a cikin m jihar ne wuya. Watakila ma cika da qarfin ruwa, a ji cewa a cikin sub-sifili zazzabi, zai kasance a cikin wani ruwa jihar.

Amma duk da waɗannan versions, a fili, ba har sai karshen tsari da masana kimiyya da suka ci gaba da aiki a kan wannan batun. A shekarar 2013, wata tawagar masu bincike a Singapore ya bayyana cewa sun gudanar da warware shekaru da haihuwa tatsuniya. A rukuni na Sin masana kimiyya ya ce asirin wannan sakamako ne da adadin kuzari, wanda aka adana tsakanin ruwa da kwayoyin a cikin ãyõyinMu, to, kira a matsayin hydrogen.

Amsar daga Sin masana kimiyya

Bugu da ari bayanai za su bi, domin wani fahimtar wanda wajibi ne a yi wasu ilimi a cikin sunadarai gane da abin da irin ruwa freezes sauri - zafi ko sanyi. Kamar yadda aka sani, ruwa kwayoyin kunshi biyu sunadaran H (hydrogen) da kuma daya zarra na Yã (oxygen) da aka gudanar tare da covalent shaidu.

Amma kuma guda hydrogen kwayoyin zarra da kwayoyin suna janyo hankalin zuwa makwabciyar kwayoyin, to su oxygen bangaren. Yana da wadannan shaidu ake kira hydrogen.

Ya kamata a tuna da cewa a lokaci guda, ruwa kwayoyin aiki a kan juna m. Masana kimiyya sun lura da cewa dumama ruwa qara nesa tsakanin ta da kwayoyin da kuma taimakawa wajen wannan kawai m sojojin. Sai dai itace cewa hydrogen shaidu, shan daya nesa tsakanin kwayoyin a cikin sanyi jihar za a iya ce su shimfiɗa, kuma suna da wani ya fi girma adadin kuzari. An wannan adana makamashi da aka saki a lokacin da ruwa kwayoyin fara kusanci juna, watau, akwai wani sanyaya. Yana bayyana cewa mafi girma makamashi adana a cikin ruwan zafi da kuma kara ta saki a gare sanyaya zuwa subzero yanayin zafi, shi ne sauri fiye da a ruwan sanyi, a cikin abin da samar da irin wannan makamashi kasa. Saboda haka wanda ruwa freezes sauri - zafi ko sanyi? A kan titi da kuma a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje dole ne a paradox Mpemba da kuma ruwan zafi, sai a juya a cikin kankara sauri.

Amma tambaya shi ne har yanzu bude

Akwai ne kawai a msar tambayar tabbatar da alamu - duk rubuta dabarbari da kyau alama plausible. Amma lokacin da sakamakon gwaje-gwajen da ruwa freezes sauri - zafi ko sanyi, za a tsĩrar a cikin wani m ji, kuma su sakamakon za a gabatar, to, zai yiwu a yi la'akari da tambaya daga cikin paradox Mpemba rufe.