Aiki da tsarin epithelial nama. A tsarin da epithelial da connective nama

Fabric - a sa na Kwayoyin da intercellular abu. Yana yana da kowa fasali na tsari da kuma yi aikin wannan aiki. A jikin hudu iri nama: epithelial, juyayi, murdede kuma connective.

A tsarin da epithelial mutum tsokoki da dabbobi sa, na farko, da sarrafawa. Epithelial nama ne iyaka Layer na sel rufi da jiki integuments, mucous membranes na kayan ciki da cavities. Har ila yau, da yawa na baƙin ƙarfe a cikin jikin da aka kafa epithelium.

Janar halaye

A tsarin da epithelial nama yana da yawan siffofin muhimmi kawai epithelium. Babban alama ne da cewa masana'anta kanta tana cikin wani nau'i na ci gaba da Layer na sel da suke a kusa lamba tare da juna.

Epithelium rufi duk saman a cikin jiki, yana da nau'i na da samuwar, alhãli kuwa a cikin hanta, pancreas, thyroid, salivary gland, da sauransu shi ne wani tari na Kwayoyin. A cikin farko idan aka sanya a saman ginshiki membrane raba da epithelium daga connective nama. Amma akwai ban, a lokacin da tsarin epithelial da connective nama gani a cikin mahallin da hulda. A musamman, a cikin lymphatic tsarin, da sãɓãwar epithelial da connective nama Kwayoyin. Wannan irin epithelium aka kira atypical.

High regenerative iya aiki - wani alama na epithelium.

Iyakacin duniya sel da nama, wanda aka sa ta bambanci a muhimmi da apical sassa na cell cibiyar.

A tsarin da epithelial nama ne sun fi mayar saboda iyakar matsayi, wanda, bi da bi, da ke sa a epithelium ne wani muhimmin mahada a kan aiwatar da musayar. Wannan nama yana da hannu a sha na gina jiki daga hanji cikin jini, kuma Lymph, fitsari rabuwa ta hanyar da koda epithelia da haka. A. Kai ma ba zai iya manta game da m aiki, wanda shi ne don kare kyallen takarda daga tareda žata effects.

A tsarin da kayan kafa ginshiki membrane, ya nuna cewa shi ya ƙunshi babban adadin mucopolysaccharides, kazalika da cibiyar sadarwa na lafiya fibrils.

Kamar yadda aza epithelial nama?

Features na tsarin epithelial nama na dabbobi da mutane da aka fi mayar shibtarsu da cewa ta ci gaba ne da za'ayi na dukan uku jam yadudduka. Wannan yanayin ne halayyar kawai na irin wannan masana'anta. Ectoderm bada Yunƙurin zuwa fata epithelium, baka rami, wani babba ɓangare na esophagus, cornea. indodem - da epithelium na gastrointestinal fili. da kuma mesodam - da epithelium na urinary gabobin da kuma serous membranes.

A tayi cin fara da nunawa a farkon, saukarwa. Tun da abun da ke ciki na wani isasshen adadin placental epithelial nama, shi ne jam'iyyar na musayar abubuwa tsakanin uwa da tayin.

Rike da mutuncin epithelial Kwayoyin

The hulda da ke makwabtaka da Kwayoyin a cikin samuwar ne yiwu ba saboda gaban desmosomes. Wannan musamman mahara tsarin submicroscopic size, wanda ya kunshi biyu halves. Kowane daga cikinsu, mai kauri a wasu wurare, bautar da m saman na makwabtaka da Kwayoyin. A tsaguwa-kamar rata tsakanin halves na desmosomes ne carbohydrate faruwa abu.

A lokuta inda intercellular sarari ne m, desmosomes suna located a iyakar ta bulging cytoplasm a tuntube Kwayoyin. Idan muka dubi kamar wata bulging karkashin wani microscope, za ku ga cewa suna da wani nau'i na intercellular gadoji.

A cikin kananan hanji kabu mutunci ne kiyaye da fe daga cell membranes na m Kwayoyin a cikin filin na lamba. Irin wuraren sukan kira a matsayin trailing faranti.

Akwai wasu lokuta inda babu musamman Tsarin for mutunci. Sa'an nan lamba makwabtaka Kwayoyin aka za'ayi da lamba tsakanin lebur saman ko dõmin karkatarwa Kwayoyin. A gefuna da Kwayoyin iya imbricate zoba.

A tsarin da epithelial nama Kwayoyin

A musamman fasali na epithelial nama Kwayoyin suna gaban a kan su surface na jini membrane.

Sel da hannu a cikin kasafi na rayuwa kayayyakin a cikin jini membrane na muhimmi ɓangare na cell jiki ne kiyaye nadawa.

Epithelial Kwayoyin - abin da ake kira kimiyya daga cikin sel forming epithelial nama. Features na tsarin, aiki na epithelial Kwayoyin suna da hankali related. Saboda haka, bisa ga irin rashin rabo a cikin lebur, cubic da columnar. A core Marinjãyi euchromatin, haka shi yana da wani haske launi. Da zuciyar wani wajen manyan, da siffar yayi daidai da siffar da Kwayoyin.

Bayyana polarity sa da wuri daga cikin nuclei a cikin muhimmi part, da mitochondria ne sama da shi, da Golgi na'ura da kuma centrioles. A Kwayoyin, da secretory aiki na yin musamman da raya endoplasmic reticulum da Golgi hadaddun. Epithelium fuskantar mafi girma inji kaya Kwayoyin a cikin tsarin yana da musamman yarns - tonofibrils wanda ake bayar wa wani shãmaki a yi nufin kare Kwayoyin da nakasawa.

microvilli

Wasu Kwayoyin, ko kuma wajen su cytoplasm a kan surface iya samar da kankanin, directed waje, growths - microvilli. The most of nonon suna samuwa a kan apical surface na epithelium a cikin kananan hanji da kuma babban sassa na convoluted tubules da kodan. Saboda da layi daya tsari na microvilli a ciki rufi na hanji epithelium kuma koda goga iyakar tube aka kafa, wanda za a iya gani a karkashin wani Tantancewar hange. Bugu da kari, da microvilli a cikin wadannan yankunan dauke da wani yawan enzymes.

rarrabuwa

Features na tsarin epithelial nama a wurare daban-daban da damar mu mu rarraba su a kan da dama filaye.

Dangane da siffar da epithelium Kwayoyin iya zama cylindrical, cubic, kuma lebur, da kuma dangane da wuri na sel - daya-Layer da multilayer.

Har ila yau asirce a glandular epithelium, aka yi a cikin secretory aiki na jiki.

A single-Layer epithelium

Sunan guda Layer na epithelium yayi magana don kansa: shi ne duk da Kwayoyin suna located a kan ginshiki membrane a guda Layer. Idan siffar duk Kwayoyin ne guda (watau. E. Su isomorphic) da kuma cell nuclei ne a wannan matakin, sai ka ce game da guda jere epithelia. Idan wani monolayer epithelium Kwayoyin lura canzawar daban-daban siffofi, su nuclei suna located a matakai daban-daban, shi anizomorfny ko pseudostratified epithelium.

rabe epithelium

A multilayered epithelium kawai ƙananan Layer a lamba tare da ginshiki membrane da sauran yadudduka located sama da shi. A siffar daga cikin sel na daban-daban yadudduka ne daban-daban. A tsarin da epithelial nama na da irin wannan damar don zaɓar da dama iri multilayered epithelium dangane da siffar da kuma yanayin na cikin matsanancin Layer na sel: a multilayer lebur multilayered keratinizing (akwai keratinized Sikeli a kan surface), Multi neorogovevayuschy.

Akwai abin da ake kira tsaka epithelium rufi da gabobin da da excretory tsarin. Dangane da ko da jiki an rage ko miƙa, da masana'anta zama daban-daban form. Saboda haka, thinning na epithelium ne a cikin wani jihar ta samar da biyu yadudduka na sel tensile mafitsara - muhimmi da murfin. Kuma a lokacin da mafitsara da aka matsa (takaice) form epithelial nama thickens da cika fuska, muhimmi Layer Kwayoyin suna polymorphs da su nuclei ne a bangarori daban-daban. Coverslips Kwayoyin saya da wani pear siffar da ake laminated a kan juna.

Gistogeneticheskaja rarrabuwa na epithelia

A tsarin da epithelial nama na dabbobi da mutane ne sau da yawa kan batun kimiyya da kiwon lafiya da bincike. A cikin wadannan lokuta, yin amfani gistogenetichekuyu rarrabuwa mafi sau da yawa ci gaba da Academician N. G. Hlopinym. A cewar shi, shi ne biyar iri epithelium. Da littattafai shi ne gaskiya daga abin da rudiments na tasowa tsokoki a lokacin embryogenesis.

1. Epidermal type, farkon da aka bai wa ectoderm da prechordal farantin.

2. Enterodermalny irin, ci gaban da aka saboda hanji indodem.

3. Tselonefrodermalny irin, ɓullo daga coelomic rufi da kuma nephrotomy.

4. Angiodermalny type, da ci gaban da ta fara daga wani yanki na mesenchyme, forming da jijiyoyin bugun gini endothelium, da ake kira angioblasts.

5. Ependimoglialny irin, wanda ya fara ba da na tsarin jijiya tube.

Features na tsarin epithelial nama kafa gland

Glandular epithelium aikin secretory aiki. Wannan irin masana'anta shi ne mai tarin glandular (secretory) Kwayoyin kira granulocytes. Su aiki ne don aiwatar da kira da kuma warewa daga takamaiman abubuwa - asĩri.

Shi ne saboda da mugunya na jiki ne iya yin da yawa da muhimmanci ayyuka. Gland asirce asirin a kan fata da kuma mucous membranes, a cikin cavities da dama ciki gabobin, kazalika a jini da kuma Lymph. A cikin farko case, mu na exocrine, da kuma na biyu - na endocrine gland.

Exocrine mugunya damar don samar da madara (da mace jiki), na ciki da kuma na hanji juices, yau, bile, gumi kuma sebum. Asirin endocrine gland ne hormones da cewa yin humoral tsari a cikin jiki.

A tsarin da irin wannan epithelial nama iya zama daban-daban saboda gaskiyar cewa granulocytes iya daukar daban-daban siffofi. Wannan ya dogara da mugunya lokaci.

Da iri gland (endocrine da exocrine) iya hada daya cell (guda cell) ko wani jam'i na sel (kwayar).