Tsarin ɗan adam: tsari, aiki da asali

Ciwon tantanin halitta na tantanin halitta shine tsarin da ake bukata na kowane kwayar eukaryotic. Wannan organelle yi wani iri-iri na ayyuka, amma ta babban manufar - ne ajiya da kuma watsa hereditary kayyade abu.

Kusan kowace tantanin jikin mutum yana da tsakiya. Iyakar abincin shine platelets da kuma jan jini. Yawancin kwayoyin sune guda ɗaya, amma, alal misali, ƙwayoyin tsohuwar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙananan ƙwayoyin za su iya samun yawancin waɗannan kwayoyin. Tsakanin cikin cage na iya samun nau'ukan daban-daban - mafi girma a cikin yaduwar mace a cikin mace.

Cibiyar salula: tsari

Cibiyar tana da tsari mai mahimmanci kuma yana ƙunshe da envelope na nukiliya, chromatin, nucleolus da nucleoplasm. Bari mu dubi kowane ɓangare na cikin ƙarin daki-daki.

• Karyoteka, ko envelope na nukiliya, wani tsari ne wanda ke raba yanayin da ke cikin ciki daga cytoplasm. Wannan harsashi yana kunshe da ƙananan ciki da na ciki, tsakanin abin da ake kira dabbar da ake kira perurclear space. Abin sha'awa shine, ƙananan membrane na membrane zai kai tsaye ga membrane na reticulum na granular granular, sabili da haka cavities na EPS da manyan tankuna suna haɗuwa. Kuma harsashi yana da tasirin nukiliya, rufe diaphragm. An tsara su don shiga cikin manyan kwayoyi, da kuma musayar abubuwa tsakanin karyoplasm da cytoplasm.
• Karyoplasm abu ne mai kama da ya ƙunshi ɓangaren ciki na tsakiya. Ya ƙunshi nucleolus, da chromatin.
• Chromatin shine kwayoyin halitta na tantanin halitta. Ƙungiyarta ta tsarin ita ce ƙwayar cuta, wanda shine raunin halittar DNA a kan wani furotin na musamman - histone. Kwayoyin biyu na kwayoyin halitta sun bambanta a tantanin halitta. Heterochromatin karami ce mai yawa, mai yawa mai yawan osmophilic. Euchromatin, ko ɓarnaccen chromatin - waɗannan su ne yankunan da hanyoyin kirkiro suke aiki. A lokacin cell division da chromatin condenses ta samar da chromosomes.
• Nucleolus wani ƙananan, tsarin daji wanda ya ƙunshi sassan RNA da kwayoyin sunadaran. A nan ne aka samo asalin ribosomes. A cikin tsakiya akwai mayu ɗaya ko fiye da nucleoli, amma ana iya lura da su kawai a cikin rarraba kwayoyin.

Kernel Core: Ayyuka

The aiki na cell nucleus din za a iya ƙaddara da karanta tsarin. Na farko, mahimmanci shine ke da alhakin watsawar saiti na bayanan bayanan tantancewar kwayar halitta, tare da guda biyu da mota. A lokacin musa, ƙwayoyin sel sun karbi kwayar halitta da ke da iyayen iyaye. A lokacin meiosis (samuwar jima'i Kwayoyin na mutum), kowane cell na'am kawai rabin na chromosomes - cikakken sa na chromosomes an kafa ne kawai bayan hadewar tare da jima'i Kwayoyin wasu kwayoyin.

Bugu da kari, tsakiya na tantanin halitta yana da alhakin daya daga cikin matakai mafi muhimmanci na metabolism - sunadaran gina jiki. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa a cikin cibiyar da aka kafa bayanin, ko RNA matrix,. Sa'an nan kuma ya shiga cikin retomulum endoplasmic, ya haɗa da ribosome kuma yayi aiki a matsayin samfurin don samin jerin amino acid na kwayoyin peptide.

Kuma, kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, ana kiran kira na ribosome a cikin tsakiya.

Ciwon salula: asali

Har zuwa yau, akwai nau'i daban-daban daban-daban, tare da taimakon waɗanda masana kimiyya ke ƙoƙarin bayyana yadda aka kafa tsakiya a cikin tantanin halitta. Amma, da rashin alheri, babu wani daga cikin waɗannan maganganun da aka tabbatar da gaske.

Akwai ka'idar cewa tsakiya a matsayin wata sifar tantanin halitta kafa a sakamakon da symbiosis na da kwayan Kwayoyin kuma archaea. Wasu masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa tsakiya shine sakamakon kamuwa da kamuwa da kwayar cutar ta musamman.

Ƙarin bayani cikakke yana cikin abin da ake kira sarkimembrane. A cewarta, a tsarin juyin halitta, wani ƙwayar tsohuwar ƙwayar jikin mutum ta bayyana a tantanin halitta. A lokaci guda kuma, tsohuwar tsohuwar jikin mutum ya juya cikin harsashi na tsakiya - a tsawon lokaci wani tsari mai banbanci ya tashi a ciki, sannan kwayoyin chromatin sun fara mayar da hankali a cikin rami.