Potassium permanganate: asali sunadarai da halayen

Ana amfani da potassium a cikin Latin da ake kira Kalii permanganas. Duniya ne kawai potassium permanganate - potassium gishiri a dauki na manganese acid. Rubutun wasika KMnO. A cikin hulɗar da kwayoyin, yana samar da sinadarin protein-albumin, a cikin jin dadin jiki shine wannan motsi ya watsa ta hanyar haskakawa, ƙuƙasawa, halayen gida, yayin da yake samun sakamako na warkarwa da dukiyar da ke da wani deodorant da maganin maganin.

Ana samar da potassium permanganate ta hanyar electrochemical oxidation na manganese mahadi ko ta canza su rabbai. Ga wasu akan potassium permanganate halayen, yadu amfani da masana'antu da pharmacology:

2MnO2 +3 Cl2 + 8KOH → 2KMnO4 + 6KCl + 4H2O

2K2MnO4 + 2H2O → 2KMnO4 + H2 ↑ + 2KOH.

A nan, kamar yadda muka gani, manganese, ana yin amfani da shi, yana hulɗa tare da sallar salts da kwayoyin potassium. Anyi amfani dashi na biyu a masana'antu, tun da yake ana amfani da shi da potassium a kowace rana ta hanyar electrolysis na maida hankali.

The jiki Properties na potassium permanganate

A kimiyya na wannan fili kuma ake kira potassium permanganate, wanda shi ne mai granular lu'ulu'u da orthorhombic nau'i na duhu purple launi. A cikin nau'i na lu'u-lu'u, potassium permanganate decomposes a zafin jiki na zazzabi na 240 ° C kuma mafi girma, samar da iskar oxygen. Ana nuna wannan ta hanyar da ake biyowa:

2KMnO4 = K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2.

Yawancin abu shine 2.703 g / cm2. Cube matauni taro na potassium permanganate - 158,03 g / mol. Rashin sulhu na fili a cikin ruwa ya dogara da mataki na maida hankali, da kuma a kan yawan zafin jiki na ruwa (an gabatar da bayanai a Table 1).

Tebur 1. Mahimmancin potassium a cikin yanayin zafi

Ya danganta da adadin lu'ulu'u da aka kara a ruwa a yanayin zafi daban-daban, kowane bayani zai kasance da inuwa - daga raunin mai rauni, mai launin fata a ƙananan ƙarami zuwa purple-violet - a babban. Sauran kaushi potassium permanganate lu'ulu'u protrude acetone, ammonia da methyl barasa.

Chemical Properties na potassium permanganate

Abinda "potassium permanganate" ya zama mai karfi oxidant. Dangane da PH na matsakaici shi abubuwa a kan daban-daban iri abubuwa da ake rage wa manganese a lissafi mahadi daga daban-daban digiri na hadawan abu da iskar shaka. Alal misali, a cikin wani magungunan acid - II, a cikin matsakaici na alkaline - har zuwa VI, a cikin matsakaitan matsakaici, bi da bi - har zuwa IV.

Adjoining su mayar da hankali sulfuric acid, potassium permanganate, da sinadaran Properties da suke nuni da hadawan abu da iskar shaka haddasa fashewar dauki, da kuma sake oxygen a lokacin tsanani - Wannan hanya da aka yi amfani da ko'ina O2 samarwa a masana'antu.

Aikace-aikace na potassium permanganate

A cikin labaran zamani na labaran, potassium permanganate na kowa a cikin jerin kwayoyin halitta a matsayin wani samfurin oxidizer. A cikin bayani na alkaline wani abu ne mai mahimmanci da ya rage. Yana da amfani da kuma maganin duniya na 0.1% a magani don maganin ƙonawa, rinses, disinfection, cirewa ta hanyar cirewa. Wasu magunguna ba su saki wannan abu ba, tun da umarnin Ma'aikatar an dauke shi abu ne mai ban tsoro. Amma zaka iya samun potassium a cikin shaguna, inda aka sayar da shi a cikin nau'in taki.