Sensationalism - wato, abin da yake ma'anarta? wakilan sensationalism

Sensationalism - shi ne daya daga cikin wuraren da cewa tsaya fitar a ka'idar ilimi. A cewar wannan, da ji da kuma abin mamaki ne babban nau'i m ilmi. Sensationalism - shi ne shugabanci daura da rationalism. Babban manufa na hanyar ne cewa babu wani abu a cikin tunani cewa ba shi yiwuwa a sami a cikin hankula. Saboda haka, sensationalism - mai son sha'awa nau'i na ilimi. Bayan da ji da kuma abin mamaki gabatar ma a hada a cikinta.

Wakilai daga sensationalism suna da yawa, amma a cikinsu suna da wadannan manyan masana falsafa na zamanin d Girkanci Falsafa Protagoras (hoton sama), Epicurus, J. Locke, kuma Etena Bonno de Condillac ..

A ra'ayi na "sensationalism"

Cousin ya kawo a cikin general amfani da Kalmar "sensationalism". Ya contrasted ya idealism. Saboda haka, wannan lokaci Cousin sanya yankin, wanda a yau muke kira jari-hujja. Duk da haka, ma'anar kalma ba makale. Yau sensationalism - Trend in epistemology, akasin rationalism da intellectualism.

Babban arziki, sensationalism da jari-hujja

Babban arziki da sha'awa mana wadannan kwatance. Da farko, ta kãfirta da wanzuwar m ideas. A wasu kalmomin, da hankali gane kawai samu darajar, kuma ba da asali. Saboda haka, sensualism da rationality a gaban falsafa. Duk da ilmi na wakilan sensationalism tafasa saukar zuwa ƙullenku. All na ciki shi ne tuna samun fitar da majiyai, kuma na karshe - daga cikin kwarewa. Sanadiyar haka ne, waje duniya - da rarrabẽwa, kuma tushen ilimi. Wannan shi ne, kuma da bambanci da kuma kama tsakanin sensationalism da kuma jari-hujja. Wakilai na biyu daga cikin wadannan yankunan ce cewa a waje duniya ne tushen mu ilmi. Duk da haka, ya gane su daban. Wakilai jari-hujja yi imani da cewa akwai wani m ko cikakken ainihi majiyai da halaye na wani abu. Mun saba sensationalists.

ra'ayi Condillac

A cikin aikinsa "rubutun a kan majiyai" Condillac furta cewa mutum-mutumi ƙãra ji na wari tsinkayen na musamman na ra'ayin wani jihar a lokacin da ƙanshi a wani fure. Condillac daukan akida tsayawar a kan batun da majiyai alaka da ingancin wani abu. Ya yi imanin cewa an rago tambaya kuma dena yin wasu kalamai game da shi. Ilimin falsafa sensationalism, ta haka ne, ba ya shiryar da mu ga jari-hujja. A akasin wannan, yana da sauki a samu daga cikin subjectivism (da negation of abin da waje duniya za'a iya sani).

Sensationalism da kayadadden idealism

Sensationalism aka alaka kayadadden idealism (msl, Fichte). Duk da haka, akwai bambanci a tsakanin su. An fahimci matsayin aiki na samara da nasa batun. Jigon sani ga kayadadden idealism ne roba aiki da mutum ke tunani. Lokacin da wannan ji daya ne kawai, mafi ƙasƙanci mataki na aiki. A akasin haka, shi ne domin sensationalism a shi ne dukan aiki na mu sani. Daga ji na tunani da kuma fitarwa t. D. Daga wannan ganewa na tunani da kuma jin da shi za a iya ƙarasa da cewa babu wasu dokoki na tunani.

Condillac ra'ayi game da dangantakar da ke tsakanin ji da kuma tunani

Condillac ya biya mai girma da hankali ga wannan batu. Ya aka bayyana a cikin daki-daki, yadda da majiyai bayyana daga hankali, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da kuma tunani. Condillac nuna yadda mafarki da shafi tunanin mutum matakai abin da ke faruwa da kansa, ko da kwarewa. Wajibcin tunani a gaskiya - wata kungiya ko al'ada, saboda m maimaitawa zama rabuwa. Dalili na dukkan ilimi da aka sani da ji. Wannan yana nufin cewa ilimi ne mai zaman kansa. Babu wani abu da real generalizations kada ku shige. A lokaci guda tushen ilmi da ma'anar da iyaka, kuma ta hali. Saboda haka, wannan tushen - da littattafai na gaskiya. Tun lokacin da hankali na tashin hankali (da wani matsayi dauka a kan addini sensualist) ya dogara da waje faruwa, da kuma kowane kwarewa - shi ne wani abu zumunta, m, bazuwar, da dangi da kuma bazuwar yanayi, kuma ya kamata siffantãwa duk ilmi a general.

Ma'ana batun daga ra'ayi na sensationalism

A kan tushen wasu m facts, Mill haka kayyade al'amari (magana): shi ne m yiwuwar majiyai. Irin wannan misali shi ne a cikin sensationalism. Tuni a Condillac mu sami alamu na shi. Daga mahangar wannan zurfin tunani abu ne mai tarin wakilci na da yawa, size, taurin da kuma kama. D. A wasu kalmomin, da fili na wakilci cewa an samu daga daban-daban Categories lamba majiyai yafi touch. Saboda haka, domin yin wasu ra'ayin da batun, ba lallai ba ne su yi tunanin wata substrate ko wani m. Irin wannan sensationalist epistemology gabatar a general sharuddan.

zargi na sensationalism

Wannan shugabanci za a iya ba bashi domin gaskiyar cewa ta wakilan biya musamman da hankali ga m bincike na daban-daban facts na ji da abin mamaki. Sun yi kokarin sanin yadda gagarumin ji a cikin ilmi da irin rawa da su raba Categories. Kulawa ta musamman a wannan batun cancanci ayyukan Condillac.

M bincike na wannan Trend, duk da haka, yana da nasa drawbacks. Ya dubi a facts da za a bincikar tare da wani son zuciya ra'ayi. Kamar sihiri, sensationalism ya kashe a ji cewa shi ba peculiar. Wannan rabo sa'an nan cirewa daga shi. Yana bai halicci ji na mu memory, sani, tunani, kwatanci. A bambanci, da roba aiki na mu sani an bayyana shi da siffofin da aka jera a sama. Su sa dogara a kan abu da wanda ya yi aiki. Wakilai daga sensationalism ƙasƙanta, mechanize na ayyuka na sani. Sukan yi kokarin da shi a kan elemental ganewa yi hukunci da sauran aiki. Ba daidai ba epistemological binciken sun yi daidai da wani ƙarya m analysis. Mu ne sha'awar a cikin shugabanci na iyakance filin na ilmi, ba daidai ya bayyana ta siffofin (misali, shi shafi yanayin ilmin lissafi ilimi), samar da wani ƙarya rarrabẽwa na gaskiya. Irin wannan, a takaice dai, shi zargi.

Sensationalism da kuma sauran inda ake nufi

Sensationalism a falsafar - wannan shi ne shugabanci da tarihi ya fito a lokuta daban-daban da kuma sosai m. An lauye da empiricism, jari-hujja da kuma kayadadden idealism. Saboda wannan tarihi ne ba sauki rubuta shi ba tare da yin a lokaci guda na da dan hanya abubuwa. Jari sensationalism ne paradoxical, saboda yiwuwar an riga an ji kanta (da shi Masani ne ga Condillac) babu makawa ware jari-hujja. Bayan duk, shi presupposes da ikon ruhu. Sense jari sensualism haka da wuya a uniquely gane. Kuma abin da shi ne yanayin da wasu yankunan? Sensationalism ne da kanta wani nau'i na kayadadden idealism, wanda shi ne daura da shugabanci a cikin abin da jigon da ruhu da ake gani a cikin ayyukan da mutum ke tunani (daya daga cikin wakilan - Fichte, Sr.). Game da empiricism, sensualism ne irin wannan a cikin yin amfani da m analysis. Bugu da kari, biyu daga cikin wadannan yankunan da irin wannan hasashen a kan muhimmancin ilmi ne da kwarewa.

Epicureanism da Stoicism

Sensationalism a zamanin da ya wakilci a cikin tsarin na Stoics da Epicurus (hoton sama). Bisa ga karshen, da ji da generated da gaskiya cewa images rabu abubuwa. Suna fada a cikin gabobin da gabobinmu da nan a kan tilas gane ta su. Epicurus yi imani da cewa kowane ji gaskiya ne. Wannan shi ne da littattafai na gaskiya. Duk abin da ba ya yarda da shi, shi ne ƙarya.

Stoicism matsayin Trend ya ci gaba a akai muhawara tare da Epicureanism. Duk da haka, suna da yawa a cikin na kowa. Bisa ga Stoics, rai ne abu. Duk da haka, wannan jari-hujja ya ƙunshi abubuwa da pantheism. Su ba da damar mu yi magana a game da hadin kai da rai, da kuma cewa da ikon m aiki ne babban alama na mutum rai. Bisa ga Stoics, kurwa ba m kamar Har wa yau ya yi ĩmãni. A akasin wannan, shi ne aiki. Stoic a koyarwarsa game da ji na yi wani gagarumin Baya ga Epicurean ka'idar. Suka ce cewa duk abin da ya zo daga majiyai (kazalika da Har wa yau), amma a cikin su da rai bayyana ta aiki. Bisa ga tunani, a cikin rundunar da aka kafa dukan kõme da na kowa. Daga majiyai bayyana duk views.

Sensationalism a zamani falsafa

A zamani falsafa, da yaduwa shugabanci na amfani a gare mu taimake Locke (ya hoto ne da aka sama). Duk da cewa ya dauki kansa a matsayin empiricist kuma jera almajiri na Descartes, aikinsa "An muqala Game Human hankali", haƙĩƙa, da gudummawar da ci gaban sensationalism. Locke biyu kafofin mu ilmi - tunani da kuma abubuwan - ya kara nazari karshe. Rukunan wannan Falsafa na gani ne da ɗan m. A wannan za a iya ce ya tattaunawa da abu. Saboda haka, daga cikin tunani na Locke sauƙi deduced sensationalist rukunan.

Kuma a cikin rubuce-rubucen na Condillac (hoton sama), za mu sami wani serial sensationalism na zamanin. Duk da cewa da m Hanyar wannan zurfin tunani ya ajizai ne, kuma ya gudanar da bincike ya wani matukin jirgi halitta (suka gina a kan wani priori, tabbas zaton), da ayyukansa na bayar da muhimmanci a cikin tarihin na tunani. Sensationalism sabon lokaci an kara raya a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. The latest lokaci ne lokacin daga 1918 zuwa yau. Bari mu ce 'yan kalmomi a kan yadda za a ci gaba da wani amfani a cikin shugabanci bayan juyin juya hali.

Sensationalism a wannan zamanin

A kwanan nan, sau Tolba kare sensationalism a falsafa. Wannan Trend a cikin rubuce-rubucen na Falsafa sake rotates daga phenomenalism muhimmi Condillac, ga jari-hujja. Wannan shi ne saboda da cewa a cikin 1960-1970 shekaru na jari hujja nufi muhimmanci tsananta a fannoni daban daban na ilimi.

A irin sensationalism a cikin karni na 20th ne Empiric. Wannan shugabanci da aka ɓullo da Mach (hoton sama) da kuma R. Avenarius. Manazarta yi imani da cewa abin nufi da muhimmi ji, moods da kuma bayyananen na mu nufin - wani nau'i na karbuwa ga muhalli. Su ne sakamakon juyin halitta.