Irish marubuci, mawãƙi kuma marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo Bekket Semyuel: A Biography, siffofi m da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Irishman Bekket Semyuel yana daga cikin Nobel Prize nasara da ake kira da wallafe-wallafen maganar banza. Saba da aikinsa, wanda ya yi amfani da Turanci da kuma Faransanci, a Rasha translation fara da play "Jiran Godot". Ita ce ta fito da farko nasara Beckett (a kakar 1952 - 1953 years). A halin yanzu, quite wani shahararren mawallafin wasannin kwaikwayo, Semyuel Bekket. Plays daban-daban shekaru da su, ya sa a da yawa sinimomi, a duniya.

Features daga cikin play "Jiran Godot"

A farko analogue, ga wanda ya yi ƙoƙari ya fahimci karanta Beckett - wata alama gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Maeterlinck. A nan, kamar yadda a Maeterlinck, da fahimtar ma'anar abin da ke faruwa shi ne kawai zai yiwu idan ba ka yi kokarin fara daga Categories real-rai yanayi. Kawai canja wuri matakai a cikin harshen alamomin fara karba a cikin al'amuran na "Godot," ra'ayin marubucin. Duk da haka, da dokoki irin wannan canja wuri a kan nasu ne don haka bambance bambancen da kuma duhu, da sauki to karba makullin ba zai yiwu. Beckett kansa pointedly ki bayyana boye ma'anar tragicomedy.

Kamar yadda Beckett kiyasta su kerawa

A wata hira, Sama'ila, da taba da jigon aikinsa, ya ce abu da wanda yake aiki - yana da jahilci, rashin ƙarfi. Ya ce cewa da aka binciko a yankin, da cewa artists zabi bar kau da kai a matsayin wani abu m da art. A wani lokaci, Beckett ce shi ba Falsafa, da kuma taba karanta ayyukan falsafa, saboda ba su fahimci wani abu daga abin da suka rubuta. Ya ce cewa yana da sha'awa a ba da shawara, amma kawai siffar a cikin abin da suka suna bayyana. Ba su da sha'awar a Beckett da tsarin. The aiki na artist, a cikin ra'ayi, - a sami wani nau'i isassun da rikice da kuma rikici da cewa muna kira zama. Shi ne matsalar da siffan an accented da shawarar da Swedish Academy.

Origin Beckett

Mene ne tushen Beckett ta ra'ayoyi da ya kai shi zuwa ga irin wannan matsananci matsayi? Iya ciki duniya da marubuci ya bayyana ta takaice dai biography? Semyuel Bekket, dole ne a ce, ba mai sauki mutum. A Facts na Life Sama'ila kamar yadda masu bincike la'akari da aikinsa zubar da yawa haske a kan asalin ji na duniya na marubuci.

Haifi Semyuel Bekket (Sama'ila Beckett) a Dublin, ɗan m da taƙawa Furotesta. Magabatan na marubuci, Faransa Huguenots, a cikin 17th karni koma Ireland, fatan a dadi rayuwa da kuma 'yancin addini. Amma Sama'ila daga farkon bai dauki ƙarni na addini tushen iyali akida. "Iyayena - sai ya ce - ya ba kome ga ĩmãninsu."

da lokacin horo, koyarwa ayyukan

Bayan nazari a wani Elite makaranta, sa'an nan a cikin wannan Jesuit Trinity College a Dublin, inda ya zarar karatu Swift, sa'an nan Wilde, Beckett shekaru biyu tsunduma a cikin koyarwa aiki a Belfast, sa'an nan ya koma Paris da kuma aiki a matsayin ɗalibin kwalejin likita malamin Turanci a Higher al'ada makaranta sa'an nan a Sorbonne. Saurayi karanta mai yawa ya fi so marubuta sun Dante da kuma Shakespeare, Socrates, kuma Descartes. Amma da ilmi ba kawo a kwantar da hankula ga m rai. Game da farkon shekara, ya tuno: "Na kasance m da zan iya jin shi da dukan halittu, kuma sa up tare da shi.". Beckett yarda cewa more kuma mafi nisantar daga mutane, a wata hanya ba, shiga. Kuma a sa'an nan shi ne lokacin da za a kammala cuta Beckett biyu, da kanta da kuma tare da wasu.

A Sanadin da cuta da duniya

Mene ne tushen da intransigent matsayi dauka Semyuel Bekket? Tarihinsa ne ba sosai bayyana wannan batu. Za ka iya koma zuwa sanctimonious yanayi a cikin iyali, da Jesuit College a cikin umurnin: "Ireland - kasar na theocrats da kuma dakatar da, da zan iya ba su zauna a can." Duk da haka, a Paris, cike da subversives da kuma 'yan tawaye a cikin zane-zane, Beckett ba su kubuta ji na Loneliness rinjãya. Ya hadu da Paul Valéry, Ezra Dinar da kuma Richard Aldington, amma babu wani daga wadannan talanti bai zama ikon ruhaniya a gare shi. Kawai ya zama wallafe-wallafen sakataren James Joyce, Beckett samu a shefe "halin kirki manufa" kuma daga baya gaya Joyce cewa ya taimake shi ya fahimci abin da manufar da artist. Duk da haka, da suka raba hanyoyi - da kuma ba kawai saboda rayuwa ta yanayi (unrequited soyayya ya Joyce zuwa Beckett yi da ba zai yiwu ba a ziyarar da Joyce ta gidan, kuma sai ya tafi zuwa Ireland), amma kuma a cikin art.

Wannan ya biyo ta m jayayya da mahaifiyarta, kokarin yanke da kansu kashe daga waje duniya (for kwana bai bar gidan, ya kange daga pesky dangi da abokai a cikin wani maras ban sha'awa zana labule ofishin), m yawon shakatawa na Turai birane, magani a asibiti ga ciki ...

Literary halarta a karon, na farko samfurin

Beckett sanya ya halarta a karon waka "Bludoskop" (1930), sa'an nan ya bayyana wani muqala a kan Proust (1931) da kuma Joyce (1936), a tarin gajejjeran labaru, da kuma Littafin waqe-waqe. Amma ba mu da nasara, waɗannan ayyuka, wanda aka halitta Semyuel Bekket. "Murphy" (review a kan wannan labari shi ma unflattering) - da samfurin wani saurayi ya zo London daga Ireland. The labari da aka ƙi da 42 wallafa. Kawai a cikin shekara ta 1938, a lokacin da a yanke ƙauna, wahala m jiki ailments, amma mafi san talaucinsu na mara amfani da kuma financially dogara a kan mahaifiyarsa, Bekket Semyuel taba bar Ireland da kuma zaunar da sake a Paris, daya daga cikin mawallafan da "Murphy". Duk da haka, littafin ya gana da hani. Success zo daga baya, ba nan da nan ya zama shahararren Bekket Semyuel, wanda littattafai suna da aka sani da kuma ƙaunar da yawa. Kafin kuma abin da Sama'ila ya jimre a lokacin wartime.

wartime

The yaki kama Beckett a Paris, da kuma tsãge shi daga kai sanya kadaici. Rayuwa dauki sauran siffar. Kama da kuma kashe-kashen sun zama sananne. A mafi tsanani ga Beckett rahotannin cewa mutane da yawa na da abokai fara aiki a kan occupants. Ga shi, da zabi ba bayyana. Bekket Semyuel ya zama wani aiki memba na juriya da kuma aiki na tsawon shekaru biyu a clandestine kungiyoyin "Star" da "Tsarki ya tabbata", inda ya aka sani da sunan barkwanci Irishman. Da nauyin da hada tara bayanai, fassara shi a cikin harshen Turanci, microfilming. Mun ya tafi zuwa ga tashoshin jiragen ruwa, inda Jamus sojojin da aka mayar da hankali teku. Lokacin da Gestapo gano kungiyar da aka kama fara, Beckett ya shiga buya a wani kauye a kudu da Faransa. Sa'an nan kuma, 'yan watanni ya yi aiki a matsayin mai fassara na Red Cross a wani asibitin soja da. Bayan da yaki ya aka bayar da lambar yabo "Ga Service a yakin". The domin na Janar de Gaulle ya ce: "Beckett, Sam mutumin mai ƙarfin hali ... da ya ke yi da aiki, ko da yayin da a cikin mutum hadari."

Martial shekaru, duk da haka, ba su canza da m hali Beckett, wanda zai ƙayyade cikin shakka daga ransa da kuma ci gaba na kerawa. Ya zarar ya bayyana cewa a duniya babu wani abu a tsaye sai dai kerawa.

The dogon-jiran nasara

Nasarar Beckett zuwa zo saman 1950s. A mafi kyau sinimomi a Turai sun fara sa play "Jiran Godot". A lokacin daga 1951 zuwa 1953, ya wallafa wani litattafan trilogy. A kashi na farko - labari "The Mall", na biyu - "Malone mutu" da kuma na uku - "Babu lakabi". Wannan trilogy ya sanya marubucin daya daga cikin mafi shahara da kuma m artists na karni na 20th da kalmar. Wa] annan litattafan, wanda aka yi amfani da su haifar da m hanyoyin litattafan, kai kadan kama ga saba da wallafe-wallafen siffofin. An rubuta su a Faransa, da kuma kadan daga baya Beckett fassara su zuwa harshen Turanci.

Sama'ila, wadannan da nasarar da play "Jiran Godot", ya yanke shawarar ci gaba kamar yadda wani marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo. A play "Game da abin da fall," an halicce ta a 1956. A cikin marigayi 1950s - farkon shekarun 1960s. akwai ayyuka na biye: "Endgame", "Krapp ta Lãhira tef" da "Happy Days." Su aza harsashin ginin gidan wasan kwaikwayon na m.

A shekarar 1969, Beckett aka bayar da kyautar Nobel. Dole ne in ce abin da Sama'ila talauci jure da ya karu da hankali cewa ko da yaushe accompanies daraja. Ya amince da su yarda da Nobel Prize ne kawai a yanayin da cewa ba ya samun shi, da kuma Faransa m na Beckett da madugun aboki Jerome Lindon. Wannan yanayin da aka cika.

Features Kai Beckett

Bekket Semyuel - marubucin yawa litattafan da plays. Dukan su wakiltar mutum rashin ƙarfi a cikin ikon yanayi da kuma halaye, kafin cinyewa da meaninglessness na rayuwa. A takaice, an Wauta! To, bari ya zama m. Mafi m, da kuma irin wannan ra'ayi na mutum makoman shi ba superfluous.

Shawara ya barke a kusa da wallafe-wallafen maganar banza, da farko dai, ko irin art da art a general ko yana halatta? Amma bari mu tuna da kalmomin wani Irishman, William Yeats, wanda ya bayyana cewa mutãne ya kamata a fahimci a duk yiwu yanayi, cewa akwai ba ma m dariya, kuma m irony, kuma m so ... Abu ne mai sauki su yi tunanin abin da zai zama a cikin al'ummar da ake so a hanyoyin da kuma hanyar art m hani kallafaffen. Duk da haka, da} arfin makõma ga tunanin - da tarihi, musamman namu, ya san irin misalai. Karshen wadannan bakin ciki irin abubuwan da Procrustes: sojojin, inda m ayyuka tsananin iyakance zuwa ga waɗanda aka haifa a cikin ofisoshin da dokoki, da hasarar da idanu da kunnuwan, da kuma kowane sabon hadari ya kama ta da mamaki. Saboda haka babu zabi, amma don yarda da haramun ce daga cikin hanyoyin da m wallafe-wallafe. Kamar yadda ga m rinjãye, ko da abokan adawar na da ra'ayoyi na Beckett ba ƙaryatãwa ya kwarewa - shakka, a cikin tsarin na hanyar soma da su. Amma Genrih Bell, misali, a cikin wani zance ya ce: "Beckett, na yi imani, wani mafi m mataki-mai ban sha'awa".

A shekarar 1989, yana da shekaru 83, ya rasu a Bekket Semyuel. Shayari kuma litattafan da ya, ina zaton, shekaru da yawa za su zama dacewa.