Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy - mai neman na hakika na biyu da rabi na XIX karni

Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy, artist na biyu da rabi na karni na 19th, suka tafi a tarihi a matsayin wanda ya kafa m zane mai neman na hakika Trend in art. Ya rayayye tasowa da ka'idodinta m hakikanci a cikin aikinsa, kazalika da articles a kan ka'idar art. Da yawa daga cikin zane-zane da aka gane litattafansu na Rasha zanen. Marubucin ya da wani mai gida na hotuna, tarihi da kuma Genre al'amuran.

manhaja vitae

Kramskoy, artist, ya shahara akan idon basira zane-zane, da aka haifa a 1837 a Voronezh lardin a tsakiyar aji iyali. Ya kammala karatunsa ostrogorzhskoe real makaranta, amma saboda iyali ta talauci bai iya ci gaba da ilimi a makarantar sakandare. Aiki a cikin gida Duma, ya zama sha'awar photo retouching. Ba da da ewa, malaminsa ya M. Tulin wanda ya sanar da shi kayan yau da kullum na zanen. A 'yan shekarun baya Kramskoy, an artist mafi kyau a san shi da hotuna, ya koma St. Petersburg, inda ya fara hayayyafa m aiki, wanda dade har zuwa kwatsam mutuwa a 1887.

Nazarin a makarantar kimiyya da

A 1857, ya zama wani almajiri na Academician Markov, wanda ya} ware a tarihi zanen. A lokacin da ya nazarin ya samu dama lambar yabo duka biyu da zane-zane da kuma kofe na zane-zane da sauran artists a kan addini jigogi. A kananan lambar zinariya na gaba shahara zane-zane samu wani zanen sadaukar da Littafi Mai Tsarki batutuwa.

Domin da artist da take tare da hakkin ya sami wani jihar fensho ya sallama wa gasar aiki a kan mataki na Scandinavian sagas. Duk da haka, Kramskoy, artist, jihãdi ga mai idon basira image na events da kuma m 'yanci, tare da goma sha uku sauran dalibai ya juya zuwa ga Academy of Management da bukatar a cire su daga gasar, barata ta so da cewa sun so su rubuta a kan batutuwa da suke da kansu fi son. Bayan da cewa matasa painters kafa su m ƙungiya, wanda, duk da haka, ya kasance short-rayu, tun bayan da mambobin zarar yanke shawarar komawa zuwa jihar ciki.

"Peredvizhniki"

Fenta Kramskoy, wanda zane-zane da riga a farkon lokacin da aikinsa ya zama wani wurin hutawa aukuwa a cikin al'adu rai na daular, ya zama daya daga cikin masu shirya da kuma akida inspirers wannan kungiyar. Its mambobi kare da ka'idodinta hakikanci a art, aiki zamantakewa da jama'a matsayi na artists. A aikinsa, marubucin kare ka'idojin da labarun almara. Ya yi imani da cewa zanen dole ba ne kawai zama sahihi, amma kuma kai da halin kirki da kuma ilimi ma'anar. Saboda haka, yana aiki musamman ban mamaki infused.

A cikin 1870s, marubucin Halicci dukan jerin na ƙwarai hotuna na sanannen Sahaban: ya rubuta image na Tolstoy, Nekrasov, Shishkin, Tretyakov da sauransu. A cikin wannan jerin, musamman wuri ne shagaltar da wani hoto na artist Kramskoy halitta shi a 1867. Wannan shafin yana da wani babban mataki na hakikanci kamar yadda sauran aikinsa lokaci.

Hoto na Nikolai Nekrasov

Mutane da yawa hotuna na marubucin an rubuta su a style of Genre zane-zane. Wanda aka nuna a kan su an gabatar da mutane a mataki, don haka da zane-zane ne scenes daga rai da kuma hanyarsa ta rayuwa.

An misali ne sanannen aiki na artist, "Nekrasov a lokacin" Last Songs "," 1877-1878 shekara. A wannan zanen, da artist kafa fita don nuna shahararrun mawãƙi a wurin aiki a karshe zamani ransa. Kullum, a cikin artist aikin taka muhimmiyar rawa jigo na mutum shafi tunanin mutum da abubuwan, na gwagwarmaya da mutuwa, ko da wani bugu. A cikin ayyukan Masters wadannan batutuwa da wani zaman jama'a girma, kamar yadda a cikin ayyukansu na sauran painters. Ya ko da yaushe ya nuna yaki da ruhu tare da cutar da kuma mafi dauke da gudanar da su isar da wannan ra'ayin a cikin sama hoto.

Mata hotuna

Zai yiwu mafi shahara aiki na master - zanen "baƙo." Artist Kramskoy jaddada kyakkyawa da model. Ya jaddada cewa, shi ne wani birane fashionistas, don haka a hankali umurce ta bayyanar: wani arziki Jawo gashi, flirty headdress kyau kayan ado da yadudduka.

Nuni da cewa baya ga wannan zanen ne na sakandare muhimmancin: shi ne wanda ya gabatar a wani hazo, a matsayin marubucin duk mu da hankali mayar da hankali a kan m matasa mace. Ya musamman na son zuwa cin hotuna na artist Ivan Kramskoy. marubucin zane-zane ne daban-daban yanayi.

Idan mace a cikin sama hoto na nuna wani mai girman kai, m matsayi, da samfurin a kan zane "Girl tare da ta scythe," da bambanci, an nuna a wuya, ko da m lokacin da ta jũna a yashe duk wasu kuma shi ne gaba ɗaya kai-tunawa. Saboda haka, ta fuska, kamar yadda sun yi tsayayya da bayyanar da wani baƙo ne, ya nuna zurfin dabzar thoughtfulness, bakin ciki da kuma bakin ciki haske.

"Inconsolable Baƙin ciki"

Wannan hoto da aka fentin a 1884, wahayi zuwa gare ta artist ta sirri da baƙin ciki, da suka rasa dansa. Saboda haka, kamar yadda wata mace, aka nuna a wani baƙin ciki dress, tsõkaci da hankali da siffofin na matar marubucin.

Wannan zanen bambanta daga sauran ayyukan marubucin cewa yanke ƙauna, wanda shi ne imbued. A tsakiyar zane na nuna wani mai tsakiyar-shekaru mace a baki dress. Yana tsaye kusa da akwatin cike da furanni. Ta baƙin ciki da aka bayyana, ba a matsayi, wanda yake shi ne quite halitta, kuma ko da free, da kuma idanunsa da kuma motsi da hannunsa, wanda ta presses wani zanen aljihu bakinsa. Wannan zanen ne mai yiwuwa daya daga cikin karfi a cikin artist da kuma Rasha art a general.