Elizabethan Baroque gine na St Petersburg: description, siffofin da halaye

Elizabethan Baroque - da gine-gine da style cewa ka fito a zamanin mulkin Empress Elizabeth. A heyday ya faduwa a tsakiyar XVIII karni. Architect, tsohon wakilin mafi daukan hankali style, ya zama Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli (1700-1771). A daraja da ya Elizabethan Baroque sau da yawa ake kira "Rastrelli".

magabacinsa

A zamanin mulkin Bitrus da Great sanya da yawa daga canje-canje a cikin al'adu rayuwa a kasar. A sabon babban birnin kasar da aka gina a cikin style na gine-gine, gravitated zuwa Turai ma'aunansa na architecture. Wannan shi ne zamanin da ake kira Petrine Baroque, wahayi zuwa gare ta Jamus, Dutch, kuma Swedish misalai na architecture. A sabon salon ne kusan gaba daya daga Byzantine hadisin, dadin girma da kuma a kai a kai lura a cikin Rasha gine for ƙarni. Kuma da Baroque ya kira sosai matukar. The gine na zamani kusan bai sani ba lush kayan ado, asali peculiar style.

Bitrus kuma Elizabethan Baroque, maye gurbin shi, da dama gagarumin bambance-bambance. Last tunawa da hadisai na Moscow gine na marigayi XVII -. A farkon na XVIII karni, ya koma ga giciye-domed makirci na gina haikalin, albasa da pear-dimbin yawa na ado coatings.

idiosyncrasy

Board ƙarami 'yar Bitrus da Great aka lura girma na jihar ikon dalĩli, da tabbatarwa daga kasar yawa. Wannan Trend ba zai shafi gine-gine. Elizabethan Baroque a St. Petersburg da kuma kasashen waje ya zama misalta jihar iko. Mu lura da wasu halayyar fasalulluka na wannan style:

• lissafi na ban iri-iri na ado abubuwa.

• ductility kuma tsauri gine-gine da hakkinSa.

• contrasting launi haduwa a waje.

• da yin amfani da pilasters da uku-kwata ginshikan.

• nisha da kuma wani yawa na ado da cikakken bayani a cikin ciki.

• a koma ga wasu hadisai na zamanin d Rasha gine.

Maestro style

Ya halittar farko da aka halitta a Courland Rastrelli ga shugaba Biron. Sai ya wãyi gari manyan m of Anna Ivanovna, kuma a karshe Elizabeth. A farkon 40-ies na XVIII karni Rastrelli ziyarci Moscow, inda ya samu damar samun matsahi na saba da samfurori na gargajiya Rasha gine. Kamar yadda masu sukar nuna, yana da wani gajeren tafiya shafa da kara aikin na master, kuma, kamar yadda wani sakamako, a kan fuskar zamani Petersburg shi.

A farko ginin, wanda aka gina da Rastrelli ta domin na Empress, da kuma wanda ya fara da ya shahara, shi ne lokacin rani fada. Abin takaici, wannan gini da aka ba kiyaye domin shi ne da katako. Sa'an nan, da sãɓãwar launukansa digiri na hannu, ya yi aiki a kan da dama ayyukan:

• The Grand Palace a Peterhof (1747-1752).

• St. Andrew Cathedral a Kiev (fentin zane na gini a 1747).

• rearrangement Tsarskoselskogo Catherine Palace (1752-1757).

A tallest gini a cikin birnin

A Winter Palace ya kasance daya daga cikin na karshe ayyukan Rastrelli. Gininsu, inda hermitage aka located a yau, da kuma a yau ya nuna Elizabethan Baroque kowa da kowa. Yi ya fara a 1754. Its yanki nawa zuwa 60,000 murabba'in mita da kuma ƙunshi 1500 dakuna. A gini shine mafi girman cikin dukan zama gine-gine a cikin birnin. Wannan ya kula da empress bayar da umarni hani ga gina more high gine-gine. Kuma saboda shi ne ba a whim na sarki, da kuma cewa Rastrelli lasafta manufa rabbai na ginin dangi zuwa ga talakawan nisa daga cikin Neva. Duk da haka, da cikakken bayani da ya gudanar da binciken har yanzu ba a sani ba, kuma masu bincike suka fara nuna a fili cewa wannan al'amari ya kasance ba fãce wani almarar. Duk da haka, umurnin tilasta yin aiki.

ba za'a iya mantawaba kyakkyawa

Kammala shiri na Winter Palace karkashin Catherine II kuma ba tare da Rastrelli: Empress tura shi, yana fifita Felten, Vallin de la Mothe, Rinaldi da Betsky. Gininsu, ya halartar da dama da zane da kuma mayar da su, amma a yau za ka iya ganin cikakken bayani game da shirya Rastrelli da halitta a karkashin shugabanci. Lush gama, halayyar da Baroque style zažužžukan, ba da fada a festive bayyanar. Gininsu, ta gine yana da wani rarrabe kari don ƙirƙirar wani shafi, sa'an nan rabu da wani babba nesa, sa'an nan tattara a daure kamar, risalits (protruding sassa na gini a duk rufinta), tako kusassari.

A facade fuskantar Palace Square, Rastrelli kawota baka. A halittarsa cikin m aka yi wahayi zuwa a lokacin da yin gyare-gyare Palace a Strelna. Akai-akai gini repainted. Da farko, babban launi da aka dumi ocher, raba abubuwa (sammacin inlay) kasaftawa fari lemun tsami. Yau, da gidan sarki ganuwar da wani Emerald ya dafa. A karo na farko don haka suka zama a farkon na Great Patriotic War.

Smolny Cathedral

An dauke saman m Rastrelli Smolny Convent. Elizabethan Baroque gine na wannan gini shine a duk da ƙawa. Smolny Cathedral, da tsakiyar kashi na gungu, aka kafa Oktoba 30, 1748. Kai tsaye dubawa aikin m Kirista Knobel, amma marubucin ginin aikin ne Rastrelli.

Cathedral ado jam'i na ado abubuwa: dormer, arcuate (luchkovye) gables, mala'iku kuma vases. Da farko da m aka je gina wani gini a kan Turai model - tare da daya Dome. Elizabeth bai yarda da irin wannan bayani da kuma nace a kan biyar-domed halayyar Orthodox majalisarku. Duk da haka, shi ne haikalin nasa ne daya kadai, da most Dome. Yana yakan a kan drum na da kwalkwali-dimbin yawa, kuma shugaba tare da bulbous kai. A wasu hudu domes - mai kararrawa hasumiya.

Cathedral gani kasu kashi biyu zones. Daya hada da ƙananan ɓangare na facade, dukan bayyanar kama wani gidan sarauta. Na biyu - a cire up biyar domes - m da gine m ga saba image na cikin Haikali. Smolny Cathedral ganin darajarsa ta da yawa Sahaban Rastrelli. A yau shi ne daya daga cikin mafi kyau gine-gine na Elizabethan Baroque gine na Saint Petersburg. An located a kan Rastrelli Square a tsakiyar yankin na gari.

halittar Kvasova

Fiye da Catherine Palace a Tsarskoye Selo da Rastrelli yi aiki da sauran gine-ginen da Elizabethan Baroque: Andrey Vasilevich Kvasov da Savva Ivanovich Chevakinsky. Modern sukar gane farko marubucin da mai ceto a kan Haymarket. Wannan coci da aka kafa a 1753. Up zuwa yanzu an kiyaye su kawai a cikin hotuna: a shekara ta 1938 da aka rufe, da kuma a 1961 - hura tashi. A cikin karni na sha tara, da marubucin na coci a sakamakon Rastrelli, amma zamani malaman saba.

Ga 'yan'uwa Razumovsky Kvass Ya halitta manyan gidãje a Kozelets, Gostilitsy da Znamenka (karshe marubucin ya rage rigima). A 1748 ya yi tafiya zuwa Ukraine, inda ya yi aiki a kan ayyukan a cikin Ukrainian Baroque style.

Savva Ivanovich Chevakinsky

A Tsarskoye Selo aikin Chevakinsky gina biyu gine-gine na Catherine Palace, babban tanti "Monbijou", wanda a wannan rana ba a kiyaye su, gidaje ga ma'aikatan. Bugu da kari, da m da hannu a cikin halittar Pavilion "hermitage".

Chevakinsky shi ne shugaban sojan ruwa m. Ya dubawa gina warehouses a tsibirin "New Holland" da kuma ya ɓullo da wani shiri domin ginin Kronstadt. Elizabethan Baroque yi Chevakinsky samu musamman halaye. Gine-ginen sau da yawa amfani da bim na uku ginshikan ga Popular sasanninta, aikata baƙin ƙarfe balconies da baka da wani fure juna.

St. Nicholas Sojan Ruwa Cathedral

Babban samfurin na Chevakinsky - St. Nicholas Sojan Ruwa Cathedral. An located a St. Nicholas yanki na St. Petersburg da kuma shi ne daya daga cikin mafi kyau wakilan da Elizabethan Baroque.

Cathedral da aka gina daga 1753 zuwa 1762 shekara. A cikin sharuddan gini ne mai giciye. Babban ado kashi Nicholas Cathedral ne Corinthian ginshikan, stucco datsa, a entablement kuma ƙirƙira sanduna a kan balconies. Building nufi zuwa sama biyar gilded cupolas.

Elizabethan Baroque, wanda siffofin aka tattauna a cikin wannan labarin ba shi ne m style bayan mutuwar Elizabeth. Wannan gine-gine Trend kusan watsu lardin garuruwa. Duk da haka, da style nuna ba kawai a cikin aikin na St. Petersburg artists. Elizabethan Baroque aiwatuwa a cikin ayyukan gine-ginen a Moscow, da farko D. V. Uhtomskogo da I. F. Michurina.