Kashi densitometry kuma osteoporosis - wata dama don gano a gaba game da cutar

Osteoporosis - Pathology, a cikin abin da ƙasũsuwa rasa alli, sa'an nan ya zama gaggautsa. Idan akwai akalla traumatic factor su iya deform ko karya. Kuskure yi imani da cewa cutar ta auku a cikin mutanen da wanda jikin su ne a wani rashin adadin alli. Wannan ba gaskiya ba ne. Osteoporosis tasowa ko da tare da wani wuce haddi na alama abubuwa a cikin abinci. Dalilin da ya karu da kashi fragility ne kasa sha na alli kasusuwa ko "washout".

A etiology na osteoporosis

Da yawa daga kashi dogara a kan adadin jima'i ji ba gani. A maza, testosterone fiye da mata, don haka ƙasusuwansu ne da yawa thicker da kuma karfi. A sakamakon haka, osteoporosis ne sau da yawa bincikar lafiya a mata, musamman a cikin menopause, domin a wancan lokacin da matakin na hormones an rage muhimmanci.

Daga cikin wasu dalilai, ya kamata a lura hypodynamia osteoporosis, rashin bitamin D, ya shan ruwan inabi, shan taba, gaban kullum cututtuka (ciwon sukari, thyroid raunuka, na kullum cutar hanta da koda).

Yadda za a gane osteoporosis?

Idan wani mutum ya ce gajiya da kashi zafi, canje-canje a cikin hali da kuma Gait, gashi asara da kuma tabarbarewar hakora, kazalika da m samu karaya, shi ne shawarar yin densitometry. Wannan shi ne mai sauri da kuma cikakken m gwajin da damar samar da da kuma auna asarar kashi yawa da kuma ma'adinai content kafa da kuma kimanta hadarin samu karaya. Wannan shi ne mafi mahimmanci nunawa Hanyar for farkon ganewar asali na osteoporosis.

Jigon densitometry aka candling kashi ganuwa X-haskoki. A wannan yanayin, yi amfani da wani low kashi na ionizing radiation tsĩrar a cikin nau'i na biyu da makamashi gudana, wanda damar domin azumi da kuma cikakken dubawa.

An lura da cewa kashi densitometry halin da radiation kashi, wanda aka rage zuwa m (shi ne kasa da 1/10 daga cikin kashi cewa marasa lafiya samu a lokacin da wani misali kirji radiography).

Yaushe ne densitometry

Alamomi ga wannan binciken ne cikin wadannan jihohi:

• farkon menopause ko menopause, wanda ya auku a mata wadannan lõkacin fatara daga haila;
• gaban na koda gazawar.
• kullum cutar hanta.
• dogon lokaci magani da glucocorticoids.
• gina jiki malabsorption ciwo, wadda take kaiwa zuwa alli rashi.
• kashi densitometry ne ma gudanar a gaban rheumatoid amosanin gabbai, hyperparathyroidism da hyperadrenocorticism kazalika a hypothyroidism da ciwon sukari.

Idan akwai samu karaya da qananan rauni, shi ne kuma mai nuni ga binciken. An yi imani da cewa wani take hakkin da mutunci kashi a osteoporosis rage tsawon rayuwar marasa lafiya ko fiye da cutar daji, da haka dace ganewa na cuta ne musamman muhimmanci. Ya kamata a lura cewa a wasu lokuta nuna gaji siffofin wannan Pathology.

Kashi densitometry: Key

Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban domin ganowa osteoporosis, amma su yi amfani da shi ne mai iyaka. Saboda haka, daban-daban gyare-gyare na MRI ne tsada, gwada yawa lissafta tomography ba wani babban kashi na radiation, da binciken na dacewa biochemical fihirisa na kashi metabolism halin da gagarumin bambanci a cikin dokokin data, da mãsu haƙuri ji rashin jin daɗi a lokacin da biopsy ƙasũsuwa. Yaushe ne ganewar asali osteoporosis, densitometry ne mafi m hanya.

Amfani uku main dabaru cewa an ci gaba musamman domin ganewa na wannan cuta:

• X-ray absorptiometry.
• Duban densitometry.
• gefe lissafta tomography (yana da wani gagarumin drawback - ba da damar tantance yanayin axial kwarangwal ƙasũsuwa).

Ga dama zabi na bincike Hanyar da daidai kima na da sakamakon la'akari da peculiarities na asibiti manifestations. Har ila yau a dauki la'akari da dacewa bincike sharudda.

Principles of kimantawa densitometry sakamakon

Don bayyana binciken data samu bayan da Kalmar "osteopenia" ko amfani da "osteoporosis". Su ya kamata ba za a dauke a matsayin asibiti ganewar asali, amma kawai a matsayin alama da za a iya bi da wani kwarangwal rauni tare da ragewa yawa. Ya kamata a lura da cewa kashi densitometry ba za'ayi domin m ganewar asali da kuma gane marasa lafiya a hadarin karaya.

Tare da wannan software kayan aiki (densitometer) kwantanta sakamakon samu da kuma zaba database, da kuma bambanci ne na ilimin kididdiga. Ne m da yawan misali sabawa da ake kira da sunan T-gwajin (amfani da kwatancen da matasa na jinsi daya a matsayin haƙuri) ko Z-gwajin (don kwatanta, daukan wani rukuni na jama'a na dace shekaru, jima'i da kuma nauyi).

Idan T-gwajin ne ba fiye da 2,5 SD, wannan yayi dace da osteopenia, idan sakamakon kasa wannan adadi, wanda yayi magana daga osteoporosis. Wadannan dabi'u suna dauke "bakin kofa." Wannan kamata a yi la'akari a daidai fassarar densitometry sakamakon.

X-ray densitometry

A zahiri, tare da taimakon X-ray sakawa a iska mai guba iya gano mafi yawan ƙasũsuwa. Yawa ana gudanar da kashin baya densitometry (ya lumbosacral kashin baya) da kuma hip, inda mafi tasowa samu karaya a osteoporosis. Har ila yau, sanin da yawa daga cikin kashi nama cinya da kuma hannu da dantse densitometry ko ciyar dukan jiki. Wannan damar jarrabawa domin sanin abubuwan da ke ma'adanai a zabi yankunan na jiki ko a ko'ina cikin jiki.

A baya ga kimantawa kashi taro da kuma ma'adinai abun ciki na mahadi amfani absorptiometry isotope hanya, da manufa na wadda ta ƙunshi a fallasa wani gamma barbashi da kimantawa da mataki na su sha. An muhimmanci hasara irin wannan binciken ne mai muhimmanci radiation daukan hotuna. Daga bisani ya fara amfani da biyu-photon x-ray absorptiometry, wanda ya sosai m da kasa cutarwa ga marasa lafiya. Don kwanan wata, zai iya taimakawa wajen gano kawai 2-3% na kashi hasãra, don haka wannan binciken za a iya amfani nunawa mata a menopause for farkon ganewa na osteoporosis.

duban dan tayi densitometry

Wannan irin binciken da aka gudanar a tantance kashi ƙarfi. Wannan daukan la'akari da yawa, microstructure kuma elasticity, kazalika da kauri daga cikin cortical Layer. An muhimmin amfani na irin wannan binciken - babu radiation daukan hotuna. Idan akai la'akari da aminci daga wannan hanya, shi za a iya maimaita ba tare da wani hani.

Ba dole ne a ce cewa irin wannan densitometry dogara ne a kan ikon da ultrasonic tãguwar ruwa yada tare da surface kashi, ko warwatse a cikin kashi nama. A wannan yanayin, yana yiwuwa domin sanin elasticity, yawa, kuma stiffness na kashi.

Ya kamata a lura cewa ultrasonic kashi densitometry aka yi amfani ne kawai ga jarrabawa na gefe kwarangwal. Mafi sau da yawa, wannan hanya yayi nazari da diddige da tibia, patella, ko phalanges. Mafi yawa daga cikin kayan sanin gudun ultrasonic yaduwa ko attenuation, wanda ya nuna ba kawai a kan kashi yawa, amma kuma a kan samuwar micro ko trabecular.

ƙarshe

Ko da ta yaya osteoporosis yana bi (a cikin nau'i na wani alama ko cuta), densitometry damar domin sanin hadarin karaya. Ya kamata a tuna da cewa zabi na binciken yanki ne mai muhimmanci sosai, saboda yawa da mineralized kashi ko ba zai zama guda domin dukan kwarangwal.

Don yin da hakkin zabi, kana bukatar ka san da wadannan alamu:

• trabecular abu ya shafa a menopausal ciwo ko hypogonadal steroid rashin daidaituwa.
• fifiko ga lalacewar cortical kashi ne lura a na tsufa, hyperthyroid, m osteoporosis.
• idan haƙuri a cikin shimfiɗar jariri ko samartaka tasowa wata cuta wadda ta tsarè ci gaban da kwarangwal, ƙasusuwan an kamu da tsari lahani. Suna tare da lalacewar biyu kashi yadudduka.

Ya kamata ka san cewa akwai wani Trend na "yada" osteoporosis na axial kwarangwal zuwa ta gefe yankunan, don haka ya kamata ka farko bincika vertebrae for farkon ganewar asali. Free densitometry, da rashin alheri rare, tun da binciken da aka gudanar a yawanci masu zaman kansu asibitoci da kuma bukatar dace kayan aiki.