Marãya cututtuka da kuma da magani. Enumeration marãya cututtuka

Hauhawar jini, gastritis, da ciwon sukari - yana da quite na kowa cuta. Su ne mu abokai, masõyansa, mu, a karshen. Amma akwai wani yawan sosai rare cuta. New cututtuka, wanda mutane ba ci karo da, gano a kowace shekara. Saboda haka, marãya cututtuka - abin da yake da shi? Yadda za a rike shi?

Marãya cututtuka: abin da yake da shi?

Marãya cututtuka ne sosai rare cuta. Suna kuma kira "marãya". Duk da haka, wadannan rare pathologies akwai game da dubu bakwai. Abin farin, yiwuwar samun a daya daga su ne kadan. Idan muka yi la'akari da daukacin jama'ar na Duniya, wani m marãya cuta yakan faru a cikin mutum daya daga dubu biyu. A kasashe daban-daban, statistics a kan marãya pathologies dabam dangane da matsayin rayuwar na yawan jama'ar, ta kayyade halaye, da sauransu .. Ga misali, ba da dadewa sunk zuwa Turai kuturta annoba a lokacin rani, amma a India da yawan marasa lafiya ne yafi hakan, fiye da sauran ƙasashe.

Tun da mutane ne kudi ne marasa amfani baki ɗaya da su zuba jari a alluran da kuma magunguna ga search na rare cututtuka, da gwamnatin jihohi stimulates wannan tsari a jihar matakin. Bugu da kari, mutanen da fama da marãya pathologies, bukatar goyon baya da kuma amfanin. Resolution a kan maraya cututtuka, soma da gwamnatin Rasha Afrilu 26, 2012, ne aka yi nufi ga tsara duk al'amurran da suka shafi dangantaka da samar da kiwon lafiya da kuma sauran taimako ga irin wadannan mutane.

The asalin marãya cututtuka

A mafi marãya cututtuka suna lalacewa ta hanyar nakasar da mutum itatuwa aure. Su za a iya samu nan da nan bayan da yaro ta haihuwa ko a cikin shimfiɗar jariri. Amma mafi yawan cutar zama na fili ne kawai tare da lokaci, a lokacin da wani mutum tsiro mazan.

Daga cikin rare cuta Pathology za a iya samu, wanda bayyanar saboda dauke da kwayar cutar, autoimmune kuma mai guba matakai a cikin jiki. Good goyon baya ga ci gaban da marãya cututtuka - ƙara radiation da matalauta muhalli da yanayi, kazalika da cututtuka samu a cikin shimfiɗar jariri, da raunana na rigakafi da tsarin da kuma gadar hali.

Marãya cututtuka ne sau da yawa wuya su warkar da, don haka suka gudãna daga ƙarƙashinsu smoothly cikin kullum mataki. Tun da tsayawa pathological tafiyar matakai a wasu lokuta ba zai yiwu, haƙuri da ingancin rayuwa tabarbarewa.Idan, da kuma ƙarshe mutuwa ya auku. Babban aiki na duk likita hanyoyin - domin kara tsawon rayuwar, rage bayyanuwar cututtuka da kuma inganta haƙuri da ikon yin aiki.

Marãya cututtuka: da tsari na Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Rasha Federation

A Rasha marãya cututtuka ne cewa abin da ya auku tare da wani mita na 10 100 000. The domin marãya Cututtuka, da aka buga da Rasha gwamnati a shekarar 2012, a fili gano a jerin rare cututtuka. Su Number 230 sunayen: nephrotic ciwo, m X-chromosome, Angelman ciwo, cat kira, Lejeune ciwo, Williams ciwo, da dai sauransu ...

Har ila yau, gwamnatin umurnin ƙunshi sharudda game da rajista daga muhallinsu fama da marãya da cututtuka, da kuma hanya don samar da su da magunguna.

Idan muka yi imani da data raguna (Rasha Academy of Sciences Medical), a Rasha game da 300 000 mutane wahala daga marãya pathologies. Regional hukumomi a kudi na gida da kasafin kudin da aka kudade marãya da cututtuka da kuma magani.

Muhimmanci hanya, wanda damar lokacin da za a gane da jariri yana daya daga biyar rare hereditary cututtuka, yana da za'ayi a duk asibitoci bayan haihuwar jariri for free. shi ne ake kira "neonatal nunawa".

24 marãya cuta tsanani barazanar adam rayuwa

Har ila yau harhada wani jami'in jerin rare cututtuka, da ke haifar da farkon mutuwa ko tawaya na marasa lafiya a kan ƙasa na Rasha.

A farko line ne, marãyu cututtuka kamar hemolytic-uremic ciwo. Hus yana toxicological yanayi, take kaiwa zuwa koda insufficiency da dehydration.

Har ila yau a cikin jerin hada Marchiafava-Micheli cuta dangantaka da lalata ja da maikacin jini, aplastic anemia, unspecified, rashin lafiya-Prauera Stewart kuma Evans ciwo. Evans ciwo - a fili na autoimmune hemolytic anemia da kuma wani sabon abu kamar autoimmune thrombocytopenia.

Daya daga cikin abubuwa na jerin - shi ne wata cuta, "Maple syrup": a kayyade cutar da cewa tsokani cunkoso a cikin fitsari na wasu abubuwa, haddasa shi wari kamar Maple itace.

Take hakki na m acid metabolism, homocystinuria, glyutarikatsiduriya, galactosemia - duk wadannan cututtuka ne ma kunshe a cikin jerin kuma kai ga tsanani sakamakon.

Hemolytic uremic ciwo

Wannan cuta aka farko da aka bayyana a 1955. Ba da da ewa da cutar Gasser shiga jerin duniya ta rare marãya cututtuka.

A ciwo ne fiye da na kowa a cikin yara fiye da a manya. Ya tsokani hemolytic anemia da kuma na koda gazawar. Yana bayyana a kan bango na zawo da kuma na sama na numfashi fili kamuwa da cuta.

Lura da dangantaka tsakanin ci gaba da cutar da kuma yin amfani da baka hana, miyagun kwayoyi, da kuma gaban ko AIDS haƙuri da tsari lupus erythematosus.

Cutar na iya zama hereditary da suka wuce a daga iyaye zuwa 'ya'ya ga dominatnomu ko recessive hali.

An samo hemolytic uremic ciwo ne jawo da gubobi da kwayoyin da cewa zai iya lalata endothelial Kwayoyin. The saran yawan lokuta (kusan 70%) ne jawo da kamuwa da cuta E. coli O157: H7. Yana yiwuwa a zama kamuwa da Cats, da kuma bayan cin nama wanda bai kasance isasshen zafi magani na raw ruwa da kuma unpasteurized madara.

Cystic fibrosis - ya fi na kowa cuta a Rasha Orff

Dukkan marãya cututtuka cystic fibrosis a Rasha auku mafi sau da yawa. Wannan cuta aka dauke su hereditary da aka bayyana a cikin yaro daga farko kwanaki na rayuwa.

Hanyar pathological canje-canje a cikin jiki - maye gurbi na wani gene da take kaiwa zuwa ƙãra jari na danko sosai gamsai a daban-daban gabobin. Akwai da dama siffofin cystic fibrosis: huhu Escherichia, broncho-na huhu da kuma hanji.

Tare da shan kashi na bronchi da kuma huhu da kusan shekaru biyu da yaro zai fara zuwa azãba tari, tare da m phlegm. A wannan yanayin, a lokacin da wani pathological aiwatar shiga wani kwayan kamuwa da cuta tasowa maimaita mashako ko ciwon huhu.

Hanji form tare da rage yawan enzymatic ayyuka na ciki, haddasa undigested abinci a cikin hanjinsu fara rot. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa maye, stool cuta, amai da kuma t. D.

Jiyya marãya cututtuka a m nau'i ne da za'ayi a wani asibiti. Manufar far a cystic fibrosis - dace fitarwa na gamsai daga jiki ( «N-acetylcysteine"), kara enzymatic ayyuka na ciki da kuma pancreas ( "Pancreatin", "Festal").

Kullum mucosal candidiasis

Irin wannan marãya cututtuka kamar na kullum mucosal candidiasis, hade tare da mai illa leukocyte aiki. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa gaskiya cewa cutaneous kuma mucosal tsokoki na jikin zama sauki ganima ga fungi na HALITTAR Candida. Haka kuma cutar lalacewa ta hanyar mutum halittar jini, kuma gaji.

Abin da cututtuka su ne halayyar kullum mucous candidiasis?

1. Da fari dai, fata, da kusoshi, kuma mucosal nama shafi cikin naman gwari.
2. Abu na biyu, mutumin da kullum ji gajiya da lethargy. Yana shan wahala daga low jini.
3. Na uku, a lokacin da cuta an rage jini sugar matakan da convulsions bayyana.
4. Huxu, watakila da gashi asarar da kuma bayyanar hyperpigmentation na fata.

Kullum mucosal candidiasis tsokani ci gaban da kullum cutar huhu, da kuma hepatitis. A yara, cutar sa a shekarar da muke ciki a girma da kuma ci gaba.

Ganewar asali na faruwa ne ta kayyade gudanar da bincike.

Babban Hanyar magani - An samun antifungal jamiái ( "Nystatin" "clotrimazole" da dai sauransu ...).

zygomycosis

A jerin rare marãya cututtuka ma ya hada da zygomycosis.

Wannan cuta farawa wajen samar da bayan kamuwa da cuta dimorphic fungi. Sun shiga cikin jiki ta hanyar inhalation ko ta hanyar karya fata. Dimorphic fungi rayuwa a wuraren da high zafi - a cikin ƙasa, rubabben shuke-shuke. A wasu lokuta, suka bayyana a kan mildewed 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, cuku da kuma gurasa.

Zygomycosis rashin lafiya ne kusan ba zai yiwu tare da m rigakafi. Akwai sosai 'yan lokuta inda wani m mutum ya kamu da fungi bayan iya shiga raunuka da kuma cizon kwari.

M zygomycosis rinjayar mutane da sosai raunana na rigakafi da tsarin:

• masu ciwon sukari.
• fama da shafe tsawon acidosis.
• dashi gabobin.
• jurewa glucocorticoid magani.
• kamu da cutar AIDS.

Zygomycosis hankali take kaiwa zuwa necrosis daga kyallen takarda da jini, to abin da suke namomin kaza. Saboda haka, lura shi ne m, kuma mafi tasiri hanyoyin kwantar da hankali zuwa ranar ne excision na nama da kuma yin amfani da amphotericin B a high allurai.

Lynch ciwo

Marãya cututtuka da cewa jerin updated tare da sabon sunayen a kowace shekara, hada da Lynch ciwo - ciwon daji ta hanji cewa shi ne hereditary. A wannan yanayin, da ciwon daji tasowa a sakamakon kwayoyin maye gurbi da Pathology da dama kwayoyin halittu. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa shi ba ya kasance a cikin category na al'ada ciwon daji.

Wannan ciwo, da rashin alheri, shi ne na kowa: a Turai aka same shi a cikin mutum daya daga dubu biyu. Saka irin wannan ganewar asali a lokuta inda ba ƙasa da uku zumunta na haƙuri (na farko domin) da aka kamu da ciwon daji ta hanji yana da shekaru 50 da shekaru.

A dako na mutant gene suna predisposed ba kawai don hanji da cutar daji, amma kuma zuwa colorectal ciwon daji, da ciwon daji na endometrium, kwai, ciki, kwakwalwa, da sauransu. D.

A ciwo ne kamu bisa ga ma'auni Amsterdam II.

thymoma

A jerin rare marãya cututtuka hada thymoma. A karkashin wannan sunan boyewa kowane irin thymic siffofin maruran. Sun yawanci benign, amma irin wannan definition ne sosai matukar. Ba tare da ta dace magani, wadannan siffofin maruran iya metastasize, da kuma bayan kau - recur.

A lokacin da thymoma kusan sa kanta ji. Lokacin da ta kai a wasu size, bayyanar cututtuka na matsawa na kusa gabobin, akwai wani kumburi daga cikin wuyansa veins, kuma shortness na numfashi da kuma zuciya palpitations. Yara thymoma iya muhimmanci deform da kirji.

Bugu da kari a wadannan cututtuka na iya faruwa:

• puffiness na fuska.
• exacerbation na numfashi cututtuka.
• Pain haskakawa da kafada yanki, wuyansa da tsakanin kafada ruwan wukake.

Thymoma kamu amfani radiological jarrabawa, lissafta tomography.

Babban magani - gudanar. Kau da ƙari wajibi ne, in ba haka ba za su yi girma, da kuma haƙuri da kiwon lafiya da deteriorate.

Sarcoma na kashi da articular guringuntsi na wata gabar jiki

Sarcoma (m ƙari ko) kashi da articular guringuntsi - wannan marãya cuta. A jerin rare pathologies hada sarcoma, tun da shi ne ba da hankula da ciwon daji.

Classic ciwon daji kafa ta epithelial Kwayoyin, kuma sarcoma a wannan batun ba a iyakance zuwa - zai iya shafar kashi (osteosarcoma), guringuntsi (chondrosarcoma), tsoka (miosarkoma), mai (liposarcoma), da ganuwar jini da kuma Lymph tasoshin. Sauran sarcoma ne kama da saba ciwon daji, sai dai cewa shi ne na girma a wani kara taki.

The real haddasawa da wannan cuta ba ta riga an kafa. By sa dalilai sun hada da ƙari masu bincike:

• daukan hotuna zuwa Carcinogens.
• rinjayar cutarwa sunadarai.
• radiation;
• cutar kamuwa da cuta.
• rauni.

Farkon ganewar asali da cuta ne kusan ba zai yiwu. Sarcoma kanta kusan ba ya nuna, sai dai cewa mai maras ban sha'awa zafi a cikin ƙari shafin. Jiyyar cutar sankara, tiyata, radiation far - babban hanyoyin da magani na cutar.

retinoblastoma

Marãya cututtuka a wadda jerin 230 qunshi RF sunayen sun hada da kuma retinoblastoma. Wannan cutar da ake dangantawa da bayyanar da wani m ƙari a kan haske a jikin. Shi ne kayyade: lalacewa ta hanyar maye gurbi na RB gene.

Retinoblastoma fara ci gaba a jariri da escalates zuwa shekaru biyu. A cutar za a iya gani a matsayin wani gandun daji, tun da saran yawan lokuta ana bincikar lafiya a cikin ta farko cikin shekaru biyar na rayuwa.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka da cutar sun hada da m haske da almajiri, ocular zafi da kuma kwatsam asarar hangen nesa. Amma da jariri don gane wadannan cututtuka kusan ba zai yiwu.

Ga ganewar asali bukata MRI, duban dan tayi, CT.

Domin lura amfani ra'ayin mazan jiya hanyoyin, amma suna da tsada: ga biyar-mako hanya na radiation far a cikin kananan dakunan shan magani kai 10 zuwa 12 dubu kudin Tarayyar Turai (game da dubu 100 rubles). Cryotherapy ne yadu amfani, kazalika da photocoagulation. Babban amfani da wadannan hanyoyin shi ne cewa su ba ka damar ajiye wahayi haƙuri.

Hodgkin ta cuta

Wani kowa marãya cututtuka - a lymphoma (Hodgkin ta cutar). Cuta rinjayar kawai gabobin dauke da lymphoid nama. Saboda haka, mafi halayyar alama na shi - yana da kumbura Lymph nodes. Da farko pathological tafiyar matakai shafi na ciki da kuma thoracic cavities. A sakamakon haka, da mãsu haƙuri ji zafi a cikin kirji, shortness na numfashi gwaje-gwaje, ya kasance da damuwa game da tari da kuma asarar ci. A tsanani lokuta, kara girman Lymph nodes ne iya sa matsa lamba a kan ciki, har ma da matsawa da kodan.

Fever, sweating, da kuma jin wani m jin sanyi bi da ci gaban Hodgkin ta cutar.

A dalilan da cewa fararwa pathological tafiyar matakai a cikin lymphoid nama, masana kimiyya sun samu. Akwai shawarwari da cewa ci gaban da cutar farawa da Epstein-Barr cutar ko rigakafi ƙarara.

A lura da Hodgkin ta cuta ke tsunduma a Oncology da Hematology. A haƙuri shigarsu duban dan tayi da kuma biopsy hanya, CT ko MRI.

Idan ba ka magance lura da cuta, mutuwa na faruwa a cikin shekaru 10. Babban hanyoyin da magani - An samun anticancer kwayoyi da kuma radiation jiyya.

Saboda haka, akwai mutane da yawa rare cututtuka. Wasu daga cikin su suna samu a cikin mutane na da cikakken duk ƙasashe, da kuma wasu - kawai a takamaiman yankuna na duniya. Medical da kuma taimakon kudi ga marasa lafiya da suka sha wahala daga m cututtuka, shi ne wani ɓangare na zamantakewa shirin na duk raya ƙasashe.