Matsayi mai mahimmanci. Wanene ya fi Oscars?

Marubucin zane na zane-zane mai suna Oscar, Cedric Gibbons (1893-1960), masanin zane da kuma zane-zane wanda ke aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha a cibiyar MGM. Sun ce ya yi asali na kyautar makomar nan gaba don minti kadan yayin da yake zaune a kan "tashi" na gaba a gudanarwa. A hanyar, bisa ga yawan lambobin da aka karɓa - 11 - yana daukan wuri na biyu.

Kuma wanene ya fi Oscars, wanda ya fi sau da yawa a kan mataki don ya dauki kyauta mafi kyawun fim a duniya?

Tarihi

An shirya shirye-shiryen fina-finai daga farawa a Amurka a matsayin kasuwancin gaske. Don magance matsalolin da ke tsakanin ma'aikata daya da ke aiki a cikin masana'antu da kamfanonin fina-finai, an bukaci jiki na musamman wanda yake da cikakken isasshen ikon aiwatar da waɗannan ayyuka. A 1927 an kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Cinematographic da Kimiyya. A cikin shekarar 1929, daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa makarantar, daya daga cikin masu gabatar da fina-finai a duniya - Louis Burt Mayer (1884-1957), shugaban MGM mai suna Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ya ba da kyautar kyautar kyauta ga 'yan fim wadanda suka yi gudunmawa wajen bunkasa cinikin hoto. . Da farko an kira wannan lambar yabo "lambar yabo", kuma bayan shekaru shida sai aka kira shi "Oscar".

Kwanan da aka yi da wani jarumi a kan takobin da aka sanya a tsaye a tsaye da kuma tsaye a kan wani doki tare da fim wanda ake kira Oscar ne kawai a 1939. A karo na farko da wannan sunan da aka sanya a cikin comments on na farko awards Ketrin Hepbern. Asalinta ba shi da kyau - an yi imani da cewa lokacin da wani dan jarida mai kula da Cibiyar Academy Margaret Herrick ta ga talifin a ranar farko ta aiki, sai ta ce: "Wannan shi ne kawuna na Oscar!" Sai ya bayyana cewa kawuna na ba kawuna ba ne, amma dan uwanmu, da sauran sauran alamomi , Amma wannan labarin ya zama abin ƙyama, kuma sunan yana da almara.

Babban mafarki

Lokacin da Walt Disney (1901-1966) ya tambayi abin da yake asirin nasararsa, yadda za a yi mafarkinsa, ya amsa - aiki! A karkashin wannan mahimmancin, dukan rayuwar mai kayatarwa ya wuce. Tasirinsa na fasaha da aiki mai kyau na zamani, wanda aka kafa a 1924 kuma ya kasance a cikin gidan kaso na kawunsa, ya zama kamfanin kirkiro da dala biliyan biliyan, shugaban duniya a cikin masana'antar nishaɗi. Disney - wanda ya karbi mafi yawan Oscars a cikin tarihin fina-finai, kuma ya wuce nasarawarsa - 26 sauti - ba zai yi nasara ba har tsawon lokaci.

Tun daga farkon shekarun karni na arshe, Disney ya samar da fina-finai da suka yi mamakin halayen halayensu, masu kirkiro da kuma fasaha na fasaha. Na farko zane-zane tare da sauti na sync, da farko amfani da sauti sitiriyo, na farko da cikakken animation, da dai sauransu - duk waɗannan su ne nasarorin na Disney studio. Ba abin mamaki bane, an bayar da kyauta guda ko fiye da shekaru a jagorancinsa, kuma yana da mafi yawan adadin Oscars da aka samu a kowanne ɗayan, a tarihin Cibiyar Nazarin Amirka. Da zarar ya karbi siffofi 4 a yanzu (1954), kuma akwai 26 daga cikinsu kawai. Duk wa] anda aka za ~ e su ne 59. Domin "Snow White" a 1939 ya sami Oscar guda bakwai da kananan yara bakwai - bisa ga yawan gnomes - daya daga cikin alhakin da suka samu kyauta.

Hanyoyi na Musamman da Kasuwanci

Sun ce idan kana da manufar samun rayuwa kyauta a duniya, ya fi dacewa wajen magance matsalolin kwarewa ko kayayyaki. Yana daga cikin kwararru wadanda aka rarraba mafi yawan Oscars. Alal misali, Dennis Mureen (1946) - mutumin da ya fi kyauta daga masu rai - 9 "Oscars". Ya yi aiki tare da Steven Spielberg a kan "The Alien", "Jurassic Park" da kuma fina-finai game da Indiana Jones, tare da George Lucas yayi "Star Wars", kuma tare da Cameron ya halicci "Terminator", da sauransu.

Kuma wanene ya fi "Oscars" na mata da ke cikin fina-finai? Wannan shi ne Edith Head (1897-1981) - mai zanen kayan ado, wanda ya sami "Oscars" takwas a lokacin da yake aiki. Ta ado da yawa daga cikin shahararrun movie taurari a Hollywood - Bette Davis, Elizabeth Taylor, Gregori Peka da Odri Hepbern, Humphrey Bogart da Annu Manyani, Robert Redford, Paul Newman da Shirli Makleyn. A duka an zabi ta sau 24.

Mafi Daraktan

Mutanen wannan sana'a suna dauke su ne waɗanda suka ƙayyade ainihin halaye na fim - duk da fasaha da kasuwanci. Yawanci sau da yawa suna da alhakin dukan abubuwan da aka tsara na fim, daga rubutun zuwa ga yakin talla da kuma ƙungiyar farko. Amma za su iya samun lada ba kawai don jagorancin mafi kyau ba. Saboda haka, tambayar wanda ya fi "Oscars" daga masu gudanarwa, na iya buƙatar bayani, kuma amsar ita zata iya zama daidai.

Yawancinsu daga cikin direbobi daga cikin direbobi sune Francis Ford Coppola, wadanda suka hada da bayyanar saga "The Fatherfather", mahaliccin fina-finan fina-finai "Apocalypse Now", "Conversation", da dai sauransu. Yana da lambar yabo ta mutum 6. Daga cikinsu: uku don rubutun fina-finai don fina-finai, ɗaya don mafi kyawun fim da shugabanci mafi kyau, kuma na shida don gudunmawar gagarumar gudummawa wajen bunkasa cinikin hoto a matsayin mai samar.

Babban daraktan darektan Federico Fellini (1920-1993) ya karbi siffofin zinari guda biyar, wanda 4 - don mafi kyawun fina-finai na waje, da na biyar - kyauta mai daraja ga gudunmawarsa wajen bunkasa hotuna.

Actress No. 1

Amsar wannan tambayar game da wanda ya fi "Oscars" daga masu aikin kwaikwayo ba abu ne mai ban mamaki ba: daga Katherine Hepburn (1907-2003). Wannan fim din din din din din din din din din din din din din din na Amurka din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din na Amurka ya gane shi ne mafi kyawun 'yan mata a cikin tarihin Hollywood wanda ya zama mafi kyawun kwararru a duniya.

A cikin duka, tarihinta yana da wakilai 12, kuma a tsakanin farkon - "Tsarin Farko" (1934) da kuma na karshe - "A Kan Tekun Kanki" (1982) shekaru 48 sun wuce! Dukansu biyu sun ƙare, kuma ba tare da haka ba, akwai wasu siffofin zinari guda biyu - a 1968 da 1969. Dukansu sun wuce mafi girma ga 'yan wasan kwaikwayon da aka zaba - mafi kyaun mata.

'Yan wasan kwaikwayo-Oscar-Bearers

Sau uku mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo-mutum ne aka ba kyautar kyautar kyauta ta fim - Daniel Day-Lewis (1957) da kuma sau uku - domin mafi kyawun aikin namiji. Wannan dan wasan kwaikwayo na Birtaniya ya zama misali na ban mamaki game da aikin. Ya hada baki ranked a cikin mafi girma da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a film tarihi, duk da cewa ba shi da wani Filmography da uku dozin zane-zane. Shan hotuna a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yana ciyarwa mafi yawan lokutansa a ɓoye, aikin gwangwani ko watã mai haske a matsayin mai kalle. Ya "Oscars" ya yi ta kwantar da hankula, ba shakka ba ya karɓa daga gaskiyar karbar su. A cikin tambayoyin da ba a yi ba, ya karfafa: to auna wanda ya fi "Oscars" ba shi ba ne.

Uku saman film awards daga Jack Nicholson (1937), Ingrid Bergman (1915-1982) da kuma m Meril Gaza (1949), a cikin abin da mai rikodin yawan gabatarwa - 19! Dukkansu suna da Oscars guda biyu don muhimmiyar rawa da kuma sakamako daya don matsayi na shirin na biyu. Ya kasance irin wannan matsayi da cewa dukkanin batutuwansa guda uku sun karbi wani dan wasan kwaikwayo, mai suna Oscar-Winner sau uku, - Walter Brennan (1894-1974).