Mene ne Melancholia? Meaning, ma'ana da kuma iri na melancholy

Melanncholia kalma yana Greek Tushen (chole - bile, mélas - black). Melancholia ne mai cuta daga cikin shafi tunanin mutum da yanayi, tare da tawayar yanayi. A baya can suka kira ciki.

A kadan tarihi

Lokacin da Kalmar "melancholy" na farko ya bayyana? Ma'ana, yadda aka ce, shi ne m da Greek asalinsu. A farko description na jihar da aka samu a Homer a cikin "Iliad", wanda ya gaya na wanderings na Bellerophon Aleisk filin. Pifagor Samossky ya shawarwari a kan abin da ya faru na ciki. A musamman, a cikin rubuce-rubucen, ya ce cewa a lokacin da wani Fit na fushi ko bakin ciki dole ne samu daga mutane da kuma, bar shi kadai, "ciki" ji, ya zo a kwantar da hankula. Pythagoras ya na farko music far wajabta. A gloom, ya bada shawarar sa'o'i sauraron music - waka Hesiod. Democritus rika tantance rayukansu da kuma dudduba duniya, a lokacin da wani mutum ya zo da melancholy (ma'ana - ciki, ciki, ciki). A lokacin wani Extended bayyananne jihar tabbatar da dalilin da aka ba.

Wanda farko ya ba da definition na?

Farko na yunkurin ayyana abin da melancholy, Hippocrates. A cikin ayyukansu, akwai biyu Concepts da wanda ya yi kokarin bayyana wannan jiha. Da fari dai, Hippocrates kira melancholic halin ne daya daga cikin mutane a cikin jikin wanda ya tara mai yawa bile.

A cewar shi, mutanen da suka ayan irin wannan jiha na al'umma da kuma kauce wa haske, ya ko da yaushe ganin caricatures hadari. Bugu da kari, wadannan mutane suna kullum gunaguni game da zafi a ciki, "kamar yadda idan suka da aka jefa da yawa daga needles." Jayayya game da abin da melancholy, Hippocrates nasaba da wannan yanayin da doguwar rashin lafiya. Ya kuma bayyana wasu cututtuka: rashin barci, gudu zuwa abinci, juyayi, irritability. Ba dole ne a ce: zato cewa da precipitating dalilai da za a samu a cikin kwakwalwa, mafi m magabata Hippocrates. Amma shi wanda ya yi rubuta cewa dukan gunaguni da korafinsu suna zaune a kai. Shi ne daga wannan mutum ya zama mahaukaci, shi rufe da tsoro ko tashin hankali.

Kamar yadda wani da aka ambata manufar aiki melanncholia?

Gaskiyar cewa irin wannan melancholy, jãyayya da yawa masana falsafa. Alal misali, a cikin rubuce-rubucen, Aristotle tambaya: "Me mutane haskaka a cikin jama'a gwamnati ko ayyukan, an halin da m zaman raunanar?" Wasu sha wahala daga jaundice (Hercules misali). Ya aka yi ĩmãni ya Sahaban, ya kasance melancholic, kuma a madadin na farko kira Herculean cuta. A Plato da rubuce-rubucen akwai da dama ma'anar ciki. Jayayya da cewa wannan wani melancholy Falsafa, ya yi magana a wasu jihohi na mania. Yana iya dauka da tsari na hauka, fushi ko wahayi da kuma ni'ima. A karshen harka, Plato yi magana da "daidai" da fushi emanating daga Muses. A wasu kalmomin, ciki, bisa ga shi, ya ba da poetic wahayinMu, kuma ishãra zuwa da abũbuwan amfãni daga wani mutum m ya kasance a cikin irin wannan jiha a kan wasu, talakawa mutane, wanda shi ne halayyar yau da kullum rationality. Avicenna ma ya ba da definition daga abin da yake melancholy. A cikin rubuce-rubucen, sai ya kira wani Jihar kaucewa fuskantar rashin lafiya, lalacewa, da tsoro ba. Ƙayyade da jihar zai iya zama a kan wani m kamu da wani ra'ayi, a kan-tunani, ra'ayi, neman zuwa ga ƙasa, ko a kan kawai da abu daya. A matsayin wata ãyã daga Avicenna ma ya kira a kan fuskarsa bakin ciki da kuma rashin barci.

A zamani rarrabuwa da shafi tunanin mutum pathologies

Cutar na iya faruwa a shekaru daban-daban. Duk da haka, mafi saukin kamuwa zuwa shafi tunanin mutum da cuta mazan mutane da kuma tsofaffi. A wannan Pathology iya fararwa ko ba fararwa gigin-tsufa. A magani rarrabe na tsufa da kuma involutional psychoses. A cikin farko idan, cutar tasowa a kan tushen da mai hallakaswa aiwatar a cikin kwakwalwa. Yana yana tare da babban take hakki na hankali.

involutional cuta

Wadannan pathologies hada cuta da ba su kai ga gigin-tsufa. Sun bayar da gudummawa ga ci gaban musamman sito mutum - tare da alamun rigidity, suspiciousness, tashin hankali. Kamar yadda precipitating dalilai iya aiki kafin somatic cututtuka, traumatic yanayi. Involutional melancholia halin mata bayan menopause (hormonal canje-canje a cikin jiki). Tsawo tashin hankali da kuma delusional ciki ko juyayi faruwa yawanci tsakanin zamanai na 50-65 shekaru.

magani

A zamanin d Roma, warkewa shisshigi kunshi bloodletting. Duk da haka, idan haƙuri da kiwon lafiya saboda raunin da wannan hanya da aka contraindicated, sa'an nan gudanar emetics. A haƙuri ne kuma shawarar shafa dukan jiki, laxatives. Ancient likitoci kokarin a lokacin jiyya da haƙuri wahayi zuwa gare su da kyau ruhohi. Daya daga cikin mafi inganci hanyoyin sun tambayoyi tare da melancholy a kan batutuwa da cewa sha'awar shi kafin. Patricia ma aikata akalla tasiri hanyar yin kawar da cutar - nisha tare da barci rashi.

Terapevicheskie hanyoyin amfani daga XVIII ga XX karni

A Jamus, melancholy bi sosai m hanya. Haƙuri daura wani juyawa dabaran, mu dauka cewa da centrifugal karfi zai kawar da "pood kaya kashe kafadu", "gubar nauyi daga reshe." Ya kamata, duk da haka, a ce cewa kafin karni na ashirin da rashin lafiya, samun da psychiatrists, kada ka tsaya a kan bikin. A lokacin da za a rabu da shafi tunanin mutum da cututtuka ne fairly m hanyoyin: a riƙe a cikin kewaye, duka, yunwa. Wannan magani, musamman, samu da kuma George Uku. Sa'ad da sarki ya fadi a cikin wani haukata a kan shawarwari na mafi kyau Turai likitoci ya an hõre matsanancin duka. Lokacin da ya sha wahala wani hari na melancholy, uku Georg mutu.

Game da uku-bariki na karni a magani amfani hydrotherapy. Don kawar ciki, yanayi reliever decadent amfani kwatsam nutsewa a cikin ruwan sanyi har sai da na farko ãyõyin a haƙuri shaƙa. Tsawon zaman da haƙuri a irin wannan yanayi ya daidaita da lokaci da cewa ya zama dole ga ba ma m karatu na zaburar Miserere. Kuma amfani da wani m Hanyar a lokacin: haƙuri kwance a cikin wanka Shades, da kuma zuba shi a kan kansa da hamsin buckets na ruwan sanyi. A farkon karni XIX a Rasha domin lura da used aikace-aikace na leeches zuwa dubura, shafa da shugaban ruwan inabi tartar emetic. Kuma an wajabta, dumi baho in winter, da kuma a lokacin rani - sanyi. Kafin aikace-aikace na janar shahararsa ta antidepressants amfani da kwayoyi. The rare sun opium da opiates. Wadannan kwayoyi suna amfani har da sittin daga cikin karni na ashirin.

Hanyoyin zamani na magani

Yawanci, anti-depressants wajabta don ya rage ko kawar da jihar ciki. Za su iya yin rijista a hade tare da low allurai neuroleptic kwayoyi (irin nufin, misali, kamar yadda "Etaperazin" "frenolona" "Sonapaks"). Babban burin magani ne ga taimaka danniya, kawar da tsoro, tashin hankali, delirium. Da miyagun ƙwayoyi An wajabta ta halartar likita. Tare da ineffectiveness irin wannan magani, a wasu lokuta electroconvulsive far da aka nuna. Yawancin lokaci, da mãsu haƙuri aka sanya a cikin wani asibitin masu tabin hankali.