Meningitis a kindergarten: shi ke yadda suka samun kamuwa, yadda za a hana cuta?

Meningitis kira mutuwa da cutar inda kumburi fallasa kwakwalwa da kuma laka. Kira cutar da daya ko fiye microbes, dõmin ta kasance wata cutar, ko da wani bacteria, wani naman gwari.

Ware wani primary meningitis, inda cutar ne mai zaman kanta tsari da kuma za a iya lalacewa ta hanyar wani virus ko kwayoyin cuta (kagaggun meningococcus ko Haemophilus influenzae). Sau da yawa suka sha daga yara, matasa, da tsofaffi. Akwai kuma wani sakandare meningitis, wadda ba a shekaru da suke da alaka da bambance-bambance. Yana auku a matsayin mai wahala na kwayar cututtuka (kyanda, varicella, mumps, rubella) ko surkin jini (otitis, sinusitis, sepsis). Meningitis a kindergarten - a primary tsari, da kuma mafi sau da yawa shi ne ya sa ta kome fiye da meningococcus. Meningococcal meningitis ne wani nau'i na kamuwa da cuta.

Mene ne meningococcal cuta?

A cuta ne ya sa ta a microbe, wanda da dama daga mutum daya zuwa wani da Airborne droplets. Wannan bacteria ne sosai m, amma da sauri mutu a cikin sanyi iska, don haka da ya faru na annobar cutar yiwu ta hanyar kusa lamba ko a cikin mutane da suke a cikin dumi ɗaka.

80% na lokuta na farko meningitis an haɗa da meningococcus, kuma mai tsanani siffofin faruwa kusan ko da yaushe a yara daga watanni shida na rayuwar (yara 6-10 watanni kariya daga kwayoyin cuta masu juna biyu antibodies) ko matasa saboda gaskiyar cewa ba su da lokacin da za a ci gaba da kariya ga shi . Saboda haka, meningococcal meningitis ya ake kira "meningitis yara" (kafin shi ne saboda da infectiousness kira annoba cerebrospinal).

A kowace shekara, akwai mutum lokuta na meningococcal kamuwa da cuta, sa'an nan rubuce meningococcal kungiyar B. Amma da zarar kowane shekaru uku ko hudu akwai wani meningitis fashewa lalacewa ta hanyar meningococcal kungiyar A annoba faruwa mafi sau da yawa a cikin hunturu da kuma bazara, wanda aka haɗa tare da general dakushe kebantattun lokaci, da kuma cewa a wannan lokaci na shekara, yara suna wuya tafiya da su a cikin dakin.

Akwai da dama siffofin meningococcal kamuwa da cuta. A mafi hatsari na su cikin sharuddan infectiousness:

- karusa, a lokacin da wani mutum ba ya jin rashin lafiya a lokaci guda rayayye a cikin 2-4 makonni da kwayoyin Airborne.

- meningococcal nasopharyngitis, wanda shi ne sauki da wani sashe, shi ne sau da yawa ba kamu, kamar yadda kama da al'ada na SARS.

Sauran siffofin rai-barazanar kamuwa da cutar. Yana meningitis (ko meningoencephalitis) da kuma meningococcal septicemia (meningococcemia). Meningitis a kindergarten, ya sa ta hanyar wannan bacteria ba dole ba ne gudana daga rash, don haka babu bukatar mu jira ta bayyanar. Kazalika da ya faru na wani sabon abu rash ko da ba tare da wani alamun shi ne dalilin da kira "motar asibiti" (ba da wani pediatrician, wato, "ER", kamar yadda wani lokacin score ke zuwa minti).

Ta yaya meningococcal meningitis?

A cuta kusan ko da yaushe fara sa samun abinci, amma kuma iya ci gaba kamar yadda mai wahala na meningococcal nasopharyngitis, to, shi za a wadda ta gabãta daga m zazzabi, runny hanci, ciwon makogwaro da kuma rashin jin daɗi. A farko bayyanar cututtuka - shi ne mai tsanani da ciwon kai, wanda ya auku a lokaci guda tare da Yunƙurin a yawan zafin jiki zuwa high lambobi. Har ila yau ya bayyana amai (ta sau da yawa maimaita, bayan ta zama sauki), photophobia. Karuwan fata ji na ƙwarai to al'ada touch (da suka fara zuwa haifar da rashin jin daɗi). Meningitis zai iya ci gaba cikin sauri a lokacin bayyanar mai tsanani da ciwon kai ga sosai sani daukan kawai 2-3 hours, amma zai iya faru sannu a hankali.

Rikice yawanci bayyana a matsayin block, wanda motsa a cikin somnolence, da yaro ya zama da wahala to tada. Wani lokaci wannan yanayin da aka riga da convulsions (gajere da kuma ƙara da illa sani), wani lokacin - da tashin hankali da kuma kasawarsa da yaro.

Rash - ba wani m alama. Idan meningococcal cuta da rash abubuwa kusan ko da yaushe suna da wadannan halaye:

- duhu launi;

- plotnovata ga tabawa, ga alama cewa su protrude sama da surface na fata.

- sau da yawa fara bayyana a hannuwan, feet, kafafu, hannaye, gindi, gangar jikin da kai - sa'an nan;

- wani nau'i - kusa da siffar wani star.

- iya zama wuraren necrosis.

- rash ba kunna kodadde lokacin da matsi a kan shi tare da gilashin ko miƙa fata a ƙasa.

Ko akwai wani bayyanar cututtuka, kawai m rash bayyana a cikin bango high zazzabi, da kuma shi ne, ba kama wani rashin lafiyan, shi ne wani lokaci kira "motar asibiti."

Yaya ba "kama" meningitis a kindergarten?

100% da wannan cuta ba za a iya ceto. Amma idan yaro ta fushi, kada ka manta game da m ci bitamin a lokacin sanyi kakar, nan da nan a tuntuɓi Laura pediatrician ko cututtuka a hali na tari, gamsai da sauran alamu na SARS, yana yiwuwa su hana meningococcal nasopharyngeal wani wuri m. Idan samu a cikin lambu meningococcal kamuwa da cuta, shi wajibi ne don tuntubar tare da wani cutar gwani game da prophylactic maganin rigakafi (watakila shi ya sa hankali domin a sadar da amfanin gona zuwa nasopharynx). All manya a taron na ãyõyin SARS a yaro ya yi tafiya a mask.

Bada mafi girma da tabbacin lamba da meningococcus, wanda za a iya yi kawai ga yara girmi shekaru biyu, kowane uku zuwa shekaru hudu (dangane da maganin). Bayan lamba, shi ne yawanci kawai lura gida dauki da kuma zazzabi cikin 36 hours (da shi yayi Magana game da samuwar rigakafi).

Musamman da aka nuna alurar riga kafi ga yara da ciwon nakasar da matsaloli tare da tsakiya m tsarin, kamar yadda suka yi a kindergarten meningitis tasowa mafi sau da yawa.