Na ginin jumla bambanci

Rara bambanci - wani Hanyar ci gaba da American psychologist Charles Osgood don auna connotative ma'anar kalmomi, abubuwa, ideas, al'adu dabi'u. Ana amfani da daban-daban sociological karatu, kuma a marketing, bincike, mai amfani da kwarewa, far.

Akwai biyu dabi'u na ilimin harsuna raka'a (kalmomi): denotative da connotative. Denotation - a lexical da darajar. Connotation - suggestive ma'anar. Alal misali, ka yi la'akari da kalmar "Tiger" ko "gaggafa a baya." Su wakiltar dabbobi, amma su connotative ma'anar - ƙarfi, ikon.

A farkon 1950s, Charlz Osgud da takwarorinsa amfani da wani littafin jerin kalmomi "Roget ta littafin jerin kalmomi", don samar da wani bipolar sikelin, dangane da na ginin jumla hamayya da juna: "mai kyau-bad", "m-jinkirin", "tsabta-datti", "m-banza "" kawai-zãlunci, "" m-wuya "da sauransu. Osgood kira da sikelin kamar haka: na ginin jumla bambanci kamar yadda suke bambanta a kan tushen da rabo na tsanani da kayadadden fahimtar da mutum connotative ma'anonin kalmomi.

A binciken da tawagar ya iya amfani da kunna yayin da kwamfuta fasaha da kuma factor bincike don gano yawa data da taimakon da yawa "mahukunta" (talakawa mutane gayyace su bayyana ra'ayi), wanda ya kimanta fiye da dubu ra'ayoyi a kan da yawa Sikeli, na ginin jumla bambanci. A sakamakon da aka gano na ginin jumla sarari - akwai uku da muhimman hakkokin ji na halaye, kowane a cikin zaman jama'a yanayi, ko da harshen, ko kuma al'adu. M gwaje-gwajen da masu bincike da yawa a duniya ya tabbatar da inganci na na ginin jumla sarari da gicciyensa-al'adu tushe.

Rara bambanci awo mutane ta halayen da kara kuzari kalmomi kuma Concepts cikin sharuddan da aka kiyasta coefficients a bipolar Sikeli wasu fi'ili saɓanin ma'ana a kowane karshen na sikelin.

Bayan nazarin connotative ma'anar da yawa Concepts, Charlz Osgud da takwarorinsa sun gano uku na asali kiyasta bakwai-aya sikelin: "kima", "ikon", "aiki":

- Good _3 ___ __ 2 __: __ 1 __ __ __ 0: 1 ___ _-: __ __- 2: __- 3__Plohoy.

- Strong _3 ___ __ 2 __: __ 1 __ __ __ 0: 1 ___ _-: __ __- 2: __- 3__Slaby.

- Active _3 ___ __ 2 __: __ 1 __ __ __ 0: 1 _- ___: __ __- 2: __- 3__Passivny:

The "0" yana nufin da rabo daga tsaka tsaki, "1" - "kadan", "2" - "gaba daya", "3" - "musamman".

Matsayin mai mulkin, mutum ya zama sha'awar wasu daga cikin matsalolin, kamar "Red kasar Sin" da kuma tambaye shi don kimanta a kan wani yawan ma'auni. Don bincika ƙungiyar da mutum Sikeli za a iya hade a hanyoyi daban-daban.

na ginin jumla bambanci Hanyar da ake amfani da dalilai da yawa.

Bipolar adjectival nau'i-nau'i - sauki, kudin-tasiri wajen sa shi yiwuwa a samu wasu bayanai, bisa wani kayadadden fahimtar mutane connotative ma'anonin kalmomi. Wadannan uku girma, ya bayyana samar da wata irin "zamantakewa da kuma wani tunanin halaye" mutane.

A tunani, na ginin jumla bambanci da ake amfani a abokin ciniki-tsakiya psychotherapy ga definition of "kai-ra'ayi." Wasu aikace-aikace na hanyar da na ginin jumla bambanci - kasuwar bincike, bincike na kafofin watsa labarai, zamantakewa da bincike, musamman ma wadanda kayayyakin, kamfanoni, mutane, da image na wanda yana da za a bincikar.

Domin na ginin jumla bambanci bukatar savvy weights. Bugu da kari, suna da mai kyau fahimtar harshen su iya "riskuwarSa" ya mafi kyau da bambance-bambance. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi ne bai dace da yara, amma akwai wani girma ji na dalibai na malamin lifiya Hanyar na ginin jumla bambanci. A kayan aiki ba ban sha'awa sakamakon a kan iyakar yankin tsakanin harsuna, da kuma tunani.