NVDIA GeForce GTX 470: bayani dalla-dalla, review

NVDIA ya kasance quite lokaci mai tsawo, cikakken zane gine, don tallafa mai cancantar shiga gasa da na kerarre kayayyakin. Saboda haka, a cikin ɗumbin mafiya yawan lokuta game shekaru biyu ciyar a kan kamfanin don motsawa daga daya jerin zuwa na gaba.

Wannan saki GTX 470 graphics katunan da aka jinkirta saboda developers aka tilasta wuya isa ya aiwatar da gine-gine, akwai wasu matsaloli da samarwa, ƙarshe halitta guntu ne irin wannan cewa da yawa mai tsanani a cikin shakka daga aikinsu. Saboda haka, sake zagayowar zauna kusan daidai da wannan, amma tun da suka gabata katin ya wuce kusan shekaru biyu. Amma, duk da haka, bayar da katin GTX 470 da aka asali da'awar da za a kira a fasaha shugaban na zamaninsa. Babu shakka cewa su ne irin kasance.

GeForce 400

A bisa ga al'ada, NVDIA da aka bayar a lokaci guda biyu graphics katunan, da GTX 470 da kuma 480, amma shi ne na farko version ne mafi kowa daga masu amfani a yau.

Masana nan da nan ya juya su da hankali ga yawan transistors, wanda aka yi amfani da Fermi. Amfani da wannan siga za a iya kaikaice gaya yadda mai kyau ne sabon guntu, domin shi ne fiye da sau biyu, kamar yadda m kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da baya flagship na kamfanin, kazalika da daya da rabi sau fiye da a cikin mafi zamani Cypress, cewa shi ne sosai, mai kyau sakamakon.

Hakika, wannan adadi da aka kai tsaye nuna a cikin zãfi. A kan aiwatar da GTX 470 shi da aka yi don amfani da 40-nm fasaha tsari, inda bambanci a cikin thermal fakitin, tare da guda na'urorin ne kamar guda a matsayin bambanci a cikin yawan transistors.

fasaha fasali

Da farko, an yanke shawarar yin amfani da CUDA-512 sarrafawa, amma a kan lokaci, wannan shawarar da aka juyawa, haka cewa adadi da aka dan kadan rage domin rage zafin rana masha'a, kazalika da ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa na gaske aiki kwakwalwan kwamfuta. Duk da haka, a ƙarshe da katin zai kasance har yanzu quite tsada domin ɗumbin mafiya yawan masu amfani.

M gaskiya ya cewa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar mita ko da a cikin mafi m model karami fiye da gasar bayani HD 5850. A duka memory bandwidth fi GeForce GTX 470, amma saboda da cewa shi amfani sauri kwakwalwan kwamfuta, gabatar da yiwuwar ta kara hanzari .

Yadda behaves a cikin wasanni?

Dukansu model hada da goyon baya ga DirectX 11. Da zarar kasuwa ya fara bayyana Evergreen graphics katin model, akwai kusan kome ba a kan abin da zai iya kasance wa gwada karfin wannan na'urar, amma tare da a saki GeForce GTX 470 halin da ake ciki bai canza ba. Wasanni da zai iya taimaka wa sabon da API, aka ware lokuta, amma a kan lokaci, ba shakka, da aka bayar a manyan yawan daban-daban ayyukan, ga abin da na yin amfani da irin wannan video katin. Ko a yau ta yin amfani da shi ne mafi kyau duka ga manyan yawan wasanni, kuma idan latest ba za a iya taka leda a iyakar da bukatun, cikin matsakaici, ko a kalla a ƙaramar shi zai kula da barga.

Kamar yadda ya saba, kamfanin yanke shawarar bet a cikin ni'imar da gaba da optimizing your NVDIA GeForce GTX 470 zuwa aiki tare da irin damar da ya miƙa karshe na DirectX, kazalika da biyan kulawa ta musamman GPGPU.

The gine na sabon guntu

A sabon na'urar da aka yi amfani da wani guntu da wani sabon gine kira GF100. A duban farko, akwai wasu bambance-bambance da muhimmanci daga da wanda ya riga, da zane na sabuwar abubuwa zauna scalar, don haka da cewa wasu gazawar kasance halarce. Dan kadan ya canja abun da ke ciki na janar nufi sarrafawa, wanda aka yanke shawarar hada a wani fairly manyan tubalan. A GT200 model irin raka'a aka kira da TPC, kuma kowane daga cikinsu hada da duk dole na'urorin haɗi cewa za a iya bukatar a lõkacin da aiki tare da graphics, ban da tubalan rasterization. A nan gaba, kamfanin da sauri fara yin mai yawa Outlet versions na NVDIA GeForce GTX 470, inda irin tubalan kasance ko dai katse ko modified.

A kowane irin block na baya model guntu yanzu uku SM (yawo multiprocessors), da kuma takwas irin zane raka'a da farko matakin cache na 16 KB. A block na sabon na'urorin, bi da bi, daya Raster Engine an yi amfani, da kuma hudu SM, a kowanne daga abin da ba nasu cache da kuma irin zane raka'a. A daidai wannan guntu, akwai lokaci guda hudu tubalan a cikin adadin samar da mai amfani da 32 pixels da agogo.

yawo multiprocessors

Idan muka yi la'akari da na'urar a matakin SM, bambanci ne quite muhimmanci, tun lokacin da ya saki daga NVDIA GTX 470, kwararru da yawa sun nuna cewa, akwai yawa ya fi girma SM kuma m. A da, yanzu tsara katin 8 SP, kazalika 2 SFU, amma yanzu adadin su da rabo da aka canza, inda ya isa a kowane na'urar yanzu a kan 4 SFU, 32 CUDA Core, 16 da kuma Load / Store raka'a.

A kowane daga cikin wadannan multiprocessors uku tsara akwai da dama irin zane sarrafawa da kuma raba memory cewa samar da hardware tessellation.

Saboda gaskiya cewa irin zane sarrafawa, kazalika da duk dacewa cache memory multiprocessors an koma ciki, da developers sun iya cimma wani fiye da ingantaccen aiki na wadannan na'urorin. An kuma yanke shawarar halin rework da ciki gine na wadannan na'urori, da kara yawan mita ba daga aikinsu, da uku sau da girma na biyu matakin na memory ne rayayye a yi amfani da tsari na texturing.

kowa memory

Rabawa memory an hade tare da L1 cache, sakamakon shi a daidai memory ya sami ya kamata rarraba, dangane da abin da irin aikin da aka yi a lokacin da na'urar. A baya can na kowa memory hada kawai 16 KB, duk da haka, a wannan lokaci, dangane da irin aikin, da na'ura za ta raba 64 KB na memory. Idan a wannan lokacin, a manyan yawan jiki shiri, sa'an nan da 48 KB katin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar GTX 470 gudamawar zuwa L1. Idan daban-daban matakai babban adadin lokaci zuwa neman takamaiman bayani, shi ne adana a raba memory. Daga cikin sauran abubuwa da amfani ga GPGPU ne ma sau uku da adadin L2 cache a GTX 470. Product Bayani dalla-dalla, don haka more kuma mafi tafi a gaba a kwatanta da fafatawa a gasa.

tessellation

Tessellation ne daya daga cikin key fasali na katin Radeon HD Video 5000. katin NVDIA GeForce GTX 470, bi da bi, mafi ƙasa domin aiwatar da wannan algorithm.

A API DirectX 11, akwai goyon baya ga wasu "kawar da maps" da suke da laushi girma. Saboda haka, duk pixel dake a cikin image na irin zane, zai ƙayyade rufinta. Wannan irin zane ne amfani da wasan domin yin karin cikakken image.

Wannan shi ne inda ya zo a cikin tessellation, wanda aka sanye take da wani GTX 470. Overview na algorithm ya nuna cewa dukan mosaic an kafa daga guda site. Wannan fasaha da ake amfani da ko da na kawar da maps, amma mafi m effects za a iya cimma kawai idan suna amfani da ɗaya. The fi na kafa polygons zai sauka ko hawa zuwa wani tsawo, kawo tsarin da model kayyade da katin dakin.

Mene ne abũbuwan amfãni?

A gaskiya, da model an samu cikakken m ga misali high poly, kyalewa a lokaci guda, low poly, t. Don. Yana zai ba da daidai karin bayanai da kuma shadow daidai, jawabin da haka duk wani tsari na girma m albarkatun.

A wasu kalmomin, NVDIA GTX 470 halaye da cewa zai iya sauri load a model memory cards, yayin da daga baya ba zai yi wani sashe loading da Ana saukewa da wuraren da sauran matakan daki-daki, abin da ya gaskiya ga baya tsara na'urorin. All matakai suna da za'ayi Abubuwan Taɗi kai tsaye a ciki da katin a lokacin daban-daban hanyoyin da cewa samar da mafi scalability. Dangane gaban kaucewa free sarrafa kwamfuta ikon zai zama kusa da kawar da taswirar da wani daidaito, wanda shi ne quite muhimmanci cikin sharuddan lissafi yi GTX 470. User reviews bayar da shawarar cewa fasahar muhimmanci inganta overall wasan kwaikwayon na kwamfuta a lokacin da kisan hadaddun graphics tafiyar matakai.

Abin da masu amfani da suke cewa?

Feedback daga masu amfani, sabunta kwamfutarka ta shigar aka bayyana a taswira nuna cewa bayan da inganci shi yiwuwa a sa a duk wasanni iyakar saituna. A wasan bai fadi, babu birki aka ba lura.

Hakika, wadannan martani ne halayyar 2010-2012, a lokacin da katin da aka ba samar da mai shi da irin wannan iyaka yiwuwa. Amma duk da haka, a lokacin da fasaha ya motsa da ƙarfi a gaba, da kuma tafi da wadannan wasannin, a cikin abin da irin wannan graphics katin iya kawai za a buga a kan m saituna.

3D Vision

3D fasahar yau samu musamman tartsatsi, jere daga televisions da ke zaune a yanki ƙare. Ko kamfanin AMD ya dade al'amurran da suka shafi da kansa da tabarau, kazalika da ya dace software, wanda damar da video katin manufacturer nuna high quality-stereoscopic images.

A GeForce GTX 470 siffofin kuma sun hada da ikon yin amfani da wannan fasaha, kuma duk da cewa yana da wani gagarumin yi overall Feel na gameplay ko movie ne duka-duka daban-daban.

A gaba dayan sa na kayan aikin bayar da daban-daban video cards da API, da wuya isa ya koyi ga m masu amfani da haka an dauke su da cikakken m idan shi ba wanda zai yi amfani da shi. Yana da wannan dalili da cewa NVDIA da aka halitta mai raba division cewa aiki tare da zamani game developers. Hakika, da hankali ne ko da yaushe ba ga mafi nasara ayyukan, wanda aka kafa hadin gwiwa, saboda kyakkyawan wasan kanta zama da yawa sauri da kuma mafi kyau a cikin taron cewa shi ya kaddamar da wani mai amfani a kan kwamfuta da wannan katin.

sanyaya tsarin

Don tabbatar da isasshen sanyaya, da katin kamfanin ya ɓullo da wani musamman mai sanyaya, wanda shi ne daya daga cikin mafi iko tsakanin kama reference model. da na'urar da aka tsara a cikin nau'i na wani misali injin turbin, amma shi ya aikata da 'yan siffofin cewa shakka ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman.

Kamar yadda wani tsarin akai daga inji shasi da roba cover a haɗe da shi. Ta hanyar qware thermal karya, da zafi a lokacin aiki na memory kwakwalwan kwamfuta da subsystems, yana daukar kwayar cutar zuwa da firam. Daga cikin GF 100, zafi an cire tare da taimakon biyar musamman zafi bututu da ya zo a cikin lamba tare da guntu kai tsaye.

Direct lamba zafi bututu guntu sau da yawa amfani a sanyaya tsarin, sarrafawa, da kuma irin wannan tsarin ba za a iya kira a fili mafi tasiri fiye da misali. Amma a cikin wannan hali shi ne ya bayyana cewa, a lokacin da raya, da GeForce GTX 470, da developers sun biya na musamman da hankali ga sanyaya tsarin.