Ontogenesis mutum. Taƙaitaccen bayanin. A yanayin halitta na juya na mutum juyayi tsarin

A yanayin halitta na juya na mutum ne mai tsari na mutum raya daga lokacin da aka haife har mutuwa. Babban halaye an haɗa dangi ingantaccen da kuma gwada yawa rikirkida musamman a tsare domin kowane mataki.

A ra'ayi na "yanayin halitta na juya" da aka fara gabatar da Haeckal (Jamus halitta) a 1866. Daban-daban da wakilan na dabba duniya ne muhimmi a cikin daban-daban gaba. Saboda haka, ontogenesis kwaro larval irin auku bi metamorphosis. A dabbobi, kwai-kwanciya, mutum cin faruwa yawanci a qwai dage farawa da waje muhalli. Placental dabbobi, da mutum zai iya ci gaba a utero. A wannan yanayin, da tsari ne zuwa kashi uku lokaci: postembryonic, tayi, proembrionalny.

Last halin da samuwar da kuma ci gaban namiji da mace jima'i Kwayoyin - gametes, wanda aka kafa a mahaɗar tsakãninsu kwan da ya hadu.

Yanayin halitta na juya a kan mutum da amfrayo (amfrayo) lokacin kunshi da matakai na amfrayo da kuma tayin.

Postnatal lokacin fara bayan haihuwa yarda. Wannan mataki yana da wani rayuwa, kawo karshen tare da mutuwa. Postnatal mutum yanayin halitta na juya zuwa kashi shekaru mataki. A kowane mataki, jiki shigarsu ta ilimin Halittar Jiki da kuma physiological canje-canje. A cewar masana, mafi m, kuma m lokaci ne menopause (lokacin nau'i nau'i na jima'i aiki), da kuma samartaka (mafarki mataki). Waɗannan su ne babban fasali na mutum ontogenesis.

A farkon matakai na fetal rayuwa ne halin da haihuwa na tsakiya m tsarin. A yanayin halitta na juya na cikin juyayi tsarin a cikin mutane da kuma ci gaba a lokacin farko da shekaru bayan haihuwa.

A dorsal division farantin an kafa a amfrayo. Daga baya, da na tsarin jijiya tsagi, kuma baya - da na tsarin jijiya tube.

Domin mako tayi halin kadan thickening na tube a cikin baka sashen. uku kwakwalwa mafitsara (primary) kafa da mako guda uku a kai yankin: bãyansu, tsaka-tsaki, Front. Daga cikin wadannan, ainihin sassan da kwakwalwa (lu'u-lu'u-dimbin yawa, tsakiya, karshen). Daga bisani, akwai tsaga a cikin biyu bladders (gaba da raya). Daga karshe kafa kwakwalwa da kuma zuciyar (subcortical).

By wata na uku na da amfrayo ci gaba fara gane key yankunan da tsakiya m tsarin. Wadannan sun hada da cerebral hemispheres, kwakwalwa ventricles, gangar jikin, da laka. By ga watan biyar a kasaftawa a cikin bawo (hemispheres) babban GROOVES. Hudu makonni baya m da Yaduwar (aikin hali) da mafi girma sassa na kara-kashin baya.

A jijiya sel amfrayo da kuma jariri ana shirya da mayar da hankali a cikin fari al'amarin da hemispheric surface. Saboda da karin surface fara hijirarsa na sel a launin toka al'amarin.

Idan aka kwatanta da manya, wani jariri a cikin occipital lobe bawo hemispheres yana da wani gwada da manyan size. A yanayin halitta na juya na mutum a farko biyar - shekaru shida bayan haihuwar yana da wani bayani dalla-dalla. A wannan lokacin, mafi girma canje-canje a cikin topographical wuri, da kuma siffar yawan hemispheric convolutions. Domin goma sha biyar - goma sha shida lura da wasu kamance da manya.

Domin postnatal lokaci halayyar canje-canje a cikin laka. A jariri shi ne fiye da na fara tasawa. The laka ke tsiro zuwa game da shekara ashirin.

Yanã yanyanka juyayi tsarin myelinated (film-mai rufi) bai isa ba, da wuri daga cikin jijiya fiber daure irregularly, kuma suka (bim) ne rare.

The aiki na vegetative juyayi tsarin fara a mutum daga haihuwa. A cikin zubar lokaci hadin wasika da aka lura a cikin mutum nodes da kuma samuwar tangles na tsarin jijiya m tsarin.