Ilya Mechnikov - mahaliccin da salon salula ka'idar rigakafi

A lokacin da biyu da rabi na XIX karni, likitoci da masana kimiyyar na cewa lokaci na rayayye diddigin rawar da pathogens a ci gaba da cututtuka, kazalika da damar da za su samar da wani wucin gadi rigakafi ga su. Wadannan nazarin kai ga binciken da abubuwa game da halitta da kariya na jiki daga cututtuka. Pasteur miƙa wa kimiyya al'umma da ra'ayin da ake kira "tsautsayi karfi." A cewar wannan ka'idar, kwayar rigakafi ne yanayin a cikin abin da jikin mutum shi ne ba a gina jiki ga m dauke da kwayar cutar jamiái. Duk da haka, wannan ra'ayin ba bayyana a yawan m lura.

Swordsmen: salula ka'idar rigakafi

Wannan ka'idar ta bayyana a 1883. Mahaliccin da ka'idar salula rigakafi da aka bisa ga koyarwar Charles Darwin, kuma aka dogara ne a kan wani binciken na narkewa kamar matakai da dabbobi, wanda aka located a matakai daban-daban na juyin halitta. Author na sabon-minted ka'idar ya samu wasu kamance a cikin kwayuka narkewa abubuwa a cikin indodem Kwayoyin, amoebae, nama macrophages da monocytes. A gaskiya, da salula ka'idar rigakafi halitta ta shahara Rasha halitta Ilya Mechnikov. Aikinsa a wannan yanki dade da dogon isa. Samun mayar da su kamar yadda ya zuwa yanzu kamar yadda Italiyanci birnin Messina, a cikin abin da microbiologist don tsayar da hali na teku fleas da larvae na teku taurari.

A sani akan cututtuka gano cewa yawo Kwayoyin kiyaye halittu da dan hanya jiki ne kewaye, sa'an nan sha su. Bugu da kari, su ya kamata a halaka, da kuma kawo wadanda tsokoki da cewa ba su da ake bukata daga jiki more. Ya yi ta kokarin ci gaba da ra'ayi. Mahaliccin da ka'idar salula rigakafi ya gabatar da, a gaskiya, da kalmar "phagocytic Kwayoyin" samu daga Girkanci kalmomi "fages" - da kuma ci "kitos" - cell. Wannan shi ne wani sabon lokaci a zahiri tana nufin aiwatar da cin Kwayoyin. A ra'ayin wadannan phagocytes masanin kimiyyar ya zo kadan a baya, a lokacin da na yi nazarin cikin kwayuka narkewa a cikin daban-daban connective nama Kwayoyin a kwaro: Sponges, amoebas da sauran.

A wakilan mafi girma dabba duniya mafi hankula phagocytes iya kira fari da maikacin jini, watau leukocytes. Daga baya, mahaliccin da ka'idar salula rigakafi miƙa zuwa raba wadannan Kwayoyin to macrophages, kuma macrophages. A correctness aka tabbatar da cimma wannan rabuwa masanin kimiyya P. Ehrlich cewa bambance da daban-daban na leukocytes da batawa. A cikin classic ayyukan kishin Pathology na kumburi, mahaliccin salula ka'idar rigakafi ya iya tabbatar da rawar da phagocytic Kwayoyin a cikin tsari na kawar da pathogens. Tuni a 1901 ya zo a cikin duniya daga cikin muhimman hakkokin aiki a kan rigakafi ga cututtuka. Bugu da kari ga Ilya Mechnikov, wani gagarumin taimako ga ci gaba da kuma watsa daga cikin phagocytic ka'idar rigakafi sanya ta IG Savchenko, FY Chistovich, LA Tarasevich, AM Birch, VI Isayev da kuma da dama wasu masu bincike.