Saprophytes - a ... Namomin kaza saprophitic

A rayuwa duniya shi ne mai arziki da bambance bambancen. Kamar yadda shi ne da sani, shi ne zuwa kashi hudu mulkokin: kwayoyin cuta, da shuke-shuke, da dabbobi, da fungi. Tsakanin wadannan kungiyoyi ne babban chasm. Amma akwai tsakanin su da wani abu da na kowa, misali, akwai saprophytes da parasites a kowane daula. Bari mu bincika dukan wannan a cikin mafi daki-daki.

The rabuwa wasu halittu masu rai a kan irin abinci

Kowane mai rai kwayoyin don tabbatar da wanzuwar bukatar shigar daga waje na wasu abubuwa ko makamashi. A tsari na amfani da wadannan albarkatu da aka kira iko.

By hanyar ciyar da dukkanin rayayyun halittu an rarraba su zuwa iri biyu:

• autotrophs.
• heterotrophs.

Autotrophs - kwayoyin iya da kansa samar da zama dole domin su kwayoyin halitta daga inorganic. Wannan ya hada da mafi yawan tsire-tsire da cewa samar da nasu abinci daga carbon dioxide da ruwa ta amfani da hasken rana.

Heterotrophic - kasancewa a cikin bukatar shirye-sanya kwayoyin abubuwa. Wannan ne mai babbar kungiyar na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a ciki wanda bayar da wani nauyi sukayi fassara. Heterotrophs kasu kashi Biotroph da saprotroph. A farko feed rayayyun kwayoyin halitta: dabbobi ko shuke-shuke. Su kuma sun hada da, kuma parasites sun saba da irin wannan rayuwa, a lokacin da suka yi wa maigidansu ne duka biyu don su da abinci, da kuma cikin gidan.

Saprotrophs guda tsantsa abinci daga matattu halittun ko su secretions (ciki har da tumbi). Wannan kungiyar hada da kwayoyin cuta, shuke-shuke, fungi (saprophytes) da kuma ko da dabbobi (saprophagous). Su, bi da bi, ya kasu kashi daban-daban kungiyoyin: detritus (detritus-cin), necrophages (cinye matattu dabbobi), coprophagous (cin tumbi) da sauransu.

definition

Kalmar da aka aro daga wani harshe, ko wajen, shi ne hade daga biyu Greek kalmomi: sapros - "rududdugaggu" da kuma phyton - "shuka". A ilmin halitta saprophytes - a fungi, shuke-shuke da kwayoyin da ake amfani da matsayin abinci shuke-shuke da dabbobi necrotic nama, da waɗanda kasaftawa a kan aiwatar da sharar gida kayayyakin. Suna yada a ko'ina - a cikin ruwa, ƙasa, iska, da kuma a jikin halittu masu rai.

Mafi sau da yawa saprophytes - ne mutane da suke ba cutarwa ga ubangijinsa. Mutumin ba su ma gane abin da mai babbar dama daban-daban kwayoyin ne kullum a kan fata da kuma cikin jiki, tare da haddasa wani cuta. Duk da haka, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar korau dalilai (rage rigakafi, an wuce kima karuwa a yawan germs), abubuwa iya canza, kuma saprophytes iya haifar da cutar.

Rayuwa duniya

Saprophytes zauna da muhimmanci wuri a cikin zagayowar kwayoyin halitta a cikin yanayi lazimta a kansu hadaddun kwayoyin kayan cikin sauki, tidying duniya daga rubabben dabba carcasses. Wanda nasa ne wannan kungiya workaholic? Quite na kowa a duniya da saprophytes. Misalai daga gare za a iya samu a kowane daula. Waɗancan sunã a cikin wani iri-iri samu tsakanin kwayoyin cuta (single-celled protozoa), ciki har da fungi (fumfuna to fungi ta cinye mutane a matsayin abinci), daga shuke-shuke (algae zuwa flowering shuke-shuke kamar orchids).

Daga cikin dabbobi akwai kuma saprophytes (misalai na wanda muke kuma kira). Amma sai su kasance mafi daidai kira saprotroph ko saprophagous. A dabba duniya da saprophytes ne wasu kwari (beetles, dung beetles, kozheedy, da larvae na kwari da kuma sauran kwari), earthworm, da yawa crustaceans (crayfish, amphipods kasa). Daga cikin manyan wakilan fauna ne tsuntsãye (zakara, Angulaye, Angulaye), wasu kifaye kuma da dama dabbobi (hyenas, bears da duk, wanda dole ci mũshe).

Kwayoyin cutar-saprophytes

Kwayoyin cutar - shi ne don haka kananan kwayoyin da cewa zai iya la'akari da su kawai a cikin mafi yawan iko microscopes, kara da daruruwan sau. Kuma ko da yake a cikin talakawa rayuwar mutum ba zai iya ganin su, to magance sakamakon aikinsu yi a kullum. Saboda haka, godiya ga su iya zama kiwo kayayyakin da ruwan inabi. Kuma yayin da wasu kwayoyin sa cututtuka, wasu daga cikinsu kawo babban amfani ga mutum.

Wadannan sun hada da, misali, wasu coliform kwayoyin da bifidobacteria cewa rayuwa a cikin mutum narkewa kamar fili. Suna taimaka wa jiki sha na gina jiki da kuma yaqi pathogenic Flora.

Tsire-tsire saprophitic

Ko da yake shuke-shuke da suke autotrophs (cewa shi ne, da suka haifar da wa kansu da ikon da taimakon hasken rana), wannan ba ya hana da yawa daga cikinsu su zama a lokaci guda zuwa wasu har da saprophytes. Domin kasancewar suna bukatar rasit na ƙarin kwayoyin halitta daga ƙasa.

Daga cikin shuke-shuke saprophytes - a abarba, orchids, Begoniaceae da kuma wasu cacti, da kuma da yawa mosses, ferns da algae.

Namomin kaza saprophitic

Namomin kaza - mafi tsoho mazaunan duniya, da tarihi da ke mayar da babu kasa da biliyan daya da haihuwa. Su ne don haka m cewa na dogon lokaci, masana kimiyyar iya ba yanke shawara a kan su rarrabuwa da kuma bai sani ba ga abin da mulki da suka kawo. Lalle ne, namomin kaza da siffofin halayyar biyu dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke. A sakamakon haka, da suka da aka kasaftawa a raba mulkin.

Namomin kaza - wani aya, ko Multi-celled rai-heterotrophic kwayoyin wanda Kwayoyin da tsakiya (eukaryotes). All fungi ana ciyar via tsotsa gama daga kewaye yanayi kwayoyin abubuwa a baya allocating musamman solubilizing enzymes, watau. E. narkewa faruwa a wajen jiki.

By hanyar da ciyar da namomin kaza ya kasu kashi uku m kungiyoyin: parasites, symbionts da saprophytes. Wannan rabo ne kuma muhimmi a cikin sauran duniyoyin. Parasites zama saba da rayuwa a kan sauran halittu (ko cikin), gaba ɗaya saboda cin su. Daga cikin edible naman gwari m da aka sani ga dukan mu yi kiyasin na wuri.

Namomin kaza symbiotic ko rayuwa a kudi na wasu kwayoyin, amma a lokaci guda kuma amfana daga gare su, zaɓi zama dole ma'adanai da kuma sake amfani da sharar gida. Daga gare su, fari naman kaza, boletus, greasers, Saffron, boletus, Mokhovikov da yawa wasu.

Fungi da cewa ciyar a kan kwayoyin halitta bar kan daga matattu shuke-shuke da dabbobi, ko su secretions ake kira saprophytes. Misalai na irin wannan fungi cewa mu kasance saba: morels, Lines, namomin kaza, raincoats. Har ila yau a cikin wannan category ne mai girma da yawan fungi, tareda žata kayayyakin.

Don kara samar da kansu tare da isasshen abinci mai gina jiki, wadannan namomin kaza da wani dace tsarin - dogon da kuma iko mycelium, cikakken nutsa cikin wani edible substrate a gare su.

Ticks saprophitic

Wadannan kananan kwayoyin - mu na yau da kullum da makwabta da cewa rayuwa a gidan kura. A manyan yawa, suna da gaskiya a cikin gado - a matasan kai, kyãwãwa da kuma blankets. By kansu, suna iya haifar da wata cũta, domin ba su ciji mutane da ba kawo wani cututtuka. Duk da haka, su na rayuwa kayayyakin iya zama haɗari ga mutane tare da allergies.

Saprophytes da parasites ne iya cikin wani gajeren lokaci zuwa cikakken mayar da su, yawan, saboda haka kada ku runtumi hanyoyi, alamar cikakken zubar da su. A kiyaye da asali kiwon lafiya (wanka tufafi, dace maye kyãwãwa da matasan kai, rigar tsaftacewa) zai iya kula da adadin cutarwa mites saprophytes a gwada lafiya matakin domin kiwon lafiya.

ƙarshe

Kamar yadda muka koya, saprophytes - ne kwayoyin cewa goyi bayan ta zama saboda amfani da matattu Organic abu. Mafi yawansu ba su kasance m, da yawa amfani da kawai 'yan suna da ha ari. Duk abin da ya, su zama a yanayi wajibi ne, su samar da keke na al'amarin, kuma makamashi, tare da abin da rai zai iya tsaya.