Seamy gefe na rayuwa, ko su wane ne lumpen

Kamar yadda muka tuna daga makaranta tarihi, da kalmar lumpenproletariat buga Marx, haka bayyana ta ƙananan Layer. Fassara daga Jamus kalma tana nufin "Rags".

A hankali, da na ginin jumla abun ciki na wannan ra'ayi ya kumbura, kuma zama da aka sani da lumpen duk wanda ya zauna a kan "kasa" da jama'a: vagrants, mãsu laifi, bara, karuwai kuma daban-daban dogara da ita.

Rungumar da aka sani ma'anar, zamu iya cewa da kalmar lumpen ne yanzu united aji na mutane hana su sirri dukiya da kuma m jobs, fifita su zauna a cikin wadannan ko wasu zamantakewa amfanin.

Arts and Crafts

A zamani harshe, ayyukan za a iya kara wa matasa irin harshe na dabam, wannan ra'ayi har ma da kara fadada. Yanzu a lokacin da sabawa da kalmar lumpen, ma'anarsa za a iya gane a akalla hanyoyi uku:

• mutane daga cikin ƙananan azuzuwan (rashin gida, shan barasa, miyagun ƙwayoyi addicts).

• mutane a waje da kamfanin (m).

• unscrupulous mutum, ba tare kowane irin halaye na jama'a dabi'un (amma kumfa).

Saboda haka, yanzu da lumpen za a iya kira wani wakilin wani aji jama'a idan ayyukansa shige zuwa cikin daya daga sassa uku. A nan, misali, wata jumla daga cikin kafofin watsa labaru, "kuma tsiro na ninka lumpen MUTANE", "eh, ina - da lumpen-ilimi" ko "aji na wannan hukuncin ne a Rasha - da lumpen-burokrasi".

Su wane ne lumpen proletariat: tushen da falsafar rayuwa

Masana tarihi sun gano cewa lumpen fara bayyana a zamanin da, da kuma ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa wannan aji na bawa jihar. A zamanin d Roman jama'a, da tattalin arziki da aka bisa ga yin amfani da aiki da yawa bayi, da kuma kananan gonaki, iya gasa da manyan gonaki, da sauri lalace. Wannan ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa wani taro hijirarsa na manoma rasa ƙasarsu, zuwa ga birnin.

Nominally suna da dukkan hakkokin matsayin 'yan kasa na Roman jihar: su shiga a cikin zaben, da ' yancin kada kuri'a a gari tarurruka. Duk da haka, wata dukiya da ba su da, da kuma aiki - ma, tilasta su kula da su zama saboda "sayar" kuri'un su a cikin goyon bayan m abokan ciniki, ko samar da wasu qananan ayyuka.

The Roman gwamnati yanke shawarar samar da taimakon kudi ga wadannan mutane a cikin wani nau'i na nauyi hatsi mudu (game da rabin kg per day), wanda suka samu kan musamman lists.

A Roma kadai lumpenproletariat zuwa farkon na farko Millennium akwai game da 300 da dubu. Ya fara dauki wani aiki sashi a cikin dukan siyasa da kuma soja ta faɗa. Ba da ciwon da kansa zane bukatun, wadannan mutane sun kasance a shirye mu bauta wa kowa - kawai don samar da nasu abinci da kuma samun uncomplicated jin daxi.

Geza - "iyaka masu gadi" al'umma

To, abin da game da marginals? Fassara daga Latin, yana nufin "Iyakar" kuma tana nufin wani mutum wanda ya nisanta kansa daga cikin al'ummar da kungiyar, amma bai iya hade cikin wani. Number of m ƙaruwa muhimmanci idan akwai ma m canje-canje a cikin zaman jama'a domin na gyara, juyin juya hali, da dai sauransu.

A Rasha, wannan tsari ya fara da zamanin Alexander II da kuma ci gaba da kokarin da Witte da Stolypin. By farkon karni na ashirin da, kasar mu ya riga ya yi wani gagarumin sashen dutsen zunubi daga kowane lallashewa.

Mark a Rasha adabi

Kasaftawa m da lumpen su musamman Psychology, quite a fili imprinted a cikin gargajiya adabi, kamar Maxim Gorky, wanda ya bayyana wa da lumpen. A cikin play "The Lower acan karkashin", sai ya tattara wakilan duk zamantakewa strata: Baron - na nobility, Actor - daga artists, Satin - na fasaha kawo dukkan, Bubnov - daga tsakiyar aji, Luca - daga manoma, da kuma Tick - daga proletarians.

Amma ba duk za a iya dangana ga m lumpen. Shi ne isa zuwa ga saba da saituna na ta sharuddan, zama a cikin bayyanar da wannan zamantakewa rung. Saboda haka, a Nekrasov ta waka "Wa Zaune To a Rasha?", A gaskiya ma, rayuwa mugun kome - daga firistoci don kashin kaji.

Idan daga wannan lokaci zuwa la'akari da heroes of "The Cherry Orchard" da Chekhov, suka duka fall karkashin definition of m: da gidan haya, wanda yanayi tilasta wa sayar da ƙasar. gida,, wanda karya up. sabis, har yanzu fuskantar da yarjejeniyoyin da serfdom. dalibi dropout, mafarki na juyin juya halin.

Gorky wani m hoto na wakilin wani embodiment marginality - wani mutum wanda rebelliously "karya fita" (marubuci ta definition) na aji yanayi, cikakken ba shan da kyawawan dabi'unsa, kuma a lokaci guda, ci gaba da samu nasarar gudanar da sana'a aikinsu ( "Egor Bulychev da kuma wasu ").

Savva Morozov - gefe na kabad

A tarihin na almara industrialist Savva Morozov quite a cikin ruhu na Gorky Bulycheva: shi ne, a matsayin sa ran, maida su ba kome nasu ma'aikata, da kuma kudaden da ake kashewa a kan goyon bayan da juyin juya halin Musulunci Anarchist kungiyoyin, da aka digging kansa wani rami. Amma shi ma metsenatstvoval.

Irin wannan rayuwa ba zai iya kawo karshen takaici - ikon yin tsayayya da ciki sabani, daga karshe ya harbe kansa.

Lumpen da yasar da: bambance-bambance

A cikin kamus shi Notes cewa lumpen da kuma m - wannan ne na kowa halayyar mutane suka yi hasãrar touch tare da su na zamantakewa yanayi, sun zama zamantakewa masu zunubi. Amma abin da yake da bambanci tsakanin su?

Bayyana wanda da lumpen. By definition, wadannan su ne mutanen da suka yi hasãrar connection ba kawai tare da sai da zamantakewa da kungiyar, amma kuma rasa dũkiyõyinsu da samun wani mai rai, ciwon babu tushen samun kudin shiga. Geza ne ko da yaushe a gefen: su tsãwace, da kuma tsaya wa wani - aka iske ba. Kamar haka suka za a iya gauraye tsakanin biyu m fasali na wani subculture.

A wasu kalmomin, da lumpen da wani m aiki da rayuwa a kan m jobs, zamantakewa amfanin, ko karya doka. Zunubi - mutane a kan iyakar jihar, iya daidaita da canza gaskiya.

Sai dai itace cewa lumpen da yasar da - su ne biyu raba kungiyoyin na zamani al'umma. Marginality - An wajen dissidence muhimmi a cikin mutum, rasa a cikin duniya da bai daidaita ya yi zato.

A daya hannun, waɗanda suke lumpen - wani rukuni na mutane ba tare da wani Associated zamantakewa dalilai, ba abin da ya halitta da dabi'u, wani m a jiki na jama'a.

M - ba sosai flattering bayanin. Kira lumpen, yana nufin su zarga.