Social motsi a Rasha: tarihin abin da ya faru

Social ƙungiyoyi kamar yadda raba m al'umma mutane sõyayya da na kowa dalili, wani sosai tsawon lokaci. Su bayyanar an haɗa da ci gaban absolutism a rabi na biyu na goma sha bakwai karni. A farko zamantakewa motsi a Rasha sun kasance a cikin yanayi na yunkuri da kuma fito a matsayin mai da martani ga tattalin arziki, siyasa da kuma al'adu canje-canje faruwa a cikin al'umma.

A matsayin misali na goma sha bakwai a arni na zamantakewa ƙungiyoyi zai iya sa ya faru a 1648 a Moscow Salt Riot. A dalilin wannan tawaye haraji garambawul ya zama boyar Boris Morozov (1647), a cikin abin da ya kawo shawara da gabatarwar da wani ƙarin, m ga commoners, damfarar - da haraji a kan gishiri. A sakamakon wannan zane ya rage gishiri amfani da yawan jama'a na cikin birnin da kuma} aruwar hade da wannan damunsu.

A shekara daga baya, da gishiri haraji da aka soke, amma maimakon gabatar da ƙarin kai tsaye haraji. Wannan lokaci, su rashin biyan bukata da aka bayyana ba kawai talakawa mutane amma kuma mambobi ne na nobility. A halin da ake ciki siga da aka tsananta a Moscow bayan da maharba na Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich 'yan ƙasa da aka tarwatsa, ya yanke shawarar ba shi da takarda. A lokacin rani na 1648 za a fara taro Rikicin boyars 'gidaje, da instigators na zamantakewa motsi bukaci da su ba su da kashe Morozov da sauransu da hannu a cikin haraji da sake fasalin na' yan shekarun nan, da boyars. A sakamakon tawaye ya samuwar kungiyar tarayyar townspeople, manya da maharba, wanda ya bukaci babban taron duniya na gaba Zemsky Sobor. Wani lokaci daga baya, a kwaikwayo na Moscow, irin wannan tawayen halshen wasu mazauna kudancin da kuma arewacin sassa na kasar.

Daga wannan misali za mu iya ganin cewa na farko da zamantakewa motsi a Rasha tashi spontaneously a mayar da martani ga ayyuka na 'yan ƙasa kusa da mutane a cikin wuta. Irin wannan yunkuri ya ɗauki siffar na taro, da su shugaban, amma ya kira su-shirya cike da kalmar ba zai yiwu ba. Na bayar da muhimmanci da suka yi a gama hali halin da-shirya ayyuka spontaneity, rashin shiri da kuma mai karfi shugaban, unplanned ayyuka na motsi.

A heyday na zamantakewa ƙungiyoyi a Rasha dama a kan 19-20 karni. A lokacin wannan lokaci na farko juyin juya halin Musulunci ideas fãra a cikin zukatan mutane da yawa gwagwarmaya da kuma jama'a Figures. A farko yunkuri, kamar yadda mai mulkin, suka dalibai na Moscow da kuma St. Petersburg jami'o'i. A karo na biyu shekaru goma na karni na 19th a St. Petersburg, akwai na farko m kungiyar jami'an ( "alfarma ƙungiya"), wani m kungiyar ( "Union of Salvation"). Wadannan zamantakewa ƙungiyoyi ne daban-daban daga baya wadanda daga gaban shugabanni da takamaiman dalili (na kauda tashe serfdom, da kifar da gwamnatin yanzu), m halin asiri, tsowon lokacin zama. A cikin rabi na biyu na karni na 19th, a Moscow University ne slavophiles mugs, kasashen yammaci, zamantakewa utopians, da dai sauransu girma taro rashin biyan bukata da wuri na Rasha peasantry a lardin.

Amma ga karni na 20th, mafi daukan hankali zamantakewa ƙungiyoyi na zamani sun buga da kuma ma'aikata 'buga a cikin masana'antu na Moscow, cikin Donbas, da Urals, da jam'iyyar siyasa na SRs da Social Democrats, mafi m ƙawance - marubuta da masana.

Littafi zamantakewa ƙungiyoyi a Rasha ne mai girma iri-iri, mafi yawansu suna nufin, kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi ne domin zaman lafiya dalilai. Su aiki ne domin kare manufofin wasu Categories na yawan jama'ar, da yaki da ƙeta na hakkin 'yan kasarta da kuma kishin kasa. A zama da kuma ayyukan masu tsauraran zamantakewa kungiyoyin an haramta, kamar yadda mai mulkin, a majalisu matakin.