Ta yaya kawo hadari ne Chagas cuta? Haddasawa, Alamun, bincike da kuma magance

Wani lokaci kwari iya isar da wani mutumin quite tsanani wahala. Daya daga cikinsu - Chagas cuta, ko Chagas cuta, ya sa ta hanyar jini-tsotsa kwari. Aka bayyana shi fiye da 100 da suka wuce, wani likita daga Brazil Carlos Ribeiro Chagas fiye da kansa immortalized. cuta sunan sauti daban-daban, dangane da pronunciation daga cikin sunayen ta discoverer. Shin Chagas cuta ne m da kuma yadda tsanani shi ne? Amsar wannan tambaya ita ce eh. Na'am, m, ko da yake akwai mutanen da suka rayu tare da wannan cuta domin shekaru ba tare da sanin su ake kamuwa. Amma wannan shi ne banda maimakon mulkin. A more kowa sakamakon bakin ciki cuta: marasa lafiya mutu a cikin watannin farko bayan kamuwa da cuta. Ta yaya kuma inda za ka iya karba wannan kamuwa da cuta da kuma dalilin da ya sa mutane a kan shi, irin daban-daban halayen? Bari mu yi kokarin amsa.

Chagas cuta: yanki

Domin Russia, sa'a, yayin da wannan cuta ne m. Amma da zarar da kuma AIDS daga gare mu ya nisa, wani wuri a Amurka a ketare. A wannan halin da ake ciki a wannan lokacin ya nuna da kuma Chagas 'cutar. Raspostranen Ina ta yanzu? Daga cikin mutane en sun mayar wa da littãfi a kan ta Kudu Amurka nahiyar da kuma a wasu kasashe na Caribbean, Brazil da Venezuela da Panama, Mexico, Peru, Argentina, Guatemala, Colombia da Ecuador, Costa Rica, Paraguay, Bolivia, Suriname, El Salvador, Faransa Guiana , Belize, Nicaragua, Honduras. Kamar yadda ga dabbobin daji, wanda ake ma kamu da Chagas 'cuta (squirrels, berayen, opossums, Cats, karnuka da sauransu, a total of 150 jinsunan) kamuwa gani m arewa. Yana bada tsoro cewa cutar zai bazu nan da nan zurfi a cikin Arewacin Amirka nahiyar. Riga akwai lokuta a Texas, Arizona, kudancin California da kuma Maryland. Inganta American trypanosomiasis fadin duniya bayar da gudummawa ga hijirarsa na yawan jama'ar, a karshe 15-20 shekaru, shan wuri a kan sikelin da cewa ba verifiable. Mazauna Latin American kasashe, tafiya duniya a search na rayuwa, yawon bude ido - a search na kasada. Wani kowa hanyar kamuwa da cuta shi ne cewa talakawa na wadannan yankuna ba kawai fahimci a wani aiki, amma saboda kudi taimakawa da jini , kuma ko da sayar da gabobin (kodan, idanu, da dai sauransu). Lokacin da tafi a kan wasu wuraren jini a Amurka ya bayyana cewa, da mai bayarwa abu da Chagas cuta fiye da hepatitis da kuma AIDS. Kuma a lokacin bude mutuwar daga zuciya harin ko congestive zuciya gazawar mutane daga Latin American yankin shi ya bayyana cewa daya a biyu shan wahala daga wannan cuta, kawai Canza wurin shi a cikin wani na kullum form. Saboda haka a nan gaba kan iyakoki na yankin na Chagas 'cutar na iya bace.

da causative wakili

A kadan-sani har Chagas cuta - da kamuwa da cuta ne microscopic guda-celled parasites rai - Cruise trypanosomes (Trypanosoma cruzi). Sai suka kira da Carlos Chagas Institute a cikin girmamawa Osvaldo Cruz. Wadannan halittu suke colorless (a cikin photo, aka nuna su a cikin haƙuri na jini stained alama), tare da elongated jikinsu, kama da dogara sanda. A daya karshen yana da wani flagellum don taimaka trypanosomes motsawa ta cikin jiki na wanda aka azabtar (mafi yawa jini). Kai su da ake so sashin jiki, suka shiga ta hanyar da membrane a cikin kwayoyin jikinsu da kuma samar da bezzhgutikovuyu samar yaytsepodobnogo form (amastigote). A cikin sel trypanosomes rayayye radiyo, forming sabon veretenopodobnyh "yara" tare da flagella, wanda shiga cikin jini wanda aka kama domin kara magance na jiki. Da mummunar siffa daga wadannan microscopic kisan gillar ne cewa suna iya yin tasiri tsarin na rigakafi na azabtar, tilasta shi ba har da yaki. Trypanosomes ne na musamman parasitic hanyar rayuwa, yin haka hanya: da mutum (dabba) - kwaro - da mutum (dabba). A cikin wadannan da'irori, da rayuwa ta sake zagayowar wani canji na siffofin: daga kwai zuwa adult. Suna na rayayye multiplying a ciki kwari, wanda ake amfani da sake ma su matsugunni a lafiya jiki.

Hanyoyi kamuwa da cuta

Chagas 'cutar, wanda transporter - musamman irin bloodsucking triatominae, tsince mafi yawa a dare, alhãli kuwa kuna barci a dakunan inda wadannan kwari rayuwa. Wani da ake kira su da wani wargi "suka sumbace," saboda sun fi son zuwa ciza, yafi a kan lebe. Sunan makale. Duk da haka, ba a ko'ina. A Chile da kuma Argentina, aka kira su ne, bayyananne - vinchuca, cewa yana nufin kwari, da kuma a Brazil - chinch wanzami. All daga cikin manyan sojojin triatominae, akwai 130 jinsunan a Amurka kadai samu fiye da 10 iri, wanda suna da dako da wannan fitowa ne causative wakili na Chagas 'cutar. Bugu da kari zuwa kwari, za a iya kamuwa da wata rashin lafiya mutum ta hanyar kusa contact, a lokacin da jininsa samun shiga cikin jiki ta hanyar lafiya contactee sores a kan fata. Abin da ba sabon AIDS? Saboda haka sau da yawa da kamuwa da cuta yakan faru a cikin asibitoci ta hanyar jini ko zuciya da sauransu dasawa. Jarirai da cutar a cikin mahaifar, idan ta mai ɗauka da cutar. A mafi m hanya don karba da kamuwa da cuta - ta hanyar abinci, wanda ya samu bedbug tumbi. Wannan zai iya faruwa idan kuhovarili kamu da cuta Chagas mutane ba su bambanta ba m. Saboda haka, tafiya zuwa disadvantaged da triatominae kasashen, shi ne bu mai kyau zuwa zabi wani wuri barci mafi m (da hotel ne mafi alhẽri), ya sayi kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa sosai wanke, da kuma gida na eatables, taimako miƙa ta gida, fatake, dena.

Ta yaya za ka samun kamuwa

Mutane da yawa zaton cewa Chagas cutar da ake dauka a lokacin da kwaro cizon ta hanyar fata da kuma fara sha jini. A gaskiya shi ne ba. Za ka iya cije ni har sau goma, da kuma zama lafiya. Kuma duk saboda cewa kamuwa da cuta na faruwa a lokacin da aka azabtar zai trypanosomes Cruz, dake a cikin tumbi da bedbugs a cikin fata, ko mucous membranes. Wadannan kwari kasance a cikin Ladies, wanda inda cin abinci can da kuma abun banza. Wannan mutumin a cikin mafarki ba zai iya taimaka tõno (da dabbobi lasa) cije ni wuri. Tun da parasites shigar da jiki, da kuma ta sabon mai shi. By kanta, mai lafiya kwaro ne ba m. Amma da cizon kamu mutane, shi ne kusan gaba daya kamu da trypanosomes, kuma a cikin wadannan cizon aika da da sabon wadanda ke fama da Chagas 'cutar. A causative wakili na zaune da na ninka a cikin kwari ta ciki. M kwaro ne, dukan rayuwarsa (kimanin 2 years). Balagagge parasites suna located a cikin hanjinsu na azabtar da kuma tare da faeces an fitad. Da zarar a cikin jikin mutum, na farko da trypanosomes ninka a cikin manyan yawa a cikin jini, sa'an nan shirya a cikin tsokoki (yafi a cikin zuciya da kuma gastrointestinal fili epithelium). Poor mutane a Latin America rayuwa a cikin mutane, da manyan iyalai a dilapidated bukkoki, inda bedbugs akwai da yawa nooks da crannies. Sau da yawa Chagas cuta infects duk 'yan uwa, har ma da dukkan unguwannin. Abinci for Tunani: awon dabbobi kamu da trypanosomes, ko a lokacin da fata ba lalace.

A m nau'i na cutar

An lura da cewa lokaci prokusyvaniya fata bedbug m da imperceptible. Daga bisani, a cikin wurin nan shi ne kadan ja (da kuma wani lokacin ba), wasu mutane lura busa, kuma itching. Boye (shiryawa) lokacin, yayin da m a cikin jini da aka azabtar ba dare ba rana karbe, iya ɗaukar kamar wata kwana zuwa kwanaki 10, dangane da ƙarfin jiki na haƙuri da hali to allergies. Sa'an nan ya zo da ake kira m form. A lokacin wannan lokaci ne musamman m lethality Chagas 'cutar. Alamun sun hada da:

• mai kaifi Yunƙurin a yawan zafin jiki zuwa wani m matakin.
• zazzabi.
• mai tsanani ciwon kai.
• numfashi matsaloli.
• matsalar aiki na samfur na zuciya;
• babba zafi ciki, kirji, duk da tsokoki.
• adrenal gazawar;
• kara a thyroid gland shine yake, saifa, da kuma Lymph nodes.

Tare da gabatarwar parasites a cikin jijiya zaruruwa musamman wuya runs Chagas 'cutar. Alamun a cikin wannan yanayin ne kamar haka:

• inna.
• jawabin hanawa.
• athetosis.
• ilimi nakasa.

Alamun:

• kumburi na lebe.
• kumburi da idanu.
• saya bronzing fata.

A m nau'i na iya wuce watanni biyu, a lokacin da mutane da yawa (musamman yara) mutu. Tsira daga rikicin da babban bayyanar cututtuka bace da kuma cutar da ke cikin na gaba mataki. Kamuwa da mutum ya zama dauke da kwayar cutar bayan 10-11 kwanaki bayan da cizo.

A kullum fom

A wannan mataki na Chagas 'cutar na iya zama na lokaci mai tsawo kullum ba ya bayyana kanta, cewa an lura a kimanin 80% da marasa lafiya. Trypanosomes daina mamaye a cikin jini da kuma tara a cikin tsokoki da sel da haƙuri da hankali a hallaka su. The "Chronicle" lokaci zuwa lokaci lura exacerbation alternating tare da cikakken gafarta musu. Chagas gano wadannan iri kullum cutar:

• psevdomiksedematoznaya.
• myxedema.
• m.
• zuciya.

Psevdomiksedematozny irin aka alama a yara shekaru 15 da shekaru da kuma matasa. Shi ne halayyar kadan karuwa a thyroid da Lymph nodes. A lokaci na exacerbations a yara fara zazzabi, zazzabi, tachycardia kiyaye. Parasites infiltrate cikin subcutaneous nama, wanda aka musamman disfiguring fuskarsa. A halayyar kumburi da redness za a iya gane gani Chagas 'cutar. Hotuna gabatar a fadi da kewayon qware albarkatu a kan likita batutuwa, dalili, to sa shi mai laushi, m.

Myxedema irin bambanta daga baya yawa ya fi girma disturbances a cikin thyroid.

M irin ne fraught tare da bata lokaci ba, a ci gaban yara da kuma infantilism.

Cardiac take kaiwa zuwa pericarditis, bradycardia da sauran zuciya matsaloli.

Tare da sarrafawa da trypanosomes Cruz a cikin ganuwar da gastrointestinal fili gabobin lura achalasia, watau tsoka motility cuta da wadannan gabobin. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa esophageal toshewa da kuma karuwa daga cikin ciki da kuma hanjinsu. A haƙuri yana da zafi a lokacin da hadiya abinci da kuma ta ratsa cikin esophagus, amai, belching, asarar jiki nauyi duk wani m ci. Wadannan cututtuka ba ya dogara ne a kan daidaito da abinci, kuma akwai ko da ruwa abinci.

bincikowa da

Chagas 'cutar aka kafa da waje ãyõyi a asibiti jarrabawa na haƙuri, kuma ta kara awon karatu na jini a karkashin wani madubin da serological da ƙididdiga. Duk da haka, a cikin kullum nau'i na cuta a cikin jini trypanosomes ya rage low, saboda abin da shi ya zama da wuya a gane su.

Lokacin da ba shi yiwuwa a ware da m a cikin jini samfurin, su gaban da aka bari a cikin Lymph nodes (aikata wani biopsy).

Har ila yau, amfani xenodiagnosis. Shi ya ta'allaka ne da cewa wani m mutum lafiya dasa awon bedbugs, kuma daga baya (bayan 14 days) binciken, abin da ya bayyana a cikin hanjinsu parasites, ko ba.

Wani gwajin - jini da al'adu da kuma grafting shi to gwada dabbobi.

A da maki na jini dabaru ake amfani da shi, dangane da halayen da kyalli antibodies, kazalika da halayen gammaglyutinatsii braking, wanda shi ne mafi m, ko da yake ba kamar yadda takamaiman.

Good sakamakon da nuna samfurin Mashad-Guerreyro. Ya dogara ne a kan wani hada guda biyu dauki na wani yabo, cewa shi ne, da ganewa na antibodies da antigen na m. Wannan kima ne musamman m a kullum mataki da cutar a lokacin da sauran hanyoyin su ne ba musamman karfi.

magani

A halin yanzu, akwai riga kwayoyi da za su iya taimaka maka gaba daya kayar da Chagas cuta. Jiyya ne tasiri, da rashin alheri, kawai a farko har da trypanosomes ba tsinkãyi a cikin muhimmanci gabobin. Wannan "Nifurtimox" da "Benznidazole". Su za a iya saya a Amurka da Latin Amurka, tsananin a kan takardar sayen magani. Sanya data magunguna a marasa lafiya tare da m nau'i na cutar, yara, a lokacin da komowan cutar, sai dai in da kullum nau'i na cutar ba a guje. A baya, saukarwa, shi da cikakken bai yi aiki ba. Saboda haka, duk ayyuka na likitoci mayar da hankali a kan zalunta rikitarwa - cututtukan zuciya, gastrointestinal fili, juyayi tsarin, thyroid da kuma sauran gabobin.

Outlook

Mutane da yawa, musamman ma wadanda suka zo bayan da m nau'i na bayyana dawo da, ba su gane yadda hatsari Chagas 'cutar. Kuma duk da haka a kowace shekara shi sa kusan 50 dubu mazaunan duniya. Yana da cutar a wannan lokacin, a cewar daban-daban kimomi, daga 15 zuwa 20 da miliyan, amma wadannan alkaluma suna ba sosai m, da miskinai, ciki har da Chagas / Chagas cuta da aka yada musamman yadu shawarci likitoci da wuya. A hangen nesa da wannan cuta ne kawai m, a cikin lokuta na farkon dace ganewar asali da kuma magani. A can farko, idan lokacin dauka up, watakila cikakkar dawo. A baya ba za a iya warke. Har ila yau, ba shi yiwuwa su mayar da abin ya shafa gabobin da kuma halakar da parasites. A kowace shekara, a gaban kullum cutar kashe mutane da yawa marasa lafiya daga m zuciya rashin cin nasara, zuciya harin, shanyewar jiki da kuma sauran kiwon lafiya matsaloli sa da trypanosomes cruzi.

rigakafin

Don kare Chagas 'cuta, rigakafin ne musamman muhimmanci kamar yadda wani maganin da Trypanosoma cruzi ba ya wanzu. shi ne wannan hatsari ga mazauna yankunan:

• Matsakaicin duba your gida domin shaida sheƙarsu na kwari kamar yadda zai yiwu a gudanar da dubagari, a cikin gidajensu da magani.
• idan zai yiwu, to gina a kan gado labule.
• kiwon lafiya.

Domin yawon bude ido:

• kauce wa ziyartar Jungle, musamman a cikin bude rani tufafi.
• wani m tsarin kula da zabi wani wuri zuwa barci.
• yi ba za a jarabce su kasashen waje Goodies ga wani abun ciye-ciye miƙa ta titi da kuma kasuwar yan kasuwa (idan babu wani yaƙĩni da cewa abinci da aka shirya, wadannan da hygienic dokoki).

Domin Sanepid:

• bincika jariran da mazan yara wanda uwar rubuta Chagas 'cuta.
• gudanar da maimaitawa na tsohon gine-gine.
• a kai a kai dubagari magani na zama gabatarwa 'yan ƙasa.
• nunawa na bayar da jini da kuma masu bada taimako da za a yi nazari a hankali.

Akwai wani tsari don bincika dukan baƙi zuwanshi daga kasashen da ke fama, wanda ya hana yaduwar Chagas cuta a cikin sauran yankuna. Duk da haka, ba babban samu na trypanosomes Cruzi dabba cuta matsala a cikin shekaru masu zuwa ne mai wuya a magance su.