Tarihi na Lesya Ukrainka: hotuna da abubuwan ban sha'awa

Duniya adabi ne mai arziki da sunayen marubuta da kuma kasida, wanda aikin kama zukatan miliyoyi. Daga cikin su shi ne sunan babban Ukrainian mawãƙi, sanannun biyu a gida da kuma waje. Mutane da yawa sun saba da ta shayari. Amma ba kowa da kowa ya san yadda farin ciki da kuma ban mamaki shine biography na Lesya Ukrainka. Abin da ya ta rayuwa?

The rabo daga cikin mutum ruhu

Biography Lesia Ukrainka cika da zafi, soyayya, wahala mai kirtani na m bincike, wanda aka nuna a cikin ta aiki wuce yarda talented. Mamaki idan kowa da gaske game da bala'i na ta da makoma? Gaskiyar cewa kusan duk ta rayuwa ya faru tare da sanin m cututtuka, babban a kan m jiki?

Biography Lesia Ukrainka ban tausayi da mamaki. Saboda tarin fuka da ƙasũsuwa mace duk rayuwarsa an tilasta wa yi ɗingishi. Cuta, dalili wahala kanta, prematurely kawo wa kabari na ta lover. Venter da gangan ya tsoma baki tare da ta aiki da kuma na sirri rayuwa - da damar da kanka don shirya rubutu, kuma bai taba yarda da na ta zabi.

Hard yi imani da cewa mace aka haife m, zai iya jure duk wadannan wahalhalu jimre da ta share. Kuma shi ba kawai ci gaba da tsinke ruhu, amma kuma ya zana daga wani ƙarfi, kuma wahayi zuwa haifar da kyakkyawan ayyukansu. Da dama daga cikinsu, kamar biography kanta Lesia Ukrainka, da kuma a yau ya zauna da fa'ida. Sunã ɗaukar wata babbar kula da fata da kuma ruhu na invincibility, koyar da alheri da gaskiya kuma.

Lesya Ukrainka: biography Ukrainian marubuci

Farawa matsahi na saba da biography na Lesya Ukrainka, daya ya gane cewa shi aka halitta kerawa. Ta Tawagar kunshi mutane dada talented, ilimi da kuma m.

A mafi kusa ta mutum - nasa uwa - ya shahara Ukrainian mawãƙi da fassara wanda Ya halitta pseudonym Olena Pchilka. A halin yanzu, wannan mata, sunanta Olga Kosach. Sunan mai amfani ta "ya" wani sanannun Ukrainian marubuci Panas Mirny, a cikin ra'ayi na ganin cewa ya kasance saba da ta musamman da aiki da kuma hayayyafa aiki.

A kawunsa ya shahara Ukrainian tarihi da kuma folklorist, wani aiki jama'a adadi, wanda ya tsaya a asalin Ukrainian gurguzanci. Sunansa - Mikhail Petrovich Dragomanov.

A gidan da aka sau da yawa nakan yi fice wakilan na Ukrainian kawo dukkan. Sadarwa da al'adu da kuma sosai ilimi mutane, ba shakka, rinjayi sauran ci gaba na 'yan mata, a kan samuwar duniya view, kazalika da ta nan gaba cin matsayin mawãƙi.

Inda ba za ka iya karanta game da ita rayuwa?

Talented da haske biography na Lesya Ukrainka a cikin Ukrainian harshe yana kunshe ne a cikin litattafan da ke samuwa ga dalibai karatu da Ukrainian-harshe makarantu. Mawãƙi da tabbaci bautar wani shahararren wuri a cikin Gungu daga cikin mafi kyau marubuta da kuma kasida da Ukraine, da nazari, da kerawa da cewa samar da makaranta shirin.

Dalibai na Rasha-harshen makarantu a Ukraine, tare da Rasha da kuma na kasa da kasa, an ma karatu da kuma Ukrainian wallafe-wallafe. Suna karfafa ka san ko biography na Lesya Ukrainka a cikin Ukrainian.

Shi yayi duk da Rasha-magana yawan Ukraine, kazalika da sauran kasashen da suke so su koya game da rayuwa na mawãƙi, a Rasha rubuta littattafai masu yawa da kuma monographs, kazalika da wallafe a kafofin watsa labarai. Bugu da kari, da biography na Lesya Ukrainka a Rasha (kazalika da in Ukrainian) ne a fili samuwa a kan Internet.

Ta rayuwa labarin ne ya cancanci hankalin mutane da yawa. Shi ne ba kawai mai muhimmanci da aiki da mawãƙi, amma ta Indomitable so, da marmarin rayuwa da kuma soyayya.

Taqaitaccen Tarihin Lesya Ukrainka. asalin

Ta real name - Larisa Petrovna Kosach. An haife shi a Fabrairu 13 (New Style 25th) 1871 a Novograd Volyn in Ukrainian daraja iyali na zuriyar dattawa.

Iyaye na gaba mawãƙi - mazauni na bar-banki Ukraine - zaunar da su a Volyn yankin a lokacin rani 1868. Daga Kiev, da iyali koma zuwa wani sabon wuri a nan mahaifinsa da sabis.

The shugaban iyali, Peter Antonovich Kosach, wani lauya da horo, a bafadan, aka tsunduma a cikin zaman jama'a da ayyukan. BautarSa aiki ya fara tare da daraja na wani collegiate magatakarda, domin a yayin da aiki a matsayin shugaban na nobility a cikin Kovel gundumar. Tun 1901-th - da ainihin Jihar councilor. Uvekalsya adabi da kuma zanen. A gidan da aka kai a kai tattara artists, kida, marubuta, iyali kide da aka gudanar.

Uwar poetess Olga Petrovna Kosach (Dragomanova) zo daga komai a fili gentry, Ukrainian marubuci, publicist, ethnographer. Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, da sunan da - Olena Pchilka. An aiki takara a cikin mata motsi, da m almanaha "farko kambi".

Brief biography na Ukrainian Lesia Ukrainka aka nuna a cikin labarin kasa (a duba "About ta - a ta mutuniyarsu harshen.").

Tawagar

Mahaifiyarta ta wa (kawun na marubuci) ya shahara marubuci, folklorist da kuma wallafe-wallafen zargi, masanin da kuma jama'a adadi Mikhail Petrovich Dragomanov. Hereditary bafadan, a cikin lokaci, ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin farfesa, a Jami'ar Kiev, sa'an nan wani farfesa a Jami'ar Sofia (Bulgaria). Ya hada kai tare da Ivan Franko.

Uncle taka muhimmiyar rawa a siffata da ra'ayoyi yar dangi: miƙa mata gurguzu imani, da akida na hidima da mahaifarsa. Tare da taimakonsa, nan gaba mawãƙi sosai karatu da dama kasashen waje harsuna da ya iya ganin samfurori da classic duniya wallafe-wallafe.

Inna Lesya (abin da ake kira nan gaba mawãƙi a cikin iyali), Elena Antonovna Kosach, ya mai aiki juyin juya halin Musulunci. A watan Maris 1879 domin shan kashi a cikin kisan gillar da daya daga cikin gendarme jami'an, ta aka fitar da su Siberia for 5 shekaru. A wannan taron Les amsa tare da ya fara waka, "Hope" (1880).

jariri

Ta ya rabuwa daga wana Mikhail. Tare da suke samu ilimi a gida, yin m Masters.

Karanta Les koya a 4 shekaru. Godiya zuwa ga uwarsa farkon fascinated Ukrainian almara.

Tun 1878, ta fara ta da abota da wani 'yar'uwar mahaifinsa - da inna man da ya bar ta mark biyu a rayuwa, kuma a cikin aiki na mawãƙi ne.

A cikin wannan shekara da iyali koma kauye Kolodyazhni (Volyn), inda mahaifinsa, wanda aka canjawa wuri zuwa aiki a Lutsk, saya ƙasar.

A shekara, aka kama shi kuma kõre su Siberia inna, Elena Antonovna Kosach.

A 1880 mijinta aka kama shi kuma kõre wani inna, Alexandra Antonovna Kosach (Szymanowska), wanda, tare da 'ya'yansa biyu koma ya zauna a cikin iyali ɗan'uwansa. Inna Sasha fara Lesya farko music malami.

A cikin hunturu 1881 da yarinya samu wani mummunan sanyi, tare da sakamakon cewa ɓullo da wani tsanani cutar da cewa fatalwa ta rayuwa. Ya fara numfashi ba zafi a kafa, sa'an nan ya fara cutar da hannu.

Doctors kamu da farko rheumatism. Bayyanar cututtuka da cutar da aka neutralized da taimakon sayen magani magunguna tare da su. Amma kawai ga wani lõkaci.

Auto biography na Lesya Ukrainka a cikin Ukrainian harshe ƙunshi ayoyin game da abin da ta kamata da lifelong fama da ita haunting zafi da kuma ta jiki wahala. The m yarinya da indestructible hali da kuma gagarumin Ya ɗaure a kan. "Mazaunan ban da kuka, ina smіyalas" - ta rubuta. A cikin Rasha da wadannan kalmomi ana fassara kamar haka: "Domin kada ya yi kuka, ina dariya."

ganewar asali

Kolodyazhni kauye ya zama m wurin zama na iyali. A nan ana haife ƙaramin yan'uwa maza da mata (duk a cikin iyali da aka kawo yara shida).

A 1883 (Les da ɗan'uwansa Michael a lokacin rayu kuma ya horar a Kiev) ta ne suka kamu da tarin fuka da kasũsuwa, ashe, aiki da hannu, haddasa ta to dole manta game da aiki na pianist cewa mun yi mafarki game da.

Koma zuwa Kolodyazhni inda warke kuma ci gaba da ilimi a gida.

matasa

Tare da taimakon mahaifiyarta, ta yin nazarin Turai, ciki har da Slavic harsuna. Kazalika da Latin da tsoho Greek. Shi ne m na zanen.

A matakin na iyali ilimi Larysa Kosach evidenced da cewa a shekaru 19 ta dogara ne a kan rubuce-rubucen da sanannun masana kimiyya, ya zuwa ga 'yan'uwa mãtã littafi a kan tsohon tarihin da Ukrainian harshe, wanda aka buga shekaru masu yawa daga baya (a 1918) a Ekaterinoslav.

Yana fassara a cikin wani yawa na Ukrainian (ayyukan Heinrich Heine, Adam Mickiewicz, Homer, Victor Hugo, litattafan Gogol da sauransu.). Kuma wannan duk da cewa cutar da ake kullum sanya kanta ji. Amma uwar kawo Lesya karfi mutum wanda yana da wani hakki ba, a zuwa wani rauni da kan-aika da su ji.

A farkon kerawa

Kuma duk da haka, mafi muhimmanci, fiye da masu arziki biography na Lesia Ukrainka - ayyukan da mawãƙi ne.

A 1884 ta fara rayayye rubuta (in Ukrainian). Ta farkon waqe - "Sappho," "Lily", "Red Summer zo," da dai sauransu -. Lviv wallafa mujallar "Dawn".

An bayyani na rubuta ayyukansu

A tsawon lokaci, shi zai zama marubucin ayyukan da dama nau'o'i a aikin jarida, shayari, litattafan, wasan kwaikwayo. Mutane da yawa za su yi aiki a filin tatsuniya - tare da ta murya za rikodin fiye da 200 jama'a karin waƙa. Zama wani aiki takara a kasa motsi.

Sai ya shahara a Lesya Ukrainka samun ta hanyar halittar:

1) collections na aya:

• 1893rd: "A bisa kan fikafikan Songs".
• 1899 th "Duma da mafarkai".
• 1902 d: "Feedback".

2) waqe:

• 1893rd "Old Tale".
• 1903rd: "Daya kalmar".

3) AMD:

• 1913th: "Boyar".
• 1907 th "Cassandra".
• 1905 d: "A catacombs".
• 1911 th "Forest Song" da sauransu.

Amma zai kasance nan. Kuma duk da haka ...

balaga

An fara daga 1891 na biyu shi yana tafiya zuwa Galicia, Bukovina, ya gana da yawa shahararren Figures na Yammacin Ukrainian al'ada: V. Stefanik, I. Franko, A. Macovei, O. Kobylyanskaya, H. Kobrin.

A lokacin shekara ta (1894-1895) na zaune tare da kawunsa Michael Dragomanov a Sofia.

Tsanani da rashin lafiya sojojin ta da za a bi a mura a Misira, Jamus, Italiya, Austria-Hungary. Mawãƙi akai-akai ziyarci Caucasus, Odessa, Crimea. Tafiya wadãtar da kwarewa da kuma fadada sãsanni.

A cikin bazara na 1907, tare da ango Klimentiem Kvitkoy ta ziyarci Alupka, Yalta, Sevastopol.

A watan Agusta a wannan shekara, su dai da aure. Wasu kasance a Kiev, sa'an nan matsawa zuwa Crimea, inda Kvitka sarrafa don samun wani matsayi a cikin kotu.

'yan shekarun nan

Ta cuta cigaban haƙuri. Da tarin fuka da ƙasũsuwa ya tsananta, a cikinta aka kara wani m cuta na kodan.

Ta sami ƙarfin da aikin, shawo kan ciwo mai tsanani da wahala.

Ta kuma mijinta tattara almara, sarrafa kansu wasan kwaikwayo. A lokacin jiyya a Caucasus aka halicce wasan kwaikwayo extravaganza "Forest Song", wani ban mamaki waka "cin duniya" lyric-almara triptych sadaukar Ivanu Franko.

Bayan koyo na 'yarsa ta cutar aggravated, uwar zo zuwa Georgia, wanda ya rubuta a karkashin ta karantawa karshe sauran ba a kare ba drama - "A gaba na Alexandria."

Babban Ukrainian mawãƙi ya mutu a kan Yuli 19 (1 ga watan Agusta) a 1913 a cikin Jojiyanci garin Surami. Ta 42 years. Ta aka binne shi a Kiev a Baikove hurumi.

Game da shi - a ta harshe

Biography of Lesya Ukrainka a cikin Ukrainian, wanda muka gabatar a wannan labarin taƙaice rahoton riga dauke da bayani game da rayuwar ta. Harshe na mawãƙi zai shiga ta ruhu da kuma mafi fahimtar ta ciki duniya:

"Lesya Ukrainka - psevdonіm vidatnoї ukraїnskoї pismennitsі, poetesi, Perekladach, al'adu dіyacha. Spravzhnє іm'ya - Larisa Petrіvna Kosach.

25 1871 dire al'ummai sun mіstі Novogradі-Volins'ka a dvoryanskіy rodinі. Uwar poetesi Bula vіdomoyu pismennitseyu scho pid halitta psevdonіmom - Olena Pchіlka. Batko CCB visokoosvіchenim pomіschikom. Uncle Lesі - vіdomy vcheny, іstorik Michael Dragomanov.

A domі Kosachіv nerіdko zbiralisya tsіkavі, osvіchenі gostі, vlashtovuvalisya domashnі kide i mai tsarki, mahalarta yakih Stavan dіti.

Les navchalasya a Private vchitelіv. A 6 rokіv vmіla vzhe kyau vishivati.

1881 wuya a zahvorіla tuberkuloz kіstok.

Lafiya Kariya ta hanyar niƙa juya zmushena na daga Kyiv, de navchalasya lokaci іz wa a mai zaman kansa vchitelіv zuwa Kolodyazhni (rіdny Mayetok a kan Volinі). W Relief materі vivchaє іnozemnі MTIE (frantsuzku, nіmetsku cewa INSHI).

A 1884 rozpochinaєtsya її aiki dіyalnіst yak poetesi. Lvivske vidavnitstvo "Zorya" drukuє Pershi vіrshі "Konvalіya" Sappho "ta INSHI.

1885 vihodit її Ukrainian pereklad tvorіv Mikoli Gogolya.

Nadalі Won bagato perekladala: Homer, Heine, Mіtskevicha, Hugo.

A 19 rokіv manufa pіdruchnik іstorії for svoїh 'yan'uwa mãtã.

W 1891 farko bagato mandruє Galicia kraїnami Єvropi, vіdvіduє Gruzіyu, Іtalіyu, Єgipet. Znayomitsya na vіdomimi dіyachami svіtovoї cewa ukraїnskoї al'adu. Deyaky hour prozhivaє a Sofії a kawun.

Sau da yawa tsі podorozhі vimushenі kafa Zdorov'ya pismennitsі. Ale yi ɗoyi kãtse th Nadzvychaina sytuatsia rozshiryuyut її krugozіr cewa nadihayut a kan tvorchіst. Її poezіya - charіvnі zbіrki vіrshіv "Vіdguki" Osіnnya Tale "," krill pіsen "," za Pisni game da "ban mamaki fadin" Kasandra ", wani wasan kwaikwayo-feєrіya" Lisova pіsnya "ta INSHI - prosyaknutі lyubov'yu zuwa Svoge mutane cewa yogo іstorії, zaklikom viboryuvati kiyaye cirewa rabo.

A serpnі Won pobiraєtsya na Klimentієm Kvіtkoyu, yaky її schiro Kochav. Molodі prozhivayut a Krim. Domin pіdozroyu neblagonadіynostі Shekara a girma a kan kvartirі zdіysnyuєtsya zhandarmsky obshuk, viluchayutsya littattafai.

Ostannі Rocky Zhittya Lesі Ukrїnki wucewa a wata mafi girma farashin cewa lіkuvannі. Lashe vіdvіduє Yalta Batumі, Tbіlіsі, Kiev, Odessa, Єvpatorіyu, їzdit a kan konsultatsії zuwa Berlіnu, lіkuєtsya a Єgiptі.

Mutu poetesa 19 Lipnya 1913 vіtsі dutse a 42 rokіv a mіstі Suramі (Gruzіya) ".

ta taken

A leitmotif na kerawa da kuma lifelong taken Lesia Ukrainka yiwu a yi la'akari da ita kalmomi:

"Ni, ina so krіz slozi smіyatis,

Sered aka kõfatansu a kan duwatsu spіvati pisni,

Ba tare da tukuna spodіvatis na Hope,

Zhiti so! Fita Dumi sumnі! "

Ta biography ne ban sha'awa da kuma mamaki

Masu karatu Keen m marubuci ko mawãƙi, karatun na aikin biography, so don samun sani shi, an so a rayuwar da abubuwa a cikin abin da gunki zai bayyana haske da kuma mafi bambance bambancen. Ga wasu ban sha'awa facts daga biography na Lesya Ukrainka.

A cewar connoisseurs ta rayuwa da kuma aiki, da mawãƙi kaunace "kuhovarit". Ta dafa shi bazara strawberry da ceri jam. Kuma da zarar ya kawo da kuma dasa biyu bushes dogwood. Suka har yanzu da 'ya'ya. Amma su berries jam tafasa ne yanzu ma'aikata na gidan kayan gargajiya a kauyen Kolodyazhni.

A cewar 'yan'uwansa, a lokacin da lucidity, idan bari tafi da cutar, ta gasa lemun tsami ban mamaki mazurkas.

Akwai sun kasance mai raɗaɗi tightening a cikin 'yan watanni, wani lokaci a lokacin da Les saboda rashin lafiya ba sa iya fita daga gado. Amma ba ta rasa zuciya, na nutsa cikin kerawa, ci gaba da basira da.

Ta dangantaka da maza - mai haske, m da kuma mamaki da kyau - cancanci a littafin. Ta farko gaskiya soyayya, wanda kãma Lesya 15 shekara, ya Maxim Slavinskiy (18 years old). Wannan soyayya da aka nuna a ta aiki, amma dangantakar da aka ba dade.

A m ciwo a zuci bar a 1897. Nestor Gambarashvili matasa Jojiyanci dalibai quartered a Kosachev. Sun sanar da juna ta harshen: shi ne ya - Faransa, da ya yi - Jojiyanci. Lokacin da Nestor aure wani, Lesia yanke ƙauna san babu haddi. Bayan shekaru 45, tsohon lover yi kuka a kabarin da ya soyayya.

Sergei Merzhinsky shine mutumin da ya bar mafarki mafi kyau a rayuwarsa. Sun haɗu a wurin makiyaya kuma da sauri suka samo harshe na kowa, duk da cewa Lesya sun fuskanci irin wannan wahalar da ta sha wahala a wani lokaci ana tilasta masa fada a kan benci kuma ya zauna har na dogon lokaci.

Ba za ta iya yin amfani da ita ba, domin ta yi imani da gaske cewa saboda rashin lafiyarta za ta zama nauyin ga ƙaunatacciyar ƙaunatacce. Ya sulhunta kansa da abin da zai kasance kawai abokiyarta.

Amma cutar buga Merzhinsky. Tana da ciwon rashin lafiya, Lesya yana neman hanyar warkar da ƙaunatacciyarta, yana aiki a kan gado da rana da rana. Amma irin mummunan tarin fuka yana ci gaba, kuma Sergei yana mutuwa a hannunta. Lesya za su kasance da ƙaunarsa a gare shi. Tun daga yanzu ta sa tufafin fata kawai.

Shekaru shida bayan haka, a cikin litattafan wallafe-wallafen, ta sadu da Kliment Kvitka, wani mashahuriyar mawaƙa da masanin gargajiya. Merzhinsky ya ci gaba da rayuwa a zuciyarta, amma ta karbi kyautar Kvitka. Su aure yana da shekaru shida kuma ya ƙare tare da mutuwar mawaki.

Sun ce Clement ƙaunar Lesya sosai daga lokaci zuwa lokaci ya sayar da kayansa da kayansa don ba ta magani. Bai iya gafartawa matarsa ta fara tafiya ba. Bayan mutuwarta, Kvitka ya rayu shekara arba'in, yana shan azaba da tsawata mata don barin ta kadai.

Tarihin Lesya Ukrainka (da aikinta) yana da haske, basira, wanda ba a iya mantawa. Hanyoyin al'ajabi da wahala, wahayi na ruhu da kuma gwagwarmaya da cutar, abubuwan da suka samu nasarori da abubuwan da suka faru na ruhaniya, abubuwan ci gaba na ruhaniya da asarar ƙauna. Daya daga cikin mafi kyaun mawaƙa da marubuta na Ukraine, an tuna da shi ba don ayyukanta masu kyau ba, amma har ma tana da sha'awar rayuwa da ƙauna.