Creativity Lermontov takaice. Ayyukan M. Yu. Lermontov

Daya daga cikin shahararren marubucin Rasha, "annabi" na farkon rabin karni na goma sha tara, wanda ya rayu shekaru ashirin da bakwai kawai ... Amma a cikin wannan gajeren lokaci ya iya bayyana a cikin ayar dukan abin da ya dame shi.

A wannan labarin, zamu bincika aikin Lermontov. Bari mu ɗanɗana a takaice kan lokacin cigaba da cigaba da marubucin, kuma muyi magana game da ainihin manufar ayyukansa.

Mista Yu. Lermontov

Yana da wuyar magana game da aikin Lermontov takaice. Yana da wani mawuyacin hali, tare da Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin.

Lokacin mafi girma ga Mikhail Yuryevich ya fadi a cikin karni na sha tara. Wannan shine tarihin tarihin mulkin Rasha, lokacin da al'umma ta kai matsayi na ciki da jin kunya. Bayan da shan kashi na cikin Decembrists 'tawaye ya zama dole a samu sabon amsoshin da tsofaffin tambaya: "Abin da ya kamata na yi?"

A cikin wallafe-wallafen, ana nuna wannan yanayin a ƙarfafa halayen kyawawan dabi'u, tabbatar da rashin yarda da abubuwan da suka faru. Duk da haka, Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov ya tafi hanya daban-daban (hoto na hotunan kansa ya gabatar a kasa).

Mawãƙin ya kasance mai aminci ga romantic a duk tsawon rayuwarsa, amma ya iya haɗuwa da hankali tare da hakikanin abu a cikin waƙoƙinsa, wasan kwaikwayon da yaɗa.

Na gaba, zamu magana game da lokaci biyu na kerawa na wannan babban mutum. Amma ta duk abubuwan da ke faruwa sai layin ja-gora zai cika sha'awarsa ga ƙaƙƙarfan rai, gwagwarmaya, manufa ta Byronic ta 'yanci.

Ƙaddancin matasa

Masu bincike da masu wallafa wallafe-wallafen raba ayyukan Lermontov zuwa cikin lokaci biyu. A takaice, wannan mataki ne na wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ya kasance daga 1828 zuwa 1836, kuma balaga. Yankin dake tsakanin su shine mutuwar Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin da kuma aikin "Mutuwa na Mawãƙi."

Saboda haka, yunkurin da yaron ya yi na farko don nuna ra'ayoyinsa a cikin waƙoƙi yana nufin shekaru goma sha huɗu. A wannan lokacin, "yakin" ya auku a tsakanin mahaifinsa a cikin iyali, wanda ya ga iyawar dansa kuma ya goyi bayansa a kowane hanya, kuma a matsayin kakanta wanda ya yi ƙoƙari ya yi wa kansa makirci daga yaro.

A farko waqe suna Ribar tare da yanke ƙauna, boyish, jaruntakar da muradi fafitikar. Wannan ya haɗa da zane na Demon da Monolog, wanda daga baya ya ɗauki siffar a Duma.

Bugu da ƙari, matsaloli a kan iyali, halin da mawallafin mawallafi ke ciki ya rinjayi tasiri sosai ta hanyar shan kashi na Decembrists da yanayin da aka zalunta wanda ya ci gaba a cikin al'umma.

A lokacin wasan kwaikwayon, saurayi ya san masaniyar litattafan Yammacin Turai, musamman ma yana son aikin Byron. Saboda haka, shayari na Lermontov ya haifar da hotuna na jarrabawa da ruhu marar natsuwa. Su masu zaman kansu ne, suna nema 'yanci, suna raina yanayi kuma suna cikin rikici na har abada tare da kai.

Mature matakai

A juyo zama mutuwar Pushkin. Wannan lamari ne wanda ya canza aikin Lermontov. Bayyana wannan a cikin kalma ɗaya - ya tada.

Yanzu Mikhail Yurievich ya fahimci makomarsa a matsayin annabi da mawaƙi. Karanta zukatan mutane tare da kalma. Nuna wa jama'a halin da ke faruwa a cikin Rasha.

Don haka, Lermontov ya bar Caucasus, daga sarki da "bayinsa". Ruhun kyauta da ruhu na mawãƙi ya ƙi halin da ake ciki yanzu. Ya sanya abubuwan da ke cikin ayoyin Annabi, Mutuwa da Mawaki, Borodino, Rodina da sauransu.

A ƙarshen rayuwar ne aka haifa "fararen hula" Lermontov. Hoton mawaki a cikin Caucasus ya nuna rashin jin kunya, haushi, yana nuna zurfin tunani da kuma yarda.

Har zuwa mutuwarsa, marubucin ya tasowa tunanin zamantakewa da siyasa na Pushkin, Belinsky, Chaadaev. A cikin aikin da aka tsara na lokacin da yayi girma ya kawo tambayoyin game da ƙarshen tsara, abin bala'in ƙauna, yayi ƙoƙari ya fahimci wurin shayari a cikin tarihin ɗan adam.

Dalilin gwagwarmayar

Kamar yadda muka fada a baya, shahararren Lermontov ya cika ta hanyar motsa jiki, ra'ayoyi, hotuna. Ikon Ubangiji Byron a kan saurayin ya rayu har tsawon rayuwarsa.

Mista Yu Yu Lermontov na farko sun cika da jaruntaka, rashin rabi-rabi, wahala daga rashin daidaito a cikin duniyar duniyar da rashin fahimtar bukatun mawalla.

Musamman cike da yanayi da kwarewa na saurayi an sauya shi a cikin ayyuka uku - "Mai tsaron gado", "Kurkuku" da "Sail".

An rinjaye su ne ta hanyar hoton sararin samaniya. Alal misali, a cikin "Sails" mun ga kwarewar al'amuran ciki a ruhun mawaki, wanda yayi ƙoƙari ya nuna su tare da taimakon jirgin wanda ya ɓace cikin teku.

Maimakon "mai ɗaurin kurkuku" ba wai kawai tsayawar Lermontov a bayan kotu ba saboda "rashin mutuwar mawaki." Har ila yau, wannan shine tunanin saurayi game da matsayinsa a cikin Rasha a karkashin tsarin mulkin yanzu.

Wannan batu ya ci gaba a cikin "Knight Knight". Haka kuma an rubuta shi a ƙarshe cewa ya bi duel tare da Barant. A cikin aikin da muke lura da hankali a tsakanin rikici da al'umma.

Don haka, irin wannan yanayin ya nuna rashin amincewar Mikhail Yuryevich don mika wuya a cikin kaddamar da tsarin zamantakewa da tarurruka.

Fate tsara

Bisa ga bita na masu zamani, labaran Lermontov ya bayyana burin burin masu hankali, wanda mafi yawan suna tsoron ko da tunani.

Babban aiki, wanda aka cika da dalilin rashin tabbas da fushi daga aikin jama'a da kuma matsoci, shine "Duma" mai kula da hankali. A cikin jinsi, yana kama da waka "Mutuwa da Mawãƙi." Amma, ba kamar na farko ba, a nan an rubuta dukkanin basirar, kuma ba matsayin kotu ba.

Mikhail Yurievich a cikin waƙar ya la'anta masu zamani don rashin tsoro kuma ya guje wa gwagwarmaya siyasa don samun makomar gaba. Tare da wannan, mawãƙi ya kira su zuwa sabuntawa na ruhaniya da na ruhaniya. Lermontov ta ra'ayoyin gaba daya resonate tare da Rileyev ta tunani a Citizen.

Masu sukar lokaci, Herzen da Belinsky, sun fahimci bayyanar wannan aikin. A ciki, sun ga furcin da ya fi dacewa game da rashin jin dadi da rashin tausayi da suka shafi al'umma a cikin karni na sha tara.

Abun jinya

Kamar sauran waƙoƙin da M.Yu. Lermontov yayi game da shekarun karshe na rayuwa, ayyukan "A cikin minti daya na rayuwa mai wuya ...", "Ina tafiya kadai a kan hanya ..." da kuma "Kuma gajiya da bakin ciki" suna cike da kwanciyar hankali da bakin ciki.

Mai mawaka ya gajiya da wani rikici marar amfani da ma'abota zamani waɗanda ba sa so su ji muryarsa kuma su tashi daga maƙasudin kisa. Halin gaggawa da yanayin aiki na samari ya kwanta a hankali a cikin ƙuƙwalwar wani al'umma mai lalata.

Kowane layin waƙoƙin da aka ambata a sama ya nuna sha'awar tserewa daga cage, wanda Lermontov yayi la'akari da rayuwarsa. Shi, kamar yadda yake a matashi na farko, har yanzu ba shi da hankali, kamar dai an haifi shi gaba daya daga lokacinsa.

Kamar sauran waƙoƙin da Lermontov ya yi, waɗannan waƙoƙin suna da alaƙa da shimfidar wurare da kuma jinin zuciyar marubucin. A cikin ayyukan uku da aka ambata a sama, mun ga bakin ciki da ƙarancin wani mutum wanda ya ba da ransa don tada farfajiya, amma ya kasance ba tare da shi ba.

Wannan babban hoton

Ba wai kawai waƙoƙin Lermontov ba ne ke nuna hali game da abubuwan da suka faru ba a cikin talatin. Jagora zai iya bayyana tunaninsa mafi zurfi cikin kalmomi kadan. Duk wata layi na iya cike da ma'anar boye.

Idan muka yi kokarin bincika biyu daga ayyukansa ("Annabi" da "Mawaki"), za mu ga cewa rashin jin zafi wanda Mikhail Yuryevich ya ji. Na farko daga cikin wadannan an rubuta 'yan makonni kafin malamin ya mutu. A ciki, wani mutum mai shekaru ashirin da bakwai ya kwatanta gwarzo a siffar annabi watsi da rashin fahimta. An tilasta masa ya zauna a hamada kuma ya jimre wa abin ba'a daga 'yan takarar' yan takara.

Ayyukan na biyu shine halin banbanci na ban mamaki. A ciki, marubucin ya kwatanta aikin mai mawaki mai mahimmanci da ainihin wanzuwar yakin da ya dace. Da farko, lokacin da yake bukata, sai ya yayata wasikun kuma ya cika burinsa. Bayan - kawai kayan wasa na zinariya ne maras kyau, ƙurar ƙura a kan shiryayye.

Matsayin jama'a

Yu Yu Lermontov ya bayyana cewa, halin da ake ciki na ainihi ya kasance a cikin al'amuran da suka faru a cikin al'umma, kuma ba su yi adawa da taron 'yan tawaye ba.

Saboda haka, matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici ne a cikin wannan waƙa kamar "Farewell, unwashed Russia", "Mutuwar Mawãƙi" da kuma "Sau nawa, kewaye da wani motley crowd ...".

A cikinsu mun ga ciwo mai zafi da fushi a ruhancin ruhaniya na al'umma. Musamman karfi shine aikin karshe na sama. A ciki, Lermontov ya nuna fuskar fuskar sarki da karfinsa a karkashin masks, kwatanta su da mafarkai na sautunan karkara tun daga yara. An rubuta wannan waka bayan ya ziyarci Carnival Sabuwar Shekara a St. Petersburg, a cikin hunturu na 1840.

Gwarzo wanda ya tsere ya mutu a cikin tsaunukan Caucasus a kan asalin yanayin rayuwarsa da bala'i ya nuna alamar mutanensa. Daga baya masu sukar sunyi ta'aziyya game da yadda wallafe-wallafen suka rasa. Lermontov ya gudanar, a cikin shekaru ashirin da bakwai, ya dasa hatsi ta rashin biyayya a cikin jama'a, ya tashe shi daga gwiwoyinsa bayan shan kashi na Decembrists.

Love

Ayyukan M. Lermontov ba wai kawai sunyi tunanin gwagwarmaya na mutum guda mai girman kai da al'umma, kogi mai haɗari ko maskedu ba. A cikin wasu daga cikin halittunsa mun haɗu da abubuwan da suka shafi ƙauna. Duk da haka, jinƙai na har abada da bala'i da mawaki ya damu ba ya bar mu a can ko dai.

Saboda haka, a cikin wannan labarin, mun zama sananne game da matakai da ra'ayoyin da aka bayyana a cikin aikin babban mawallacin Rasha.

Abin farin ciki gare ku, masoyi!