Architecture da kuma na ado siffofin na Amiens Cathedral

Amiens Cathedral ne daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci a Turai na Gothic gine kayayyaki. Yana da wannan shahararren haikalin a birnin Amiens (France), a wani wuri kama hankali a yankin da aka sani da "kwarin Faransa Turawa ba".

birni Amiens

Wannan birni ne a cikin arewa, kusan rabin hanya tsakanin Belgium da kuma Paris, a kan Somme, 55 kilomita daga English Channel (kudu-maso-gabas). Amiens - shi ne mai marabtar, fili da haske birni, ayi tsakanin kore gidãjen Aljanna da Sommskogo ruwa tashar, wanda a da yawa bariki sare shi. Yana da aka gina bayan da aikace-aikace a lokacin yakin duniya na II, da devastation kusan daga karce kuma yanzu ya zama babbar cibiyar domin samar da takalma da kuma Textiles, inji aikin injiniya da kuma metallurgy, masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci. Domin leisurely dogon tafiya a babban titi tare da Linden lungu. Zhyul Vern sane yanke shawarar yin wannan kusurwa na factory, inda ya tafi kusan a kowace rana za ka zana a ƙasashe masu nisa kwatanci.

Tashoshi a kusa da Amiens Cathedral

Wannan Cathedral ne babban coci na zuwa cocin bishops. Dukan yankin da an rufe tare da tashoshi. Sun yi dukan cibiyar sadarwa. 55 km - total tsawon. Wadannan canals aka haƙa ƙarni ago ta Romawa. Cathedral daga 1981 ne karkashin UNESCO kariya, tun da shi ne a duniya Heritage Site. Faransa birnin Amiens, a Bugu da kari, da aka sani da kuma sauran addini Monuments, wanda suna da yawa a nan.

Tarihi na ginin

Mu ne sha'awar da babban coci da aka gina a cikin girmamawa St. Mary. Haka kuma an sani a matsayin Cathedral of Our Lady of Amiens. Duk da haka, mafi yawan mutane har yanzu fi son vernacular. Shi ne mafi girma babban coci a Turai. Shi ne kuma daya daga cikin duniya most Gothic majami'u.

Amiens Cathedral aka gina a kan site na tsohon gini, wanda a cikin 1218 da aka ƙone da walƙiya. Bisa ga rubutu a kan ragowar "labyrinth", halaka ta a 1825, ta yi aka fara a yamma karshen a 1220. A 1236 th m da naves aka kammala. Hor - to 1247th, amma shi ya sha wahala a wuta jim kadan bayan kammala. A karshe nau'i na da ya dauki a 1269. Back a cikin 13th karni, da yammacin facade aka kawo wa wardi. Duk da haka, a cikin 15th karni shi underwent gyara. A daidai wannan lokaci na sama na shi da aka kammala.

Bisa ga inscriptions "labyrinth" magina, su uku suna Masters: Tom de Cormon tare da dansa, Rene De Cormon, da kuma Robert na luzarches. Sun yi aiki a lokaci daga 1220 zuwa 1228, wato, a lokaci guda lokacin da wasu majiɓinta gina Reims Cathedral. Buttresses na farko bene an ya karu a cikin marigayi 13th karni, da kuma jinkiri tsakanin su zama chapels.

Cathedral Architecture

Chartres Cathedral aiki a matsayin wani abin koyi domin gina Amiens. Wannan uku-nave Basilica da suka ci gaba ɓangare na mawaka da fadi da transept. Mawaka na Cathedral kewaye da wani kambi na chapels. Adadin su ya kai bakwai. A talakawan daga wadannan a lokaci guda karfi da ingiza. Uku naves ne transept. Kamar yadda a Chartres, sredokrestiya cibiyar daidai da tsakiyar gini a cikin irin wannan shiri a matsayin Amiens Cathedral. Kaidinsa, duk da haka, da ɗan daban-daban daga Chartres.

Cathedral of Amiens ne mafi girma daga duk abin da suke a Faransa. Its tsawon (a) shi ne 118 mita (ba tare da tsakiyar doguwar Chapel), da kuma nave da talakawan tsawo ya kai 42.3 mita. Da nisa daga cikin naves (ban gefen ɗakin sujada) - 33 mita, transept - 59 mita, da kuma choral sassa - 48 mita.

Wannan babban coci ne guda rabo tsakanin nisa daga cikin tsakiyar da kuma gefen aisles na main "jirgin", kamar yadda a Reims. Shi ne game da 9:14. Amma a cikin Reims babban coci square ne ciyawa aisles, kuma a Amiens su ne rectangular (game da 9h7 m). 14 mita ne da nisa daga cikin nave.

A ciki na babban coci da Amiens ne daya. Ya sannu a hankali ya buɗe sama, a cikin zurfin, a duk inda. A abun da ke ciki na nave ne mai sauqi qwarai: jimlar tsawo na shi bisects da cornice na farko bene. Tsaye gidan kashe ahu gudanar high, bautar da kasa zuwa rabin. A wani tsawo na 18 mita shi yana da nasa tushen castle, yayin da kawai 9.5 m ne da tsawo daga cikin gidan kashe ahu daga cikin shahararrun manyan mukaman babban coci.

The kudu hasumiyar da aka gina a kusa da 1366, da kuma arewacin - a 1401-m. Gothic gine na babban coci, ko ta yau nagartacce ne yarda da juna,. Amiens Cathedral, tare da Reims da Chartres suranta Triniti Mai Tsarki Church of France, wanda aka mai suna da wata kuri'a da litattafansu na 13th karni da kuma high gothic style.

The gine-gine da shirin ginin mu kasance sha'awar shi ne kama da sauran Gothic Cathedrals na tsakiyar zamanai, ciki har da Paris-Notre Dame. A baƙi yanzu suna da wata dama ta musamman zuwa hawa yamma hasumiya, located a kan rufin ginin da kuma daga can ji dadin gaske ra'ayoyi na gari a Faransa.

ƙõfõfin Amiens

Gates ¡iyãma babban ƙofar babban coci da Amiens aka mai suna. Ganuwar da ginin ado da daban-daban addini scenes, wanda su dace a yi tashin matattu tsine da kuma ajiye Allah da kuma Ɗan apocalyptic mutum tare da janyewa daga bakinsa takuba biyu et al. Gate located a yamma facade na gefen dama suna sadaukar da Maryamu. Wannan ita da Patroness na babban coci. A gefen hagu na ƙofofin facade suna sadaukar da farko bishop na Amiens, da Ruhu Mai Firmin.

haske show

Daga 1 Disamba zuwa 1 ga watan Janairu, tare da Kirsimeti, da Cathedral a matsayin wani ɓangare na haske show Highlights da kyau sosai fitilu. Yanayi da yamma gaba da sihiri inuwa, music da play haske. Yawancin lokaci a cikin 45 minutes har da shirin gudanar, za ka iya duba wani m spectacle. Wannan Multi masu launin hasken wuta da kuma canza launin facade na babban coci da Amiens. A cikin play haske da kuma inuwa, shakka daraja a look. Bugu da kari ga facade, daya bayan da wasu karin bayanai sculptures, located a kan yammacin facade na babban coci da Amiens.

Kaya daga Ioanna Krestitelya cikin babban coci

Wannan katin kasuwanci na birnin Amiens ne breathtaking. Da zarar ciki, za ka gane cewa ba kawai waje ado ne daban-daban ƙawa. Tu babban coci ne kaya daga Ioanna Krestitelya. Cikin ganuwar da hankali kiyaye shugaban na saint a matsayin tushen waraka da kuma babban manufar aikin hajji taro na mũminai. Shi ne ta hanyar wadannan kayayyakin tarihi, bisa ga tsohon-Ms., Amiens Cathedral zauna abinsa lafiya a lokacin Nazi harin bom. Yayinda zuwa ganuwar, bawo canza yanayin da haka kaisu baya.

Lokacin bikin Kirsimeti an, dubban bauta tara karkashin arches na babban coci. Da yawa daga cikinsu zo nan daga sassa daban daban na duniya.

Sculptures, ciki

Kalmomi ba zai iya bayyana girmamãwa daga cikin haikali. Cathedral, siririn hasumiya gungu sokin sama, cike da ni'ima sauti. Sifted taushi bakan gizo canza launin akwai gilashi haske kawas iridescent tunani a kan sredokrestiem located, a tsakiyar dakin. Yawan sculptures na Littafi Mai Tsarki jigogi jaddada ga ladabi da facade Lines. Su total number ne game da 4500. Duk da haka Amiens Cathedral a Faransa, da aikace-aikace na sculptural ado ne ba kamar yadda arziki a matsayin Reims. Shi ne kuma baya zuwa karshen cikin sharuddan ingancin. Duk da haka, Amiens babban coci portals da dama m mutummutumai, in general magani da kuma rabbai wanda evinces hakikanci da m magana.

The kwarai finesse da kyau na sassaka "Golden Madonna". Yana da wani real jauhari a Diadem. A haskoki na rana, wannan sassaka haskake wani m haske. Jagora a cikin wannan halittar ya yi nasara a bayyana da kyakkyawa, rashin laifi kuma ruhaniya tsarki. Madonna located a kan Figures Manzanni. All Figures ba da wata halitta hali. Su duka magana da juna (manzanni - guda biyu kungiyoyin Maria - Baby), idon basira da rai.

A adadi na Almasihu, located a tsakiyar tsakiyar portal, bambanta da ta daidai daidaita kuma majestic sauki. A mutane, shi ne, wani lokacin ake kira "wani cikakken Allah na Amiens."

Ground portals zone adorns yawa medallions, wanda suke reliefs da watanni na shekara, ãyõyi na zodiac, da sauransu.

History of Gothic style

Gothic style fito a cikin tsakiyar 12th karni a Faransa. A mafi muhimmanci na ayyukan da ya yi a cikin wannan kasa ne Cathedrals na Reims, Amiens da Chartres. France zauna da yawa Monuments na ga Gothic style, daga babbar Cathedrals zuwa chapels. A 15th karni, na tsawon "Flamboyant Gothic", kawai 'yan misalai daga abin da suka tsira. Wannan, misali, Paris Saint-Tower Jacques da Rouen Cathedral (ɗaya daga cikin portals).

Features na Gothic Cathedral of Amiens

By fragmentation da kadaici sarari Romanesque gine-gine to gama daban-daban na sarari abubuwa da kuma 'yancin fassarar, kamar yadda muka gani a cikin Paris Cathedral, da Gothic ya yi hanyar fiye da rabin karni. Duk da haka, shi ne a Amiens Cathedral, ta zo don ta gina sarari, na gargajiya ga ta. Yana da warware a duk girma daga wani fasaha tauyewa, yayin da rike tsabta daga tectonic kuma sanyata definition of Lines, kundin da talakawa da suke kewaye da shi. The ji 'yanci, wanda halitta wani sarari na expressivity a cikin Cathedral of qazanta abubuwa, yaxuwa haske, ba da uku-girma siffar softness - duk wannan halitta mai ƙãre abun da ke ciki na irin gine-gine kamar yadda Amiens Cathedral. Ado siffofin da wannan Haikali da damar mu mu kira shi da daya daga cikin mafi m Tsarin cikin duniya.

Wannan babban coci ne idan aka kwatanta wani lokacin tare da tsoho Greek Parthenon. The sosai, kuma a yalwace ado facades gaske yana sanya shi a kan wani par da mafi girma halittun da duniya gine.