Transistor sauya. A kewaye aiki manufa

Lokacin aiki tare da hadaddun zane-zane amfani ne da yin amfani da daban-daban fasaha dabaru da za su iya cimma wannan burin kadan kokarin. Daya daga cikin su shi ne halittar semiconductor sauya. Abin da suke? Me ya kamata su halitta? Me aka kira su "lantarki keys"? Mene ne siffofin da wannan tsari ne, da kuma abin da ya nemi?

Abin da sanya transistor sauya

An kashe tare da yin amfani da filin ko bipolar transistors. Bugu da ari, kashi na farko, kuma Tir keys da cewa suna da iko p-n-maha? Ar. Daga cikin bipolar ba rarrabe / cikakken. Transistor canzawa 12 V zai gamsar da asali bukatu, daga mai son rediyo.

A tsaye yanayin

A da shi na nazarin cikin rufaffiyar da kuma bude jihohin da key. A farko mashiga ruwa ne mai low irin ƙarfin lantarki matakin, wanda wakiltar ma'ana sifili sigina. A irin wannan yanayin, da da mika mulki ne a baya da shugabanci (cutoff an samu). Kuma a halin yanzu tara iya kawai shafi cikin zãfi. A bude jihar da key shigar da shi ne wani babban ƙarfin lantarki matakin m to dabaru daya alama. Operation ne zai yiwu a biyu halaye lokaci guda. Irin wannan aiki na iya zama a cikin jikewa yankin ko da mikakke yankin na fitarwa halayyar. Munã tattauna su a mafi daki-daki.

jikewa key

A irin haka ne, transistor mi ake son zuciya a gaba shugabanci. Saboda haka, idan ka canza tushe na yanzu, da darajar da haraji ba zai canza. A silicon transistors domin nuna bambanci na game 0.8 V wajibi ne, yayin da na germanium ƙarfin lantarki fluctuates cikin 0.2-0.4 V. A key a matsayin janar jikewa da aka kai? Don yin wannan, tushe na yanzu ƙaruwa. Amma duk abin da yana da iyaka, kazalika da karuwa a jikewa. Saboda haka, a lokacin da ka isa wani halin yanzu darajar, shi daina girma. Amma me ya sa ciyar da jikewa na wani key? Akwai musamman kudi, wanda ya nuna halin Jihar harkokin. Tare da ta kara aza damar ƙaruwa, wanda da transistor sauya, takobin tada zaune tsaye dalilai fara shafi wani karami karfi, amma akwai tabarbarewar a yi. Saboda haka, jikewa factor darajar zaba daga jayayya sharudda, mayar da hankali a kan matsalar da ya kamata a yi.

Disadvantages unsaturated key

Kuma abin da zai faru idan shi da aka ba a samu mafi kyau duka darajar? Sa'an nan kuma akwai irin wannan shortcomings:

1. Awon karfin wuta fall bude key rasa har zuwa game da 0.5 V.
2. Worsen rigakafi. Wannan shi ne saboda da ƙara shigar impedance, wanda aka lura a cikin keys a lõkacin da suka bude. Saboda haka, tsangwama kamar irin ƙarfin lantarki da zangarniya da zai kai ga wani canji a transistor sigogi.
3. Cikakken key yana da muhimmanci zafin jiki da kwanciyar hankali.

Kamar yadda ka gani, wannan tsari ne har yanzu mafi alhẽri a gudanar da wani, to ƙarshe samun cikakken na'urar.

gudun

Wannan siga dogara a kan iyakar halatta mita, za a iya za'ayi lokacin da sharuddan sauyawa sakonni. Wannan bi da bi ya dogara da duration na mika mulki tsari, wanda aka ƙaddara da inertia na transistor, kazalika da tasiri na parasitic sigogi. Don faye hali yi dabaru kashi sau da yawa nuna talakawan lokaci da ya auku a lokacin da wata sigina jinkirta da ta watsa a cikin transistor canji. Zane nuna ta al'ada daidai wannan kaddarance martani iyaka da kuma nuna.

Hulda da sauran keys

Don yin wannan, couplers amfani. Saboda haka, idan na farko canza fitarwa ne a wani babban ƙarfin lantarki matakin, to, akwai a na biyu mashiga bude da kuma yanã gudãna a qaddara yanayin. Kuma mataimakin versa. Irin wannan sadarwa kewaye ma rinjayar da dõgẽwa matakai cewa faruwa a lokacin ya sauya sheka, da kuma gudun da makullin. Ga yadda wani transistor canji. Mafi na kowa ne makirci a cikin abin da hulda faruwa ne kawai tsakanin biyu transistors. Amma wannan ba ya nufin cewa ba shi yiwuwa a yi na'urar da cewa za a yi amfani da uku ko hudu ko ma fiye da abubuwa. Amma a yi wannan zai iya zama da wahala a sami wani amfani, don haka aikin da irin wannan transistor canza ba a amfani da.

Me ya zabi

Abin da mafi alhẽri aiki? Bari mu kwatanta cewa muna da wani sauki transistor canji, wani irin ƙarfin lantarki wadata wanda shi ne 0.5 V. Sa'an nan, ta amfani da wani oscilloscope iya kama duk da canje-canjen. Idan tara halin yanzu na 0.5mA a wani kudi sa, da irin ƙarfin lantarki da dama zuwa 40 mv (tushen zai zama kamar 0.8 V). By da bukatunsu na matsalar mu iya cewa wannan shi ne quite wani gagarumin sabawa, wanda ya dora hani a kan yin amfani da dukan jerin daga makircinsu, misali, sauya, analog sakonni. Saboda haka, su ne batun musamman filin-sakamako transistors, wanda yana da iko p-n-maha? Ar. Su abũbuwan amfãni a kan bipolar takwarorinsu ne:

1. Da kadan darajar da saura danniya a kan key a aika rubuce rubuce jihar.
2. A high juriya da kuma a sakamakon - da kananan halin yanzu da cewa gudana ta hanyar da rufaffiyar memba.
3. Yana jan kadan iko, don haka ba ka bukatar wani gagarumin tushe na kula da irin ƙarfin lantarki.
4. Yana yiwuwa a canja lantarki low matakin da sigina, wanda sune raka'a microvolts.

canzawa transistor canza - wannan shi ne wani manufa aikace-aikace na filin. Hakika, wannan sakon da aka sanya na musamman don masu karatu da wani tunani game da su yi amfani da. A kadan na ilimi da kuma dabara - da kuma yiwuwar aiwatar, wanda yana da transistor sauya za a buga a yalwace.

aiki misali

Bari mu duba a cikin mafi daki-daki, yadda da sauki transistor canji. Sauyawa daga daya alama labari ne haƙĩƙa, sun shige kuma cire daga sauran mafita. Don kulle key a ƙofar transistor yin amfani da wani irin ƙarfin lantarki da cewa shi ne mafi girma fiye da dabi'u na tushen da kuma magudana zuwa darajar mafi girma daga 2-3 V. Duk da haka, ya kamata ku yi hankali kada su wuce halatta kewayo. Lokacin da canji da aka rufe, da juriya ne in mun gwada manyan - mafi girma daga 10 ohms. Wannan darajar da aka samu saboda gaskiyar cewa kara rinjayar more kuma baya nuna bambanci halin yanzu na pn maha? Ar. A wannan jiha capacitance tsakanin siginar sharuddan sauyawa kewaye da ƙofar lantarki ne a cikin kewayon 3-30 PF. Yanzu bude transistor canji. Tuki da kuma yi zai nuna cewa idan ƙofar ƙarfin lantarki da aka kusa sifili, da kuma karfi da dogara a kan kaya juriya da kuma wani switched ƙarfin lantarki halaye. Wannan shi ne saboda dukan tsarin na interactions ƙõfar, tushen da kuma magudana na transistor. Wannan halitta wasu matsaloli don amfani a cikin chopper yanayin.

Kamar yadda wani bayani ga wannan matsala, daban-daban na makirci da aka ɓullo da cewa samar da wani irin ƙarfin lantarki karfafawa da ya auku tsakanin tashar da Ƙofar. Bugu da ƙari, saboda da jiki Properties na har ma da diode za a iya amfani da irin wannan. Don wannan karshen, ya kamata a hada a baya shugabanci tarewa ƙarfin lantarki. Idan za ka ƙirƙiri da zama dole halin da ake ciki, da diode rufe da p-n-mika mulki yana buɗewa. Don canza a lokacin da switched ƙarfin lantarki zauna bude, da kuma tashar da juriya ba a canza, yana yiwuwa a hada high-juriya resistor tsakanin tushen da kuma shigar da key. Kuma gaban capacitor capacitances muhimmanci gaggauta recharging tsari.

Lissafi na da transistor canji

Don buga wani misali da lissafi na fahimtar, za ka iya musanya your bayani:

1) The haraji-emitter ƙarfin lantarki - 45 V. A total ikon masha'a - 500 MW. A tara-emitter ƙarfin lantarki - 0.2 V. A cutoff mita na aiki - 100 MHz. A tushe-emitter ƙarfin lantarki - 0.9 V. A haraji halin yanzu - 100 MA. Ilimin kididdiga halin yanzu canja wurin rabo - 200.

2) A resistor ga halin yanzu 60 Ma 5-1,35-0,2 = 3.45.

3) da harajin da juriya darajar: 3,45 \ 0.06 ohms = 57,5.

4) Ga saukaka, mu dauki maras muhimmanci darajar 62 ohms: 3,45 \ 62 = 0.0556 Ma.

5) Muna zaton tushe na yanzu: 56 \ 200 = 0.28 MA (0.00028 A).

6) Nawa da resistor tushe: 5 - 0.9 = 4,1V.

7) Ƙayyade da juriya na da tushe resistor: 4.1 \ = 0,00028 ohms 14,642,9.

ƙarshe

Kuma a karshe, game da sunan "lantarki keys". Gaskiyar cewa jihar da aka canza da na yanzu. Kuma abin da yake da shi? Haka ne, a sa na lantarki zargin. Daga wannan kuma babu wata na biyu sunan. Amma a general, kuma duk. Kamar yadda ka gani, da manufa na aiki da na'urar kewaye transistor sauya ba wani abu da rikitarwa, don haka ya fahimci wannan - shi ne mai yiwuwa. Ya kamata a lura cewa, ko da marubucin wannan labarin to refresh ta memory dauki kadan reference books ya aro. Saboda haka, idan kana da tambayoyi da terminology zan ba da shawara zuwa tuna gaban fasaha kamus da search na sabon bayani game da transistor sauya akwai.