Tsire-tsire - menene wannan? shuka iri

Duniya kewaye da mu ne bambancin da bambance bambancen. Nature ', wanda muka gani a kowace rana - yana da zahiri mulki mai girma, wanda sama da shuke-shuke. Wani lokaci muna sha'awan su, wani lokacin kawai ba su lura ba, amma gaskiyar ita ce, da shuke-shuke - shi ne mai raba duniya da na kewaye da mu. Ya zaune da breeds bisa ga nasu mutum dokokin, amma ba tare da shi wanzu , dã ba dabbobi kuma mutane.

Mene ne wannan?

Lalle ne, kowane daga cikin mu san sunayen wasu shuke-shuke da kuma hanyar da suka duba a gaskiya. Mutane da yawa da sauƙi zai rarrabe chestnut ganye daga itacen ƙirya, flower Tulip poppy. Amma o kimiyya iya amsa, abin da jinsunan, iyali, ko aji a cikin abin da wani bai wa shuka zai sanya sunan mazauninsu da sauran nuances ba a sani ba ga kowa mutum.

A gaskiya, da shuka - wata kwayar tsarin cewa ya sanya tsoho Greek Falsafa Aristotle a cikin aji na masu rai, ba su iya motsawa. Kamar yadda muka sani, da tsire-tsire ne muhimmi a cikin girma da kuma ci gaba, amma ba ya motsa a cikin sarari.

Daya daidai definition wannan lakabi ne ba yanzu, amma duk da masana kimiyya zo Tsayawa akan matsayin cewa shuke-shuke - shi ne guda musamman kwayoyin. Godiya ga shi, ba bace daga yanayi na al'amarin, haka ma, da suka ci gaba kullum da kuma aiki.

ãyõyin shuke-shuke

Duk da cewa a duniya akwai wata babbar yawa na shuke-shuke (game da 320 000 jinsunan, amma bisa ga wasu kafofin, akwai game da 350 000), har yanzu akwai zabin, wanda ake classified kusan duk irin kwayoyin:

• M membranes na cellulose muhimmi Kwayoyin.
• A gaban chloroplast tare da kore pigment da wanda photosynthesis daukan wuri, da kuma a sakamakon, akwai wani koren launi na ganye.
• Tsire-tsire ba zai iya motsa a sarari.
• A ci gaba da wadannan kwayoyin faruwa ci gaba, da dukan rai sake zagayowar.
• Regulation na shuka rayuwa a kudi na shuka ba ji ba gani.

shuka bambancin

Kamar yadda aka ambata, kimiyya sani wata babbar adadin Flora. shuka iri - wadanda kwayoyin da cewa suna da wasu na kowa halaye an gaji. Alal misali, guda-jinsunan dauke furannin: May, da azurfa, Transcaucasus. Kamar wancan tallace ba kawai shuke-shuke, amma dabbobi da sauran halittu masu rai.

View garwaya a cikin HALITTAR, HALITTAR - a cikin iyali, da iyali - domin, an oda - a wani aji, da aji - a cikin sashen, wanda a nuna - a cikin ƙungiyar. Higher shuke-shuke - wadanda kwayoyin da cewa suna da wani hadadden bambantawa. Sun kasu kashi tushen, ganye da kuma kara (ko gangar jikin).

The complete gaban na sama sammai ne ƙananan tsire-tsire - mãsu zama a cikin ruwa, da babu Tushen, furanni, mai tushe. Suna iya zama guda-celled da kuma manya-manyan, kai 50-60 m, a tsawon. Wannan asalinsu ne ga kowa da kowa shuke-shuke, ba tare da togiya.

Akwai jinsuna ba a sani ba zuwa ga kimiyya, waɗanda aka bude a kowace shekara da masana kimiyya daga ko'ina cikin duniya, Investigates kuma fada cikin janar rarrabuwa. Idan irin kwayoyin a cikin wannan rarrabuwa ba ƙirƙirar sabon. Akwai kuma shuke-shuke da cewa suna bace daga fuskar duniya. Irin wannan nau'in kira miyagun ko miyagun. Suna shiga a cikin Red Littãfi.

Bugu da kari ga bambancin da shuka iri kuma suka sãɓã wa jũna a cikin nau'i na rayuwa - cewa bayyanar, wanda muka kasance muna ganin kewaye da shi. Wadannan su ne itatuwa, shrubs, inabõbi, shrubs, tsire da kuma ganye. Kowace daga cikin wadannan siffofin shi ne muhimmi a cikin tsarinta.

Abin da shi ne a cikin shuka

Kowace shuka na da musamman tsarin. Dangane da irin shi ne canza. Wasu daga cikin su ne unicellular, yayin da wasu da wani hadadden tsarin da tsarin. Alal misali, itacen - a shuka da cewa nasa ne da mafi category. Yana yana da dama sassa da shi ne daya daga cikin mafi wuya jinsunan Flora.

Duk da wannan, mafi yawan tsire kunshi wani tushe, kara ko gangar jikin (na itãce, kuma shrubs), ganye, lokaci-lokaci - launuka daga abin da 'ya'yan zai iya ci gaba. Wasu jinsunan, kamar daji ya tashi, ya tashi bushes da itacen ƙirya da ƙayayuwa. Sun yi wani m aiki na shuke-shuke, don haka da cewa ba su iya ci dabbobi ko ciwo mutane.

Karkashin kasa da kuma sama-ƙasa ɓangare na shuka

A tushen da shuka - shi ne babban tushen lamarinsa. An fi located a karkashin kasa da kuma gina jiki da danshi da kuma gina jiki. Ba tare da wannan ɓangare na shuka kawai mutu. Saboda wa kurangar inabi za a iya karbe ta wasu shuka iri. Ba tare da shi, za su lalace. Alal misali, ferns, ko da idan an haƙa daga ƙasa domin na gaba shekara iya sake girma a kusa da tabo inda ya gada da aka girma.

Yana fita daga tushen zangarniya. Ya shirya sauran sassa, wanda suke mafi girma shuke-shuke. Wannan shi ne wani muhimmin bangaren da masu rai, saboda ta ganye, furanni da kuma 'ya'yan kawota ruwa, ma'adanai, kayan lambu ruwan circulates. Idan tushen ba su da isasshen gina jiki, da kara za su zama kasãla, kuma rashin ko ya mutu.

Stalks, ko modified, za a iya kira da kodan (farkon kara daga abin da girma harbe), spines (short harbe tare da wani kaifi tip - ya tashi, daji ya tashi), gashin baki (inabi), platyclade (cacti) da kuma pseudobulbs (thickening a kusa da ƙasa a wasu orchids).

Karkashin kasa mai tushe raba rhizome (daban-daban na itatuwa), tubers (dankalin turawa), stolons (ADOXA), kwan fitila (albasa, Lily), tubers (Gladiolus). A wasu jinsunan, suka bauta wa kawai ga haifuwa, yayin da wasu - wani tushe ga ganye.

Wani sashi cewa characterizes mafi girma shuke-shuke, - a takardar. Don haka ya kira m jiki wanda aka hannu a photosynthesis, za a iya tarko danshi da kuma gina jiki.

Flower, 'ya'yan, iri ...

Wadannan sassa na shuke-shuke suna kira generative, watau haihuwa. Shi ne da godiya ga su da kuma kara da rayuwar jinsunan a duniya. Lokacin da aka ƙaddara shi ne lokacin kowace shuka, shi ya bayyana a flower, sa'an nan jiki na shirye pollination da kuma kara kiwo. Rikitarwa flower tsarin kubutar da pistils da stamens pollinate su, sabõda haka daga baya a wuri bayyana 'ya'yan itacen. Wannan metamorphosis halin da 'ya'yan itatuwa da kuma wasu bushes.

Wasu da wakilan flowering ne a cikin flower a tushe na pistil, ovule ne inda tsaba ci gaba. Wakilai daga irin wannan tsire-tsire ne da alkama, da poppy da sauransu.

A 'ya'yan itace da shuka - shi ne na karshe mataki a cikin ci gaban da flower. Yana ƙunshi mutane da yawa amfani da abubuwa da jikin mutum, wanda ake bukata domin al'ada rayuwa da kuma ci gaba. Binciko dukan 'ya'yan musamman kimiyya - carpology. Bayan duk, su rarrabuwa ne sosai bambancin da kuma m.

An sau da yawa samu a cikin 'ya'yan da iri shuke-shuke. An kafa daga ovule kuma shi ne bangaren da ta hanyar abin da yawan jama'a za su ci gaba da rubuta. Shuka tsaba - wannan jam na nan gaba na jiki, wanda za a haife shi a gaba tsawon girma.

Me shuke-shuke?

Ba tare da shuka rayuwa a can zai zama babu dabba ko mutum. Wancan ne mafi muhimmanci rawa a wannan duniya tamu. Tsire-tsire - wadanda kwayoyin da cewa sha hasken rana da kuma maida shi cikin amfani abu domin kansu. Suna kuma halin da yiwuwar maimaita iska. Mamaye cutarwa carbon dioxide, sun saki oxygen. Saboda haka, za mu iya cewa da tabbaci cewa akwai dukan terrestrial kunsa ta hanyar shuke-shuke.

Tsire-tsire suna abinci ga dabbobi da mutane. Ba tare da su a can zai zama babu rayuwa. Saboda wannan dalili, akwai da domestication na shuke-shuke da namo. Bayan duk, ba kowane daya daga cikinsu za a iya amfani da, misali, shi ne dankali, abin da girma a kan plantations of America a gaba ɗaya m ga wani abinci. Amma a lokacin da aka kawo zuwa Turai da kuma kiwo a gida, ya zama da kayan lambu daga mazaunan duniya tamu.

kare muhalli

Ba kawai sarrafa da cutarwa gas a cikin oxygen-shahara shuka. Su ma m sakamako a kan samar da makamashi al'amarin. Shuke-shuke - a real oxygen mask na duniya cewa tana goyon bayan rai goyon bayan a kan shi.

Bugu da kari, wakilan da Flora ne babban abinci ga mutane da yawa herbivores. Ba cin nama, dã sun kasance a kan gãɓar rãmi na rayuwa. Saboda haka, wadannan kwayoyin ne da amfani sosai ga abinci dalilai.

Bugu da kari, su ne invaluable ga ƙasa. Wood - shi ne mai shuka da cewa ta dogon Tushen taimaka wajen hana ƙasa yashewa, rike da kogin bankuna daga zubar.

Flower - mai shuka da cewa kawo mai yawa tabbatacce motsin zuciyarmu. Yana bayar ga holidays, girma a kan windowsills da sha'awan da m shimmering da kuma musamman ƙanshi.

ƙarshe

An muhimmiyar rawa a cikin al'ummar yanayin kasa na duniya sun shagaltar da dukkan tsire-tsire. Suka ciyar a kan kwari pollen. A general, babu shuka rayuwa a duniya, dã ba wanzu ba.