Vladimir Odoyevski: Works da Genre, su poetics

Rasha adabi na karni na karshe don adana for zurriyar sunayen da yawa talented kasida da marubuta. Odoevskogo aiki - daya daga cikinsu - ne ban sha'awa a yanzu. Ya tatsuniyoyi, a utopian labari "4338 da shekara: St. Petersburg harafi," tarin "Rasha Nights" Za a tattauna a cikin labarin.

periodization na kerawa

marubuci ta aikin da aka raba yanaye cikin uku lokaci - dangane da wuri inda halitta Odoyevski aiki. A farko "Moscow" mataki alama da ya sa hannu a cikin da'irar "Lyubomudry" da kuma samfurori da alkalami. Da zarar a 1826 Odoyevski koma St. Petersburg, ya fara wani sabon lokaci na aikinsa, mai dausayi. A marubuci ya wallafa da dama tarin na tãtsũniyõyin, wanda za a so su karanta ko da a yanzu, bayan kusan shekaru 200. Na biyu "Moscow" mataki ne alama ta halittar Odoyevsky "Rasha Nights" - ya fi ayyukan ƙwarai, kuma ta aikata aiki a kan music.

"M Fairytales"

Odoyevski ayyukansu sau da yawa ana shirya a madaukai. Saboda haka, samar da wani "Motley Tatsũniyõyi", marubucin ya yi aiki a layi daya a kan wani tarin "Madhouse", sadaukar da taken m hauka. A hali zuwa cyclization za a iya bayyana ta wasu na kowa matakai muhimmi Rasha adabi na wancan lokacin. Sa'an nan, a cikin farkon 30s, a cikin haske ya fita "Belkin" da "maraice a kan wani Farm kusa Dikanka", wanda kunshi wani abu bane illa sake zagayowar. Wayarwa a kan Pushkin Yanã da hadaddun labari tsarin "Motley tatsuniyoyi." Tsokaci Odoevskogo zuwa samfurin (ko wani gabatarwa) ya gabatar da siffa daga cikin riwayan - Irenaeus Modestovich Gomozeyko. Ba kamar m Ivan Petrovich Belkin, da ya riwaito a cikin "Motley tãtsũniyõyin" ne da sunan autobiographical fasali. Daga bisani, ya yi kokarin a kan rawar da wani "wallafe-wallafen biyu", a madadin wanda marubuci zai gudanar da tattaunawa tare da samun jam'iyyar - karatu.

Tatsuniya "gari a snuffbox"

A gaskiya, da marubuci ya majagaba a cikin Genre na adabi tatsuniyoyi, za a yi nufin karanta da fari da yaro. A 1834, akwai watakila mafi shahara aikin Odoevskogo - "gari a snuffbox". A mãkirci ne mai sauki: Dad nuna yaron Misha music box, a snuffbox. Dan yana son ya san yadda yake aiki, buga shi (ya, ta hanyar, shi ne zai yiwu, a lokacin da wani mutum lures wani yãro-akwatin yatsa). Michael gana da mazauna garin - guduma da karrarawa - da kuma farka su fahimci manufa da aiki na samu gizmos. Tare da duk na da kansa m isa yabo a matsayin ban sha'awa labari nasara hade da ilimi pathos da tatsuniyoyi. Babban ra'ayin na aikin - don shawo mai karatu cewa yaron yana bukatar koyo domin su yi tunani, to bincika, shi wajibi ne don ilmantar da wani yaro da ya so ga ilmi.

"Rasha Nights"

Salo da aka buga a 1844, "Rasha Nights" ne quite wuya a gano. Sau da yawa wannan aikin Odoevskogo bayyana a matsayin tarin articles qazanta da falsafa hali. Suna da cikakken nuna masa ra'ayin na sāke kamanninsa na duniya, da hanyar da Rasha yana da in je. Ya kamata a lura da cewa littafin na "Rasha Nights" da aka riga da zurfafa Odoevskogo da asirai na daidai sciences - lissafi, Physiology da kuma tunani, kazalika da falsafa.

A lokaci guda, da marubuci ya rage gaskiya rinjãye magana. Kamar Voltaire, ya sanya ideas cikin succinct images philosophicity boyewa da ban sha'awa mãkirci. Saboda haka Odoyevski gini aiki a ko'ina cikin m. A mãkirci revolves a kusa da wani tarin yawa matasa suke faruwa to da juna aboki, kira Faust. Akwai su tattauna da tarihi, kokarin fahimtar da dokokin zamantakewar rayuwa zama, kuma su shiga cikin asiran duniya. A aikin da aka bambanta da intellectualism, wanda ya kai a kalla a cikin bayyanai na m tsari. A wannan yanayin, da Odoyevsky cika da aiki na wani meta-language: ma'adanin na labarin game da art. Saboda haka, Rasha marubuci na farko da rabi na karni na karshe shi ne abin mamaki kusa da daga baya kwarewa da mawallafa na karni na ashirin (ma'ana da farko ilimi litattafan da Thomas Mann).

Dialogism "Rasha Nights" - wannan shi ne abin makale Odoyevski. The ayyuka suna sanya shi a cikin tarin, kamar yadda idan ji tsoro ba wani tabbatacce amsar dot da i. Maimakon haka, mai karatu ya shirya don shiga cikin hasashe, yayata. Wannan "Rasha Nights" ne kusa da ayyukan wasu marubuta - Herzen da Belinsky - quite kwatsam, dole ne in ce, ba da bambance-bambance cikin ado fuskantarwa.

"4338 da shekara" kamar yadda wani utopian labari

Ƙarni biyu da suka wuce wani tauraro mai wutsiya Biely yi mai yawa amo. An yi imani da cewa bayan a yayin da shi za su fuskanci ko da tare da surface na Duniya. Wasu ayyukan Odoevskogo nuna wannan "batu na wani tauraro mai wutsiya," daga gare su - da utopian labari "4338 da shekara: St. Petersburg wasika," wanda, da rashin alheri, aka bar ba a kare ba. Marubucin kwatanta duniya ta hanyar 2500 shekaru, lokacin da ci gaban 'yan Adam za su taimaka domin ya ceci duniya daga kashedi game da nisan kafa. A samfurin yana dauke da prognostic fasali na almarar da utopian labari. marubucin ya yi hasashen cewa nan gaba bayyanar da yawa qirqire, ciki har da Internet. Duk da haka, jama'a ne bayyana ba, kazalika da alama: da taba-kara kalaman na bayanai ba tsunduma cikin mutum kwakwalwa reserves. Utopia jũya a cikin wani dystopia, domin gabatar da wannan salo a baya rubuce-rubucen (musamman a cikin "City ba tare da wani sunan").