Wasali, baƙi sauti: kadan game da Rasha imin sautin harshe

Duk wanda yake zaune a duniya da na sauti. Yanã jin babbling rafin, da rustling na tayoyin howling iska, da tsuntsaye singing, karnuka Shusha Barking, da gurgling na ruwa a cikin sintali, skvorchanie nama a cikin wani kwanon rufi frying, tsarkakewa, jawabin da yafi. Wani mutum saboda haka saba wa wadannan kasashe, wanda sau da yawa da ke hauka, kasancewa a cikakkar shiru.

Da farko, inda ya fara koyon wani harshen a makaranta - yana da imin sautin harshe, watau kimiyya da sauti na magana. Yawanci, wannan reshe na harsuna dalibai ba na son, amma a gaskiya shi zai iya zama da ban sha'awa sosai! By nazarin vowels da kuma baƙaƙe na Rasha harshen, dalibai koyi cewa 33 haruffa daga cikin haruffa wakiltar 42 Audio: 6 vowels kuma daidai da 6 sau fiye da baƙaƙe. Akwai haruffa, wanda dace biyu sauti, kuma akwai wadanda ba su wakiltar wani sauti.

A irin wannan preponderance na baƙaƙe ne lura a mafiya yawa daga cikin duniya ta harsuna. Philologists da aka sani da irin wannan musamman harsuna, kamar yanzu-matattu Ubykh, wanda shi ne har yanzu a cikin 90s na karshe karni ce karshe wakilan kananan mutanen da suke zaune a kan Black Sea Coast a Sochi. Ubykh ne mashahuri domin kasancewa a cikin 2 vowels (tsawo da kuma gajeren [a]), shi lissafta 84 baƙaƙe! A wani shafi ya Abkhazian 3 vowels game da 60 baƙaƙe. Irin wannan harsuna suna kira baƙi.

A waɗannan harsuna, wanda ake kira vocalic (Faransanci, Finnish), da yawan vowels da wuya ya wuce adadin baƙaƙe. Ko da yake akwai ban. A Danish 20 baƙaƙe asusu na 26 da wasula.

Babu shakka wasali sauti ne ba a duk duniya harsuna [kazalika]. Wannan shi ne mafi m, duk da haka, shi ne, ba dole ba ne ya fi mita wasali. Alal misali, a cikin harshen Turanci mafi yawan amfani da sauti [e].

Sha'awa, da wasali sauti na Rasha harshen an kafa "a kan exhale." The kawai togiya ne interjection "Ah-ah-ah", ya nuna tsoron, wanda aka furta a kan wahayi. Ta yaya wani wasali? The iska daga cikin huhu shiga cikin maƙogwaro da ya gana da cikas a kan hanyar da vocal igiyoyinsu. Su Range daga wani jet na exhaled iska da kuma haifar da sauti (murya). Sa'an nan iska ne ya gabatar a cikin baka rami.

Sa'ad da muka ce a wasali, lebe, hakora, harshe ba impede da iska ya kwarara, don haka da ƙarin amo ne generated. Saboda haka, wasali sauti kunshi guda sautin (murya) - saboda haka-kira. Da bukatar magana da karfi fiye da wasali, da fadi wajibi ne don bude bakinka.

Bambance-bambance tsakanin vowels daga juna saboda gaskiya, abin da fom mu ba baki. Idan lebe suna taso keya, an samu sauti [y] ko [o]. Harshe ba ya hana exhaled iska ne sosai don ƙirƙirar wani kugi, amma ta wuri a cikin baka rami ya canjãwa dan kadan a lokacin da sabawa cikin daban-daban da wasula. Harshe iya wuya a ɗaga ko saukar da saukar, kuma motsa baya da kuma fitar. Wadannan kananan ƙungiyoyi kai ga samuwar na daban-daban wasali sautuna.

Amma dai ba duka. A halayyar alama na Rasha harshen bambanci a cikin pronunciation na jaddada da kuma unstressed vowels. A karin matsayi muna ji [a], [a], [y] [s] [kuma] [e] - abin da ake kira da karfi wuri. A unstressed wannan matsayi (a cikin rauni matsayi) sauti nuna hali daban.

Wasali [a], [a], [e] bayan wuya baƙaƙe wakiltar wani abu kamar [a], amma ƙwarai raunana. Dalibai al'ada ayyana wannan sauti kamar [a], amma philologists da raba icon []. Bayan taushi baƙaƙe guda sauti ayan zama kamar [da] (masana ilimin harsuna kira wannan sauti "kuma tare da overtones e" - [IE]). Irin mamaki lura a pretonic syllables (sai dai ga cikakkar farkon kalma).

Yana da wannan siffa daga cikin "babban da kuma iko" da ke sa shi wuya ba kawai ga kasashen waje, amma har ga 'yan qasar jawabai. Haruffan unstressed vowels yi duba, ko tuna.