Yadda za a shuka sunflower a kasar?

Mai demokra] iyya shuka m gõnaki, kuma gonaki - sunflower, cikakken m zuwa da sunan da kuma kwashe haske hasken rana, yi ado mu gadaje da kuma endows tsaba - da samfurin, da dumama rai na kowane Rasha mutum. Wannan memba na iyali Asteraceae, 'yan qasar zuwa dauke North America, mamaki ya yi daidai a cikin wuri mai faɗi da Rasha gidan gona. Akwai biyu irin wannan amfanin gona - oilseeds (abinci), da kuma ornamental shuke-shuke. Yadda za a shuka sunflowers, wanda agronomic tausasãwa nema da kuma abin da yake da bambanci tsakanin namo abinci da kuma ornamental jinsunan, tattauna a yanzu labarin.

Features da kuma yin amfani da al'ada

Sunflowers oilseed girma a Rasha a matsayin masana'antu sikelin domin samar da man fetur, kazalika cikin gidãjen Aljanna da kasar gidaje, bi da manufar ba kawai don tattara da tsaba, amma ado site haske rana buds. Ado sunflower jinsunan, bred a 'yan shekarun nan, suna sosai bambancin. Akwai wani ban sha'awa iri tare da sauki, Semi-biyu da kuma biyu furanni na launi daban-daban da kuma m siffofin petals, daban-daban tsawo da kuma Compactness. Saboda nau'in bambancin, su an samu nasarar yi amfani da zanen kaya a cikin ciki lambu. Amma kamar yadda labarin da aka kishin tambaya na yadda za a shuka sunflower, yana ambaton oilseeds, sa'an nan za mu yi magana musamman game da shi.

Taxing a kan ci gaban yanayi da kuma fari-resistant sunflower sa koma spring frosts zuwa -5 ° C. Amma ya zama dole don samar da wani amfanin gona ba saboda la'akari da shuka.

Yadda za a shuka sunflowers a kasar: zaži site

Sunflower - haske-bukata al'ada, bukata iyakar ɗaukar hoto na kowane ɓangare na shuka. A rashin haske ne detrimental tasiri a kan ta ci gaba, na ado da kuma m halaye, don haka ba za ka iya hana thickening na landings, amma wani wuri a gare su su zabi mai kyau-lit. Saboda sunflower - shuka zafi-m da kyau kwarai ji ko da a karkashin iskar rana, da fit rabo located karkashin kyalli luminary ko'ina cikin yini. Dasa a Semi-inuwa tsire-tsire ba ko da yaushe suna da lokacin da za a nunarsa. Kafin dasa sunflowers a kasar, yana da kyawawa don samar da kariya a kan shigar azzakari cikin farji ta hanyar iska.

Sunflower picky game da ƙasa a cikin abin da za su yi girma. A mafi kyau kasa domin shi ne tsaka tsaki baki gona da m loam. Da yake mai karfi da shuka, ya fa, tã daga ƙasa matsakaicin adadin na gina jiki, mafi yawan abin da bukatar da al'adu ko kafin flowering. Saboda haka, kafin sunflower shuka ya kamata takin ƙasar sosai.

Ba lallai ba ne shuka al'ada a cikin wadanda wuraren baya girma legumes da Solanaceae. A mafi kyau precursors ne masara da hatsi. Bugu da kari, dole ne mu tuna cewa dasa sunflowers ga dama yanayi a jere a daya site ne a ke so, shi ne mafi alhẽri ya dauki hutu domin shekaru 3, tun da shuka ne na rayayye impoverishes cikin ƙasa. A lokacin da sauran da ƙasa rabu da mu da pathogens cewa suna da ha ari ga mai sunflower.

ƙasa shiri

Na farko kaka taki karuwa amfanin gona amfanin ƙasa, kuma ingancin tsaba. Digging a lokacin yin humus da phosphorus-potassium taki, sa'an nan takin a cikin bazara na shirya site ba zai yi. Digging sama da ƙasa a cikin bazara, shi ya zama mai kyau ga sassauta kuma cire duk weeds da, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa na asalinsu. Yadda za a shuka sunflowers? A mafi sauki da kuma mafi m hanya - shuka tsaba kai tsaye zuwa m wuri, bypassing da seedling lokaci na al'adu ci gaba.

Shiri na tsaba don dasa

Sunflower man iri - shekara-shekara shuka maturation wanda, dangane da iri-iri da kuma yankin da ake bukata daga 70 zuwa 150 days. Yadda za a shuka sunflowers daga tsaba?

Seed kafin dasa da kuma etched jefar. Ya kamata sa su a cikin wani akwati da ruwa ga sa'a daya don gane low quality-tsaba. Dry tsaba unproductive kuma taso kan ruwa zuwa ga surface, kuma fit dasa nutse a kasa. Kafin ka shuka sunflower tsaba ya kamata a etched a cikin shirye na musamman, da kewayon wanda yake sararin yau, ko a cikin mafita amfani a cikin gonaki. Alal misali, yadu rarraba etching Hanyar in tafarnuwa jiko, wadda aka yi tattali kamar haka: 100 grams na tafarnuwa, niƙa a blender, gauraye da wani karamin adadin albasa fata da kuma biyu lita, daga ruwan zãfi aka zuba. Bayan nacewa ga kwana da cakuda da aka tace da kuma jiƙa a shi da tsaba for 10-12 hours. Irin wannan jiyya na tsaba, ba domin kai tsaye manufa, wani takamaiman wari repels hakori da kwari, sau da yawa gano da tsaba a cikin ƙasa.

dasa dokoki

Tsaba ya kamata a dasa a wani dumi, warmed zuwa 8-12 ° C gona. A yankuna daban-daban na kwanakin ne daban-daban, don haka kafin ka shuka a sunflower a cikin lambu, ba ka bukatar ka kewaya da sharuddan da kan ƙasa zazzabi. Lokacin da ya kamata ka a warmed up ƙasa shuka iri a cikin shirye rami 2-3 tsaba, aka binne su a kan 8 cm.

Yana da muhimmanci a tabbatar da jinkiri tsakanin shuke-shuke. Sun dogara ne a kan irin sunflower. Major amfanin gona da ya kamata a rabu da nesa na 0.7-0.9 m, matsakaici -. 0.4-0.5 m ganiya nesa tsakanin sunflowers tabbatar maturation manyan achenes tare da high quality-tsaba. Wani daki-daki, a agrotechnical namo horticultural amfanin gona. Kafin ka shuka a sunflower a cikin lambu, ka tuna cewa wurin shi ne mafi kusa 1.5 m ga kayan lambu gadaje, ba lallai ba ne. Strong al'adun fa, tã abubuwan gina jiki daga kasar gona, don haka kusa da kusanci zuwa gare shi zai yi aiki oppressively a kan ci gaban da kayan lambu.

Al'adu haifuwa Features

Saboda sunflower - wani shekara-shekara shuka, da kuma Hanyar ta haifuwa - kawai tsaba. Akwai wasu tausasãwa cewa dole ne a cika su inganta amfanin gona:

• Al'adu kamar giciye-pollinated, da tsaba ya kamata a dauka na iri-iri da kuma canza su a kowace shekara.

• pollination tare da sauran iri ne fraught tare da raguwa a yawan amfanin ƙasa, kuma quality, kazalika da samuwar babban adadin pustosemyannyh kwanduna.

Kula da sunflower

Don samun amfanin gona mai kyau ingancin iri domin sunflower ya kamata a hankali duba bayan. The gona karkashin shuke-shuke dole ne a yadda ya kamata takin, ciyawa kuma sassauta a kai a kai da kariminci shayar, kazalika da kare saukowa daga daban-daban kwari, saboda sunflower ne a fi so bi domin da yawa daga cikinsu.

A bushe lokaci, ruwa da shuke-shuke kamata a kowace rana. Yana da kyau a samar da ruwa a tushen, kamar yadda yayyafa sunflower ki.

Al'adu likes potassium taki. An lura da cewa yau da kullum miya na phosphorus-potassium kari shafi ingancin tsaba, da size da kuma iyawa. A predominance na nitrogen da takin mai magani, a akasin haka, damuarn ci gaban da shuka, muhimmanci rage yawan aiki da kuma sa al'adun m zuwa cututtuka daban-daban. Hadu idan ya cancanta lokaci guda tare da dasa ko kafin flowering. Liquid ciyar mafi fi so.

garter

Yawancin lokaci kara daga cikin al'adu ne da karfi isa ya rike har ma da most achenes. Saboda haka, garter shuke-shuke ba lallai ba ne. Amma a rare lokuta, a lõkacin da aka dasa a yankin, ta hanyar-ƙaho da tsananin iska, sunflower taimako za a bukata, musamman a lokacin hatsi ripening achenes.

Kwari da su iko

Sunflower hatsi son zuwa idi ba kawai mutane, amma kuma kwari, hakori, da tsuntsaye. Saboda haka, kafin shuka tsaba daga sunflowers, shi ne Dole a aiwatar da etched odorous abubuwa da taimaka tare kwari daga landings. Birds zai rarake hatched sprouts, kuma a wannan lokacin shirya ƙarin kariya ga seedlings. Don wannan karshen, da kewaye dasa drive a kananan turaku, ja a tsakanin sĩlĩli fari, tsoratar da tsuntsaye. A 'yan makonni da tsire-tsire girma karfi, sa'an nan tsuntsãye su rasa sha'awa a cikin su har da lokacin da suka fara zuwa nunarsa tsaba. A wannan yanayin, da growers a cikin shakka ne daban-daban na'urorin - daga gargajiya zuwa tsoratar da tashi a iska tube na masana'anta, tsare, tsohon CDs da sauransu.

Yadda za a shuka sunflower ado

Akwai ba yawa bambanci a cikin namo sunflower iri. Ado shuke-shuke ma fi son a rana, tattarã daga iska shafukan da breathable drained ƙasa.

Lokacin yankan shawara a kan yadda za a shuka sunflower ornamental iri, shi wajibi ne don a zabi da ya dace sa. Su ma haifa da tsaba. Ado sunflower sown a farkon watan Mayu. Domin tsawo, ko kuma wajen, gudana flowering za a iya implanting tsaba cikin watan Mayu da Yuni. Su kara bunkasa 2-3 cm, yayin da mutunta saukowa tazara daga 0.3 zuwa 0.6 m dangane da iri-iri.

Kafin shuka sunflower, gida shirya jiko itace ash (30 grams / 0.5 lita) aka sanya shi a cikin shi ga wani yini tsaba. Perennial sunflower nau'in nasarar karbe ta rarraba daji, wanda aka samar a tsawon sauran - a cikin spring ko fall.

A labarin da ya bada amsa ga wannan tambaya na yadda za yadda ya kamata shuka da sunflowers, ya bayyana ainihin dokoki na kula ga wannan ban sha'awa da al'adunsu.