316 dakaru Division of General Panfilov. Tarihi Division sojoji feat

Sun mutane ne yanzu daidai sane da m 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da mawaƙa, shahararren' yan siyasa da kuma mutane su yi wani abu mai girma shekarun da suka gabata da suka wuce, ba su da sha'awar da shi. Amma mazan tsara ne da aka sani 316 dakaru Division of General Panfilov, tsãge da rayukansu shan fascists a Moscow. A lokacin yakin da postwar shekaru na Division na rubuta da yawa jaridu, da dukan 28 Panfilov posthumously zama Heroes na Tarayyar Soviet. Zai ze dõmin ya zama ba daidai ba? Bayan da feat na intrepid mutane a can. Amma akwai kayan, tabbatar da cewa 316 dakaru Division ya ba m da wani alhẽri daga sauran raka'a, constraining Nazis kan karkata daga Moscow. A kowane daga cikinsu heroically kashe mu da sojoji, wanda saboda wasu dalilai ba daya ce wani abu, amma na 28 Panfilov mutu ba duk. Haka kuma, ba dukansu sun kasance heroes, wasu daga cikinsu ma ya zama mayaudara. Mẽne ne - mouthing da heroism na Soviet sojoji, ko da so su gane gaskiya don mutane? A cikin wannan labarin, bisa kwarai takardun mu sake gina hanya na events na waɗanda shekara, ga duka matasa da kuma mazan ƙarni koyi gaskiya game da heroes.

Janar Panfilov

Kwamandan 316 dakaru Division, sanannen IV Panfilov, ya kasance mai yawan m. Ya aka haife kan 20.12.92 (tsohon style) ko 1.1.93 (sabon), don haka sami da juyin juya halin da kuma yakin duniya na farko. A 1915 da ya yi yaƙi a cikin Tsarist sojoji, amma daga 1918 ya zama Red Army, suka yi yaƙi da babban Chapaev, ya kuma san shi da kaina. A almara kwamandan nada wani matashi Scout Panfilov da takaice ya ƙarfin hali, gabagadi, ƙarfin hali kuma ikon rike da mafi m jobs tare da kadan, ko kuma ba asara ba. Wannan umartarku da mutum iyawa - kare ta sojoji da a lokaci guda kayar da abokin - kwamandan 316 dakaru Division, kuma mai ban mamaki mutum ya riƙe karshe lokacin da yake da rai. A cikin wani hali, ya za su kula da kowane daga cikin jirgin saman soja, a matsayin 'yan qasar ɗansa, don wanda ya kira aksakals kuma daga baya Batey. Ko bayan shekaru 3.5 bayan mutuwar wani m Panfilova daya daga cikin sojojin ya division rubuta a cikin kama daga Berlin Wall cewa ya Panfilovets kuma ƙara kalmomi: "Baba, na gode ga takalma."

A haihuwa na 316th dakaru

Bayan kammala karatu daga Kiev dakaru makaranta Panfilov samu zuwa Asiya ta tsakiya, inda ya jagoranci yaki da fashi makada. Kuma a ko'ina, ko da a cikin mafi m dutsen yankunan infested Basmachi, kusa da shi ne ya masoyi matarsa da mafi m aboki Masha, Maria Ivanovna. Tempered a yaƙi, jarumi, m kuma a lokaci guda mai hikima soja na Soviet Army I. V. Panfilova a 1938 aka nada soja commissar na Kirghiz Soviet Republic. Kuma a cikin wannan matsayi da yake zaki ya share da hankali ga matasa mayakan, amma bai iyakance don horo rawar soja amma kuma bukatun iyalan gidanku, da cewa ba peculiar to duk kwamandojin.

A farkon Yuli 1941 I. V. Panfilov tafi Alma-Ata, inda fara da samuwar wani karfi yaƙina, mai lakabin "316th dakaru Division". Panfilov da kaina zaba cikin mutane da shi, yana fifita Komsomol gwagwarmaya da kuma matasa gurguzu. Ta ƙirƙirar irin wannan babban naúrar, wanda babban aiki ya zuwa yãƙi da Nazis, Panfilov ka manta da cewa ta mayakan - musamman mutane, kuma amma sai sojoji, don haka buga su al'ada yanayi na masauki, abinci, m kayayyakin more rayuwa, ko shirya domin su m kide, da kuma dukan mata sanya a bayar da safa da skirts maimakon wando da kuma footcloths.

Training of soja basira

A almara 316 dakaru Division cewa kwashe daruruwan exploits, a farko da aka ba da tsari sosai yaƙina, kamar yadda aka gyara na da mayakan suna kadan, masani a cikin art na yaki, da yawa suka ji tsoron ko da tankuna. Saboda haka, IV Panfilov ta babban aiki shi ne ya sa horar da sojoji na rundunar tsarin, wanda ya aka bai daya kawai wata. Daga kamfanin kwamandojin da bataliya ya yi iƙirarin koyar da mutane horo, da jimiri, da kuma tare da shi, ba abin da abun da ke ciki na 316 dakaru Division hada da mutane 34 daga kasashe (akwai ko da mutane ko fahimta ba wata kalma a Rasha), nuna da musamman jiyya na sojoji to gama su duka a cikin wani m iyali. A horo kunshi wani dogon tilasta zanga, tsallaka da kõguna a cikinta, shan high-yakan, digging na ramuka da wuriyar yaƙi, da gina crossings. Domin shawo kan tsoron mayakan a cikin tankuna, Panfilov shirya horo tarakta hari, a lokacin da sojoji sun kasance a cikin ramuka, kuma ya jira tractors zai wuce a kan su, sa'an nan suka jefa su horo da gurneti.

baftismar wuta

Rantsuwa da sojoji na 316th dakaru Division dauki a ranar 30 ga watan Yuli da ya isa a Novgorod da kuma shiga a cikin 52 th Army a ranar 18 ga watan Agusta. Duk da yake ba a gaban Lines, da rabo da wani yawan mayakan bincike yadda ake gudanar. Musamman manyan leftana na sarki da mutanena su ka, ya kãma "harshen", da wata na'ura gun, kuma ya halaka 'yan Jamus. Yana shi ne na farko fama sortie, gama karfi ruhun mayakan wanda ya tashe nasara.

Amma manyan-sikelin ayyukan soji a kusa da Birnin Leningrad, 316 dakaru Division bai rike a farkon kaka aka canjawa wuri zuwa Moscow yankin, a cikin 16th Army Rokossovsky. Panfilovskaya 316 bindiga Division kamata toshe hanyar a kan Volokolamsk da kuma shagaltar da defenses a 50-mile gaban kashi. A nan a cikin division shiga harbi rajimanti 857 th Kurganova, amma har yanzu anti-kayan aikin soji Panfilov ya bai isa ba, ko a cikin shakka sun ko da anti-aircraft bindigogi da kuma mu daraja Katyushas.

Soja dabara Panfilova

Panfilov ta fi so kuma shugabannin yaƙi da kuma mayakan na general, 316 dakaru Division biya mai yawa sirri da hankali, yana da kyau sane da wuya daga cikin aiki. Don ƙara samu damar na samun nasara, ya yi amfani da kansa cigaba dabara na yaƙi, na kira da'a hadakai da ma'aikatan da cewa m, ko da a cikin mafi unpredictable yanayi fin so tsaron gida. Daga baya, wannan hanya za ta ajiye rayuwar daruruwan maza, a gaskiya, tsantsan da manyan dokar Bati, wanda ya sha nanata ce da maza ba ya so su mutuwa, ya so dukkan su tsira.

Wannan kawai daya daga cikin mutane da yawa mai daraja misalai inda rarrabe Lieutenant gefuna. Kamfanin ya dauki wani skyscraper, amma aka dauka a cikin wani m zobe na tankuna da dakaru na abokan gaba. Gefuna, ana wanzuwa ga mutuwa, ba zato ba tsammani tafi a kan m, kuma ba kawai m zobe, amma kuma hallaka 3 tankuna da wani babban yawan Nazis, kuma da kansa tare da wani kamfanin hutu daga encirclement. Daga baya, daya daga cikin Jamusawa rubuta cewa kidan mayakan "daji" 316th Division ya wuya sosai, saboda su ko da yaushe yi ba zato ba tsammani, ba tare da kasancewa batun wani dokokin yaki.

Fada a Volokolamsk

Mutane da yawa sababbin abubuwa da aka gabatar da shugaban 316th dakaru Division. Daya dabara ko da lakabin "madauki Panfilova," da kuma fara da za a yi amfani da wasu sassa na gaba. Duk da haka, duk da dukan} o} arin, a 316th akwai kuma kashi. Saboda haka, a kan Oktoba 15, da Jamus sun kaddamar da wani iko hari, bada Panfilov division, babban adadin tankuna. Kawai a kan hagu flank, inda da saƙon yi yaƙi 1075-th rajimanti, akwai fiye da 150 raka'a. A yãƙi ya musamman nauyi, amma 316 dakaru Division don kauce wa encirclement, lalata Nazi da tsare-tsaren yadda Panfilov gudanar a lokacin da za a taimakawa wa 1075 th mai yawa anti-tanki manyan bindigogi.

Bayan kwana 4, da Jamus crept kusa da Moscow da kuma dauki wasu daga cikin kauyen. A cikin wadannan fadace-fadace, da mafi heroism nuna Captain Lysenko, ci gaba da tsaro na kauye Ostashevo Captain Molchanov, da su mayakan harbe saukar 6 tankuna. Amma da Jamus yi okin su Moscow, ko da kuwa su hasarori. A Oktoba 25. Sai suka jefa a Panfilov Division game da 120 tankuna. Don ajiye da rundunõninsa Panfilov umurce su da su ja da baya da kuma mika wuya Volokolamsk. Daga cikin kotun domin wannan harka tsĩrar da shi Rokossovsky da cewa na zama harbi - Zhukov.

Ku yi yaƙi domin Moscow

Wahayi zuwa gare ta nasarar da Jamus ta ci gaba da kai hari. Zo Nuwamba 16, da rana daga cikin mafi munin (da Zhukov ce) yãƙi a Moscow da rana sanya su unprecedented feat 28 mayakan 316 dakaru Division. Jamus tafi ga m, da Wehrmacht ya Volokolamsk shugabanci riga 2 irin division. Taimaka musu su dakaru division. Bisa ga memoirs tsira mayakan sũ, sun kasance tankuna, a kan wanda ya zauna da dakaru da kuma jagoranci mai gudana wuta. Our sojoji ko ba ta da kansa don ya duba, inda ya jefa gurneti. A lokaci guda, a saman su da jiragen sama bamai. Duk wannan ambaliyar ruwa da mutuwa tsayar daya 316th dakaru Panfilov division.

Tare da alfijir daga cikin mafi iko hari fara ranar Dubosekovo, inda 1075 th dakaru rajimanti. Su umarce Ilya Vasilyevich Capri. A wannan 6 ga watan kamfanin kare Shiryaevo, 4th - kai tsaye Dubosekovo, 6th - ƙasar tsakanin Petelino da wani tsawo na 251. A cikin 4th kamfanin da makiya jefa game da 60 tankuna, kuma mu kasance kawai 1 da 2 anti-tanki gun mutanena su ka PTR !

A fadan da aka 4:00. A wannan lokaci, Panfilov harbe saukar 18 maƙiyi tankuna da halaka da dama da ɗari sojoji. The official version ne: inda ya kashe 28 da sojoji kamfanin, amma maƙiyi aka tsaya. Ya aka kuma kashe da kuma siyasa malami, da talatin Vasiliy Klochkov, wanda nasa ne da ya shahara magana game da gaskiyar cewa Rasha ne mai girma, amma babu inda koma baya, kamar yadda Moscow biye da mu.

mutuwa Panfilova

Ga mai girma feat na 316 dakaru Division Panfilova Nuwamba 17 ya na Takwas Guards bindiga. Bugu da kari, ta aka bayar da Order of Red Banner. Panfilov sosai yarda da cewa, kamar yadda dogon mafarkin cewa ya rabo shi ne Guards. A Nuwamba 18, sai ya sadu da 'yarsa Valentina, nas a kansa division. A lokacin taron, Ivan kirã su zuwa ga hedkwatar, located a kauyen Gusenevo don tattaunawa da Moscow wakilinmu. A hira da aka a cikin dugout da aka katse wani sako a kan sabon tank hari fascists. Panfilov gaggauta waje wa maza tsalle daga cikin dugout. A wannan lokacin wani harsashi fashe kusa. A idanun mamaki mutane Janar fara shirya. By diabolical daidaituwa, wani kankanin tsage buga shi dama a Haikali. Mai girma gwarzo aka binne shi a birnin Moscow, cikin Novodevichy hurumi, da rabo da aka mai suna bayan Panfilov.

Trophies da kuma asarar

A lokacin da mafi wuya ayyukan soji na yakin duniya na biyu, wanda ya kasance a kan Nuwamba 16-19, aka rasa ba kawai a fi so kwamandan 316 dakaru Division, kare Moscow. Motherland a cikin wadannan fadace-fadace rasa dubbai na heroes. Saboda haka, a farkon samuwar cikin 316th rabo kunshi 11,347 maza, kuma ta 16 Nuwamba su bar game da 7000. A musamman, a 1075 rajimanti ya a 1534, a 1073-m - 1666, kuma a 1077-m - 2078 sojoji da kuma shugabannin. Bayan nan a yaƙi, a 1075 rajimanti 120 mutane bar, ciki har da wadanda suka ji rauni, a 1073-mita - 200, da kuma a cikin most rajimanti 1077th - game da 700 mayakan. Asarar da, ba shakka, mai tsanani. Shahararren 4-th kamfanin tsira kawai mutane 20 daga 140. Kamar na gidan wuta kasko Dubosekovo - Kryukovo Panfilov "dafa" a watanni biyu. A wannan lokaci su halakar da 9000 Nazi sojoji da game da 100 tankuna, fasa 4 ƙungiyoyin Jamus - 1 tank, 1 motorized dakaru da kuma 2.

Afterword don su cuci

Data nuna cewa a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba kashe dubban mu daraja mayakan wanda ya kare Moscow. Me ake dukan duniya da aka sani kawai zuwa feat na 28 da sojoji na 316th dakaru Division? Haka ya faru tare da jerawa na ma'aikata na jaridar "Red Star" Otenberga, Krivitsky, Koroteeva. Krivitsky yarda cewa ya ƙirƙira ya muqala karkashin matsin da yanayi. Wanda ya tsira daga cikin yaƙi, kwamandan 1075 th I. V. Kaprov hukuma ya bayyana cewa, 'yan jarida sun ba ya sadu da shi da kaina, kuma babu bayanai da aka samu da kuma cewa a wannan sanannen yaƙi kashe a 28, da kuma fiye da 100 Panfilov. Dukan su suka yi yãƙi kamar aljannu, kare kowane inch na ƙasar haihuwarmu, amma feat na mutane 28 da aka ba. All sunayen (wasu tunani) na mayakan, wanda ya zama sananne Panfilov, Krivitsky shibtarsu kyaftin da cewa wannan 4th kamfanin Gundilovich, kuma wannan ya faru 2 watanni bayan yakin, da kuma jumlar Klochkova Krivitsky rubuta da kansa.

M da m kwari

Lalle ne shĩ, 316 dakaru Division suka yi jihãdi ba kawai jaruntakar, da kuma a kan gãɓar rãmi na mutum damar, ba kawai bikin mutane 28, kuma kowane daya. Amma godiya ga bad, ĩmãnin waɗanda suka yi da kaina ta rayuwa ne ba a cikin hatsari, mai feat duk da sojoji suka gangaro zuwa heroism na wani karamin rukuni na mutane. Saboda haka, Krivitsky yi ƙarya game da yaki da ya ya iya ji a asibiti daga daya daga cikin 28 Panfilov Natarova, wanda ya mutu jim kadan bayan haka. Amma ba zai iya ba da cewa, saboda a lokacin daga cikin shahararrun yaƙi suka kasance matattu kwanaki 2. Daga cikin matattu da kuma bayar da posthumously Panfilov yana Daniel Kuzhebergenov (Kozhabergenov), wanda a lokacin yaƙin ya fursuna na Jamus. Ya baya, ya gudu zuwa cikin daji, ta yawo a can har sai da aka samu da mahayan dawakai daga cikin Soviet Janar Dovatora. Daraja da kuma lambobin yabo da lokaci ya riga ya rubuta, don haka takardun sunansa da kuma sunan mahaifi aka sauri maye gurbin Askar Kuzhebergenova, wanda aka bayar da shi. Amma da sojan ma halarci a cikin shahararrun yaƙi, kamar yadda ya zo a cikin 316 th rabo kawai a Janairu 1942.

Wadannan kurakurai ne farin ciki. Saboda haka, ya aka posthumously bayar da Panfilov Paul Gundilovich (kwamandan), Illarion Vasilyev da Dmitry Timofeev, Grigory Shemyakin, Ivan Shadrin. Dukan su tsira bayan da yaki da kuma samu ijãrarsu, kasancewa cikin koshin lafiya. Gundilovich, da rashin alheri, ya mutu a watan Afrilu 1942, da wasu gudanar ya tsira da yaki.

Hero ko m?

A mafi bayyananna rufe daukakar 316th dakaru Division, ne episode da Ivan Evstafievich Dobrobabin, tsohon shugaban sashen. Gundilovich a lokacin da ake kira da sunan, ba ta san abin da Dobrobabin aka kama ya tafi wurin bauta kamar yadda wani dan sanda, har ma ya zama shugaban 'yan sanda, don haka da wazo da za'ayi da aikinsu, ko da yake an dauke shi gwarzo na Tarayyar Soviet, kamar sauran posthumously. Lokacin da aka kama shi, da umarni a kan awarding masa lakabi da aka soke, da kuma m yanke hukuncin daurin shekaru 15 a kurkuku. Daga baya Dobrobabin orafin domin kau daga gare shi, da stigma, amma ko da yaushe ya ki. Gyara shi kawai, a 1993, bayan da shela da 'yancin kai na Ukraine.

sauran Panfilov

Ba kawai 4th Company na 316th dakaru Division bambanta kansa a kan 16 Nuwamba. Alal misali, 120 da sojoji na 1st kamfanin kare kauyen Matrenin. Ya umarce su Lieutenant Filimonov. Suka hallaka da dama tankuna da 300 fascists. Na 6th kamfanin cewa ya tsaya kusa da Petelino, kawai mutane 15 tsira daga wannan harin. Wannan dintsi na 'yan sa'o'i don kiyaye tsaro, gurgunta da 5 tankuna, amma 15 sun kashe sojojin. A karkashin umurnin da wani matashi leftana Kraeva 2nd Company gudanar skyscraper 231,5 da kullum da wani anti-tanki bawo da bindigogi, amma ko ta yaya gudanar ya rushe da 3 tankuna, ya hallaka 200 Nazis dauki ganima daga 3 bindigogi da kuma 1 motoci. A kauyen Sound 20 na mu sojoji, umarta ta lieutenants Islamkulov da Ogureev, karya a bataliya na Nazi inji Gunners.

Feats aka sanya a kan sauran kwanaki. Nuwamba 17th 17 da sojoji 1073rd rajimanti suka yi jihãdi ga mutuwa a kauyen Mykanino. Kashe 15 mayakan, amma 8 daga 25 zuwa gare su da tankuna da aka lalata. 18 Nuwamba 1077 11 mayakan rajimanti, umarta ta Lieutenant Firstov, kusa da kauyen na kirtani 'yan sa'o'i (har zuwa na karshe rai mutum) ya yi yaƙi kashe harin da wani bataliya na tankuna da Nazis. Abin takaici, yakan cewa exploits daga wadannan heroes ne don haka kadan da aka sani.