Panfilov division: tarihi, abun da ke ciki, yaƙi your hanya

A cikin tarihi na Armed Forces of kasar mu ya mamaye wani shahararren wuri Red Banner Panfilov division, ɓangare na abin da aka kammala da wakilan kusan talatin kasashe inhabiting da Tarayyar Soviet. Ƙi a cikin mutane ta tunanin rawar da suka taka a cikin tsaro na Moscow daga yadda nake alfaharin fa ta farkisanci hordes. Amma mutanen da mazan ƙarni na memory da kuma farfaganda talla da aka tãyar a kewayen "feat 28 Panfilov", shi daga baya ya juya daga kawai na banza almarar jarida.

Kwamandan na almara division

Don Master soja kimiyya Ivan Vasilevich Panfilov fara mayar a cikin shekaru na imperialist yaki - a 1915 a cikin ta Kudu-Western Front. Halartar a tashin matsayin wani ɓangare na 638 th Olpinskogo rajimanti, ya aka ciyar da su da daraja na saja, wanda yayi dace da m saja da wani zamani sojojin. A lokacin da a Fabrairu 1917 da daular mulkinsu da aka kifar da kuma kasar ta fara aiwatar zuwa ga tsarin dimokuradiyya, Panfilov zama memba na kwamitin da ya rajimanti.

A farkon zamanin yakin basasa, ya zama Red Army. Ya kamata a lura cewa Ivan aka jiran gaya arziki - dakaru rajimanti, a cikin abin da ya sa suna, wani ɓangare na Chapayev Division, kuma haka Panfilov, umartarsa da farko mutanena su ka sa'an nan kamfanin, yana da zarafin samun fama da kwarewa a karkashin umurnin daya daga cikin mafi shahara da kuma almara soja shugabannin a cikin tarihi na Red Army. Wannan kwarewa ya amfani da shi a nan gaba fadace-fadace.

A cikin zãfi da yakin basasa

A lokacin daga 1918 zuwa 1920 ya samu damar shiga a cikin fadace-fadace tare da mahadi daga cikin Czechoslovak Corps, fadar White Dogayen sanda, kazalika da sojojin Kolchak, Denikin da Ataman Dutov. Panfilov kare yakin basasa a Ukraine, abu division, wanda manufa shi ne don ya yi yaƙi da yawa gangs, kafa yafi na gida nationalists. Bugu da kari, a cikin wadannan shekaru, Ivan Vasilyevich aka umurce su su yi umurni da mutanena su ka na bataliya gadi.

A 1921, umurnin aika Ivan ya yi nazarin a Kyiv School daga cikin mafi girma da umurnin da Red Army, ya kammala karatunsa tare da karrama a shekaru biyu. A wannan lokaci a Turai na Tarayyar Soviet gwamnatin shi da aka riga aka shigar, amma har yanzu ci gaba gwabza kazamin fada a yankin tsakiyar Asiya jamhuriyoyin, da kuma matasa digiri na biyu da aka aika zuwa Turkestan gaban da in yaqi fashi makada.

Sai ya zama a tsakiyar nahiyar Asiya da aka kara raya ta nan gaba aiki na almara rabo kwamandan. Domin shekaru goma (1927-1937), ya shugabanci regimental makaranta 4th Turkestan dakaru rajimanti, umarci bindiga bataliya, Mountain rajimanti, kuma ya zama shugaban ma'aikata na Central Asia Soja District a 1937. A gaba muhimmanci mataki shi ne ya sanya shi a 1939 zuwa post na soja kwamishinan Kyrgyzstan. A karshe pre-yaki shekara, Ivan Vasilyevich domin isa yabo a karfafa tsaron iyawa na kasar aka bayar da lakabi na babbar general.

Ulla division da kuma aika shi zuwa gaban

A watan Yuli 1941, a kan umarni na soja Kyrgyzstan Kwamishinan Manjo Janar I. V. Panfilova farkon sanye take da da 316th dakaru Division. Ta nan da nan ya zama daya daga cikin biyu, wanda a cikin tarihi na Red Army da aka bai wa sunan na shugabannin. Na farko shi ne Chapaevskaya, da kuma na biyu shi ne wannan - Panfilov division. Ta aka ƙaddara tafiya a tarihi a matsayin wani misali na taro heroism da sojoji da kuma shugabannin.

Kafa a Yuli 1941, Panfilov division, da kabilu na wanda ya hada da kusan dukan wakilai daga tsakiyar Asiya jamhuriyoyin, wata daya daga bisani arangama da Nazis a Novgorod yankin, da kuma a watan Oktoba aka ƙaura karkashin Volokolamsk. Akwai wani sakamakon yaki mai tsanani, ta ya iya ba kawai kare su mukamai, amma kuma jaruntakar counterattacks hallakar da hudu Jamus kashi kashi, tsakanin wanda aka biyu dakaru, sulke, da motorized. Panfilov a cikin wannan lokaci kashe game 9 dubu. Sojoji da kuma jami'an, da kuma buga fitar 80 tankuna.

Ko da yake halin da ake ciki a gaban tilasta division karkashin jagorancin I. V. Panfilovym, defensible bar ta matsayi daidai da janar shirin na dabara umurnin koma baya, shi ne daya daga cikin na farko a gaban aka bayar da girmamawa dama da za a kira da Guards.

Don wannan rana zauna a matukar ban sha'awa da daftarin aiki, a lokacin da karanta wanda ya lullube involuntary girman kai a cikin mutane wanda ya taba katange da hanyar da Nazis. Wannan rahoto kwamandan 4th Panzer Brigade. A da shi, sai ya kirãye Panfilov ta "Wild Division" da kuma rahoton cewa wadannan mutane da cikakken yiwuwa a yãƙi: su ne kawai yan ta'adda da kuma ba su ji tsoron mutuwa. Hakika, da Jamus janar ba daidai ba ne: sun ji tsoron mutuwa ba, amma kwaikwayon na wajibi sa sama rayuwa.

The official version of events

A watan Nuwamba na wannan shekara, wani taron cewa a cikin gabatar da su Soviet farfaganda kayan aikin yi rabo da kwamandan, da aka sani a ko'ina cikin kasar. Muna magana ne game da sanannen yaƙi a cikin abin da mayakan gudanar ya hallaka a cikin wani gajeren lokaci a kusa da maha? Ar Dubosekovo 18 maƙiyi tankuna, duk da cewa akwai kawai 28 da kansu.

Panfilov rabo a cikin waɗannan kwanaki ya jagoranci m fadace-fadace tare da abokan gaba, a kokarin kewaye, kuma ya halaka hedkwata. Bisa ga version yadu replicated ta Soviet farfaganda, Nuwamba 16, rundunõninsa, daga 4th kamfanin, umarta ta siyasa malami V. G. Klochkov, dauke da fitar tsaro Dubosekovo Junction, located kilomita 8 daga Volokolamsk da hamsin nuna hari maƙiyi tankuna, sanya wani mataki mai feat. Kuma sun samu nasara a cikin yaki, wanda dade hudu don ya hallaka 18 maƙiyi fama motocin, da kuma sauran karfi to jũya.

Dukan su, bisa ga wannan version, ya mutu a jaruntakar mutuwa. The sosai guda siyasa malami Klotchkov mutuwa, wai ya ce da magana cewa ya zama wani farfaganda cliché: "Great Rasha, kuma babu inda koma baya: da baya - Moscow" yi ya bi, Panfilov Division tsayar da makiya gaba da kara a kan Volokolamsk shugabanci. A waɗannan kwanaki, ya zo karkashin wani barrage na turmi wuta na abokan gaba, kuma ya kashe rabo kwamandan - Lieutenant-Janar IV Panfilov.

to kore labari

Abin takaici, wannan labarin ne a da cikakken jarrabawa ya sa masu bincike wasu shakka. Bayan yaki - a 1948 - an gudanar da m ta binciken lamarin. A sakamakon, shugaban soja m na Armed Forces da Tarayyar Soviet - Lieutenant-Janar Justice Athanasius aka tilasta yarda da cewa feat dangana 28 Panfilov Heroes, shi ne mai almarar.

Tashi daga matattu m

A impetus ga farkon da bincike aiki, a matsayin wani wajen m yanayi. Gaskiyar cewa shekara kafin a Kharkov gudanar ya kama tsohon cin amanar da kuma Nazi hadin gwiwar IE Dobrobabina. A lokacin search, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ya same rare a lokacin, kuma Ya sanya wani taro-dabam dabam littafin game da heroism na 28 Panfilov.

Flipping ta hanyar da pages, da binciken zo fadin bayanai cewa ta jefa shi a cikin mamaki: shi juya daga abin da ya ara bayyana a cikin shi kamar yadda daya daga cikin manyan mahalarta a cikin abubuwan da suka faru. Haka kuma, littafin yana cewa ya mutu gwarzo da aka posthumously bayar da muƙamin Hero na Tarayyar Soviet. Abin fahimta ne cewa bayan wannan "bude" ya zama dole don duba sauran facts bayyana da mawallafa na rare ɗaba'ar.

Isis gurbata

Aka nan da nan nema takardun samar da wani haƙiƙa hoto na yãƙi, a cikin abin da sa'an nan halarci Panfilov division. The mutu a karshen Nuwamba 1941, da rahotanni na duk collisions tare da abokan gaba, rahotanni na naúrar kwamandojin, kuma ko da intercepted Jamus radio saƙonni nan da nan ya kwanta a tebur binciken soja m ofishin Kharkiv yankin.

A sakamakon haka, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da gudanar da bincike ya tabbatar da cewa rinjawarwa da hujjojin da ya gabatar a cikin littafin ne almarar da akwai wani m gurbata da abubuwan da suka faru ya faru. A May 1948, wadannan karshe, Lieutenant-Janar Afanasyev ruwaito da kaina ga m Janar na Tarayyar Soviet Far Sofonovu, kuma ya a, bi da bi, wani daftarin aiki aika zuwa gare su A. A. Zhdanovu.

The labari, haifaffen da alƙalami da dan jarida

A Mafarin tarihi gurbata da aka kafa ta gudanar da bincike, shi ne editan jaridar "Red Star" Ortenberg. Ya bayar da umarnin a gaba batun buga wata kasida da aka rubuta da wani rahoto ga jaridar Krivitsky, wanda ya fayyace wani bangare untested, da kuma jera a fili almara abu. A sakamakon wannan da aka haife da labari na kananan dintsi na heroes suka gudanar don dakatar da makiya tank armada.

A lokacin Krivitsky tambaya, wanda ya dauki a lokacin da daya daga cikin manyan mukamai a cikin jaridar "Red Flag", yarda cewa sanannen kunar bakin magana politruk Klochkova "Great Rasha, kuma babu inda koma baya ..." da aka buga da kansa, da wannan al'amari, da abin da kuma an rubuta a cikin littafin. Amma ko da ba tare da ya furci ya karya akwai, daga wanda ya iya ji wadannan kalmomi, saboda, kamar yadda ya version, duk mahalarta a cikin yaƙin da aka kashe da kuma shaidu bar?

marubucin kansa saboda gurbata da almara labarai da suka gudanar ya halicci sunan ga kansa a wallafe-wallafen da'ira, rubuta da kuma buga littattafai da dama, zama wani marubuci, ko a kalla a co-author of dama waqe da waqe game da irinta heroism na 28 Panfilov. Kuma sama da dukan, wannan tarihin ya ba da muhimmanci samar da kuzari ga kara da aiki.

tarihi jabu

Abin da ya faru da gaske? Wannan tambaya yana amsa ta kara gudanar da bincike Patriotic War masana tarihi. Sun nuna cewa, a cikin tsawon Panfilov division sosai a yankin yãki da dama Jamus lokuta. Haka kuma, a yankin na maha? Ar Dubosekovo suka dauki wani musamman baubawa yanayi.

Duk da haka, ba namu ba, kuma ba ko da a cikin makiya soja rahoton bai ambaci yakin da aka bayyana a cikin sa mamaki jaridar labarin, inda cibiyar da hankali sa'an nan ya da Panfilov division. The mutu a cikin waɗancan kwanaki ba ya dace da bayanai, jefa Krivitsky. Aka kashe da yawa: sun yaki mai tsanani, amma sun kasance sosai mutane daban-daban.

Tsohon kwamandan sojan rajimanti jibge a yankin a lokacin da abubuwan da suka faru da aka bayyana, ya nuna cewa sintiri Dubosekovo kare kamfanin, wanda aka hallaka a lokacin fadan, amma, bisa ga shi, akwai mutane 100, ba 28. Panfilov rabo a cikin waɗannan kwanaki Yana fama da nauyi asarar da, da kuma wannan kamfanin ya kumbura su lambar. Duk da haka, an kawai buga daga 9 na tankuna, na da 3 da aka kone a kan tabo, yayin da wasu suka jũya bãya, kuma ya bar filin yaƙi. Bugu da kari, ya jaddada Wauta na zato cewa 28 dauke da makamai mayakan zai iya sauƙi a kan lebur ƙasa to nasarar tsayayya 50 maƙiyi tankuna.

Tarihin, tsince Soviet farfaganda

Wannan labari a cikin postwar shekaru an yadu popularized ta Soviet farfaganda. Materials a 1948 da m ta gudanar da bincike da aka kiyaye asirin, da kuma Kanmu a 1966 yunkurin wani ma'aikaci na mujallar "New World" E. V. Kardina bayyanãwa a cikin labarin da gazawar da hukuma version, shi ya samu wani kaifi tsautawa daga L. I. Brezhneva. Sakatare Janar na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis kira da aka buga littattafai ƙarya da zunubi da Party da kuma jaruntakar tarihin kasarmu.

Kawai a cikin shekaru na perestroika, a lokacin da karshe declassified kayan da bincike, a 1948, ya yiwu, ba tare da detracting daga daukaka cewa rightfully cancanci Panfilov Division, to kai wa jama'a gaskiyar na murdiya na baya yaki events.

Duk da haka, duk da irin wannan kaico da ya faru, da cin zarafin da suke ɓarna, himma Soviet propagandists, ya kamata mu gane da babban taimako Panfilov a cikin nasara a kan Nazis. A watan Nuwamba na wannan shekara da suka zama a hukumance da aka sani da Division of Panfilov. Kawai a Volokolamskoye shugabanci a lokacin daga Nuwamba 16 zuwa 21 ne a hade tare da sauran sassa na Soviet sojojin mahadi da kuma dakatar da gaba na biyu hulls da daya Jamus Panzer.

A m rabo daga cikin division

Bugu da ari yãƙi hanyar Panfilov rabo ya wuya, cike da asara, amma, kamar yadda kafin, an rufe shi da ɗaukaka. A farkon watanni na shekara 1942, ta, tare da sauran Soviet raka'a dauki bangare a cikin fadace-fadace a kan SS Division "Totenkopf". A yãƙi ya faru tare da m haushi a garesu da kuma sun sa asarar a yawa Panfilovtsy layuka da kuma abokan hamayyarsu ne.

Tare da girmamawa provoevav har 1945, da cewa shi ne, kusan zuwa karshen yakin duniya na biyu, Panfilov Division a lokacin m a cikin Latvian birnin Saldus aka kewaye. A sakamakon haka, kusan duk da ma'aikata da aka kashe, da kuma karya, ta hanyar da makiya zobe iya kawai mutane 300. A nan gaba, tsira mahalarta na Panfilov division da aka sanya wa sauran sassan da a abun da ke ciki ya kawo karshen yaki.

A postwar shekaru

Bayan da yaki, da rabo, wanda saboda ta high fama halaye da kuma jera domin na tashe a kusa da ita farfaganda talla san dukan ƙasar, da aka gaba daya mayar. Place ƙasa na Estonia da aka zabe shi a matsayin tayin. Duk da haka, a 1967 jagorancin na Kyrgyzstan SSR Labarai gwamnati tare da wani request ga ma'aikatan Panfilov rabo tare da dukan makamai da kuma kayan aiki da aka canjawa wuri zuwa gare su a cikin jamhuriyar. Wannan roko ne saboda dalilai na tsaron kasa da kuma, sabili da haka, ya gana a Moscow goyon baya.

Faruwa a cikin Turkestan soja gundumar, Panfilov rabo, hada da nan sun fi mayar da supplemented conscripts daga tsakiyar Asiya jamhuriyoyin, aka partially located in Kirghiz SSR, da kuma jera - in Kazakh. Domin jihar, ya hada da wani iri-iri na kasar, shi ya quite al'ada. Amma a cikin shekaru da suka biyo Tarayyar Soviet ta auka, tarihi Panfilov rabo ya halartar wasu ban mamaki lokacin.

Isar da shi a ce, kasancewa memba na Arewa Group na Armed Forces of Kyrgyzstan sojojin, shi ne a shekarar 2003, quite bisa ga abke, domin duk soke da kuma gaba daya watse. Yana da wuya a ce wanda yake a cikin ikon wani siyasa ko wasu bukatu dauki irin wannan hukunci. Duk da haka, da bikin division daina wanzuwa.

Kawai shekaru takwas daga baya, a lokacin da bikin ranar tunawa da saba'in da ta kafa, shi aka sake kafa da kuma samu ta tsohon sunan. Yau, da wuri na ta sāke wuri ne birni na Tokmok, dake kusa Bishkek. Panfilov division, da kabilu na wanda a yau shi ne da gaske a conglomerate na kasashe da suke zaune a Kyrgyzstan, daukawa da sabis a karkashin umurnin da 'yan qasar wurare - Kanar Nurlan Isabekovicha Kiresheeva.