Oleg Maris a Konstantinoful: description, tarihi da kuma sakamakon

907 shekaru a tarihin Rasha alama da almara Maris a Konstatinoful (ko kamar yadda shi ne ake kira - Konstantinoful), wanda ya jagoranci Prince of Novgorod, Oleg. Wannan taron da ake dangantawa da rudani da kuma shakka a kan wani ɓangare na masana tarihi, da yawa daga cikinsu ba su yi ĩmãni da amincin mai yawan dalilai. A wannan labarin, za mu bayyana a cikin daki-daki, game da yaƙin neman zaɓe na Oleg a Konstatinoful (summary), da kuma kokarin fahimtar ko da wannan taron ya faru kamar yadda fa, tã da tsoho tarihin.

Wane ne Prince Oleg?

Oleg ya Yariman Novgorod da kuma Grand Prince of Kiev, suka fara da 882 da kuma 912, wanda shi ne shekara da mutuwarsa. Bayan da ya samu iko a kan ƙasar Novgorod (wanda ya faru bayan mutuwar Rurik) a matsayin na yara regent Igor, ya aka kama da zamanin d Kiev. Ya zuwa wannan birni a lokacin ya zama babban birnin da kuma wata alama ce da ƙungiyar na biyu manyan cibiyoyin da Slavs. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa Prince Oleg sau da yawa masana tarihi gabãta a matsayin wanda ya kafa Old Rasha jihar. A m yaƙin neman zaɓe na Oleg a Konstantinoful shi ne dalilin da shi aka kira "Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi".

Me ya sa aka mai suna Oleg Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi?

Ya gaya mana, "A Tale of bygone Years", wani gangamin Oleg Konstantinoful da aka gudanar a 907. A tarihin tambaya ne kamar yadda precipitated da kuma ci birnin, da kuma yaba da ƙarfin hali da kuma wit of Prince, wanda outwitted da Rumawa. A cewar majiyar, ya ƙi yarda da guba abinci a su, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa aka kira "Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi". Mutane a Rasha ne daidai da abin da ya zo a kira Oleg, wanda ya lashe kan Helenawa. Bi da bi, da sunan da ya zo daga Scandinavia, da kuma lokacin da fassara nufin "Mai Tsarki."

Kari Veschego Olega a Konstantinoful

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da abun ciki na yaƙi da kuma Rasha-Byzantine yaki da aka bayyana a cikin PVL (Chronicle). Wadannan abubuwan da suka faru wuni a cikin yarjejeniya da aka sanya hannu a 907. A mutane, shi ya zama mashahuri godiya ga kalmomi: "Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Oleg ƙusance masa garkuwa a kan ƙofofi na Konstantinoful." Amma, duk da haka, wannan yaƙin neman zaɓe ba a ambace shi a cikin Greek kafofin, kazalika, a general, game da shi ba ya ce ko'ina fãce a Rasha Legends kuma tarihin.

Bugu da kari, riga a 911 rusichi sanya hannu a sabon daftarin aiki. Bugu da ƙari, da amincin cikar wannan yarjejeniya, babu wani daga cikin masana tarihi babu shakka.

Rum da kuma Rus

Ya kamata a lura cewa bayan yakin neman zabe Russes a Konstantinoful a shekara 860 a Byzantine kafofin kome aka kayyade game da rikice-rikice da su. Duk da haka, akwai wasu tsaye ba da shaida ga akasin haka. Alal misali, a farkon karni na X riga ya umurci da Sarkin sarakuna Leo IV ya ƙunshi bayanin da maƙiya "arewacin Scythians" amfani da kananan jiragen ruwa, sailing a wata azumi gudun.

Oleg kari a kan "Tale of bygone Years"

Kamar yadda labari ya ce Oleg kari, Konstantinoful da aka dauka ba kawai da hannu na Slavs, amma kuma Finno-Ugric kabilu, wanda aka jera a cikin zamanin da Rasha Monuments na rubuta farkon na 12th karni - "The Tale of bygone Years". Idan ka yi imani da tarihin, wasu sojoji koma kan doki tare da bakin tekun, da kuma sauran - teku tare da taimakon dubu biyu jiragen ruwa. Kuma a cikin kowane jirgin ruwa da aka sanya fiye da talatin da mutane. Masana tarihi har yanzu bambanta ko su yi imani da "Tale of bygone Years", kuma ko da bayanai a kan yakin da aka ambata a cikin tarihi, na gaske.

Legends cikin wancan yakin neman

The Legend of Prince Oleg ta yaƙi da Konstantinoful ƙunshi manyan yawan Legends. Alal misali, labarin ya nuna cewa abin hawa ne motsi a ƙafafun, a kan abin da suka kasance sa Oleg. A Rumawa suka ji tsoro su hanya zuwa Konstantinoful da kuma tambayi Rassi duniya. Duk da haka, da suka kwashe guba abinci, daga abin da Prince ƙiya. Sa'an nan da Helenawa da zabi, da yadda za a ba su amsa da cewa miƙa wa Oleg. A cewar labari, suka ya biya 12 pennies duk da sojoji, kazalika da wani raba adadin sarakuna a Kiev, Pereyaslavl, Chernigov, Rostov da kuma sauran birane sai dai Novgorod. Amma wannan nasara da aka ba karshen Prince. Bugu da kari ga daya-lokaci biya, Helenawa da Rum ya biya Ruses m haraji, kazalika da wa yarda a kan ƙarshe na kwangila (shi ne mai tambaya na yarjejeniya hannu a 907), wanda ya kamata ya tsara da yanayin zaman, kazalika da yin kasuwanci Rasha Kasuwanci a Greek birane. A jam'iyyun kawo juna alkawuransu. Kuma Oleg, bi da bi, da aka yi cikin shahararrun yi cewa sanya shi almara, bisa labari, a cikin idanu na talakawa mutane. Suka rataye da garkuwa a kan ƙofofi na Konstantinoful, babban birnin kasar na Rum a matsayin babban rabo alama. Helenawa da aka yi umarni - don dinka filafili ga Slavic sojojin. Tarihi ce shi ne bayan da yakin da aka kammala a Oleg da Konstantinoful a 907, sarkin mutane zama da aka sani da suna "annabci."

Duk da haka, idan labaru na zamanin d Rus tarihin game da kai hari a kan Konstantinoful a 860, tushen kawai a kan Byzantine tarihin, da labarin wannan hari dogara ne a kan bayanai samu daga Legends cewa ba a rubuta. Kuma 'yan batutuwa zo daidai da irin ƙungiyõyinsu a cikin Scandinavian sagas.

kwangila 907

Abin da suke da sharuddan da kwangila, da kuma ko shi da aka yi? Idan ka yi imani da "Tale of bygone Years", bayan da ya lashe ayyuka na Prince Oleg a Konstantinoful da aka sanya hannu tare da Helenawa quite m for Rasha daftarin aiki. Manufar ta babban arziki dauke su farfado da zaman lafiya da kuma kyau makwabtakar tsakanin jama'ar da kuma jihohi. Byzantine dalĩli niyya ya biya Ruses wani adadin na shekara-shekara haraji (da kuma ta size ne kyawawan m), kazalika da biya a daya-lokaci biyan indemnity - biyu a kudi da kuma a cikin abubuwan da, da zinariya, m yadudduka, da dai sauransu A kwangila ta tanadi da muka ambata a sama .. girma dabam fansa ga kowane soja, da kuma girman da wata-wata allowance, wanda Helenawa ya ba da Rasha yan kasuwa.

Bayani game da yaƙin neman zaɓe na Oleg daga sauran kafofin

Bisa ga bayanai daga Novgorod farko Chronicle jerin abubuwan da suka faru sun faru in ba haka ba. A wannan yakin da Konstantinoful da aka aikata a karkashin jagorancin Prince Igor da kuma "Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi 'a cikin wannan harka - kawai Gwamnan. Chronicle ya bayyana almara Oleg kamfen da Konstantinoful. Shekara a lokacin da wannan aka kayyade a matsayin 920, da kuma Dating na gaba hari taron da dangantaka da 922 shekara. Duk da haka, da bayanin irin yaƙin neman zaɓe a 920 a cikin cikakken bayani kamar bayanin Igor ta yakin neman zabe na 941 shekara, wanda aka nuna a cikin da dama takardun.

The bayanai dauke a cikin Byzantine tarihin da aka rubuta ta hanyar karya-Saminu a cikin marigayi 10th karni, ya ƙunshi bayani game da tiers. A daya daga cikin jẽfo wani ɓaɓɓake daga masana tarihi ganin bayani mai isharar Hasashen game da nan gaba Sihiyona Oleg ta mutuwa, da kuma a cikin mutum na Rosa - yarima. Daga cikin kimiyya da kuma shahararrun mujallun ne na ra'ayin da aka bayyana ta V. Nikolayev a kan yin yawo Rosov Helenawa aikata game da 904 shekaru. Idan kun yi imani ta yi (wanda ya ba magana a cikin tarihin na karya-Saminu), da raɓa, ya ci a Trikefala daga Byzantine shugaban Ioanna Radina. Kuma kawai 'yan gudanar ya tsere daga Greek makamai daga basira Prince.

A. Kuzmin a cikin binciken na rubutu da labarinsa "The Tale of bygone Years" game da ayyuka na Oleg an nuna cewa marubucin ayoyin Bulgarian ko Greek kafofin game da hare-hare a karkashin jagorancin sarkin aka yi amfani. Greek tarihin da aka nakalto kalmar: "Wannan ba Oleg amma Saint Demetrios, wanda Allah ya aiko mana." Wadannan kalmomi sun nuna, bisa ga bincike, a lokacin da abubuwan da suka faru a shekara ta 904 - da Rumawa ba taimaki Tassalunikawa. A majiɓinci, na birni da aka dauke sata Dimitriy Solunsky. A sakamakon haka, babban adadin mazauna Thessaloniki yanke, da kuma kawai da wasu daga cikinsu sun kasance iya rashin sumansa daga Arab fashi. A wannan mahallin, maganar m Greek Dimitiriyas iya zama nuni da wuri mai tsarki Konstantinoful, wanda ya gitta da alhakin makomar wannan alƙarya.

Kamar yadda masana tarihi fassara bayanai labarinsa?

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da bayanai game da kai hari da aka samu kawai a Rasha tarihin, da kuma a Byzantine rubuce-rubucen a kan wannan batu ba saka.

Duk da haka, idan muka dubi rubutu na da wani ɓaɓɓake daga takardun da koma zuwa "Tale of bygone Years", zamu iya cewa duk da wannan bayanai game da yaƙin neman zaɓe 907 shekaru ba gaba ɗaya almara. A rashin data a cikin Greek kafofin, wasu masu bincike bayyana ba daidai ba kwanan to wanda yaki a cikin "Tale of bygone Years". Akwai da dama daga yunkurin yi da dangantaka da yakin neman Russes (dromitov) 904 years old, yayin da Helenawa suka yi yaƙi da sojojin fashi, karkashin jagorancin Lev Tripoliysky. A ka'idar cewa shi ne mafi kamar gaskiya, marubucin Boris Rybakov da Lva Gumileva. Bisa ga jarrabawa, da bayanai game da kai hari a cikin 907 shekara wajibi ne a koma ga abubuwan da suka faru a shekara ta 860. Wannan yaki da aka maye gurbinsu da bayanai game da m yaƙin neman zaɓe jagorancin Askold da Dir, wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa da tãtsũniyõyin m saki na Kirista jama'ar na arna kabilu.

Dating yaƙin neman zaɓe

Hakazalika, shi ba a san yadda zuwa lokacin da aka yi a yakin da Prince Oleg a Konstantinoful. Shekara, wanda ya hada da taron (907), shi ne matukar kuma ya bayyana bayan da chroniclers ya yi nasu lissafin. Daga farkon da labari na Duke jirgin da babu ainihin ranar, a cikin ra'ayi na wanda latest bayanai da aka raba matakai, wanda koma zuwa na farko da kuma karshe tsawon mulkinsa.

Bugu da kari, da "Tale of bygone Years" da bayanai da kuma zumunta Dating na kai hari. Yana dauke da bayanai da annabta da sages (mutuwar yarima) a gaskiya shekaru biyar bayan da ciwon da aka yi da tafiya zuwa Konstantinoful. Idan Oleg mutu a cikin 912 (shekaru a cewar bayanai na hadayu a cikin ayyukan Tatishchev, wanda ya faru a lokacin bayyanar Halley - almara tauraro mai wutsiya), marubucin ya lasafta duk abin da dama.

Ma'ana kẽta Oleg zuwa Tsargrad

Kuma lalle idan akwai wani yaƙin neman zaɓe, da shi za a iya daukarsa a matsayin wani gagarumin taron. The daftarin aiki, wanda aka sanya hannu a sakamakon yaƙin neman zaɓe, da za a daukarsa a matsayin fassara da dangantakar da Helenawa da Rus lokaci domin na gaba shekaru goma. M abubuwan tarihin da, ko ta wani hanya, an hade da hare-hare, wanda aka sanya ta Prince Oleg, ko da kuwa daidai kwanakin.