Age na Discovery

Major Gwargwadon binciken a tarihin 'yan adam da aka sanya a cikin XV - XVII ƙarni. A lokacin halarta da dama da muhimmanci tafiya sanya da Turawa, wanda ya kai ga bude sabon cinikayya hanyoyi, ƙasar, kazalika da kãmun yankuna.

Babban Gwargwadon binciken, kamar yadda shi ne ake kira da wadannan abubuwan da suka faru, masana tarihi sun aka sanya yiwu yawanci ta hanyar ci gaba a kimiyya da kuma fasaha. Shi ne a cikin wannan tarihi lokaci yana zuwa haifar da m sailing tasoshi, da kyautata na kewayawa da jihar bakin teku maps, da kuma kamfas, goyi bayan ra'ayin sphericity na Duniya da kuma sauransu. D. A hanyoyi da yawa, a farkon wannan wani aiki da bincike taimaka da karancin na daraja karafa a wani sosai raya kayayyaki tattalin arziki, kazalika da mamayar da Ottoman Empire Afirka da Asiya Ƙananan da Rum, da sanya shi wuya kasuwanci da duniya na Gabas.

A samu da kuma ci of America hade da sunan H. Columbus, wanda ya gano Antilles da Bahamas, da kuma a 1492 - da kuma Amurka da kanta. Amerigo Vespucci shiga jirgin ruwa zuwa tekun na Brazil a sakamakon expeditions 1499-1501 shekaru.

1497-1499 shekaru - lokacin da Vasco da Gama ya iya samun wani ci gaba da teku hanya zuwa India daga yammacin Turai tare da bakin tekun na Afirka ta Kudu. By 1488 Bartolomeu Dias, da Portuguese navigator, kazalika da dama sauran matafiya sanya Voyages na samu zuwa kudu da kuma gabar yammacin kasar na Afirka. A Portuguese sun kasance a kan Malay Larabawa, da Moluccas da kuma Japan.

A lokacin tsakanin 1498 da 1502 shekaru H. Columbus, A. Ojeda, A. Vespucci kuma sauran Portuguese da kuma Spanish matuƙan bincika arewacin Coast ta Kudu Amurka, ciki har da gabashin (da ƙasa na zamani Brazil) Coast da kuma wani ɓangare na Caribbean Coast na Amurka ta tsakiya.

A lokacin daga 1513 zuwa 1525 da Spaniards (B. Nunez de Balboa) gudanar ya haye Isthmus of Panama da kuma isa tekun Pacific. A 1519-1522 shekaru na Ferdinand Magellan sanya farko tafiya a cikin ƙasã: tafiya a cikin Pacific Ocean, za a kudancin Amurka, kuma ta haka ne tabbatar da cewa, Duniya yana mai siffar zobe siffar. Secondarily, a cikin shekaru 1577-1580, ya yi Frensis Dreyk.

Aztec dũkiyarku da aka cinye ta da yaki da Hernan Cortes a 1519-1521 shekaru, da Incas - Francisco Pizarro a cikin shekaru 1532-1535, da Maya - a cikin shekaru 1517-1697, da sauransu ..

Kasa binciken na Turanci da aka hade da search for arewa maso yammacin nassi a Asia, a sakamakon abin da suka gano tsibirin Newfoundland da Coast na Arewacin Amirka (1497-1498 gg., J. ingancin), Hudson Bay, Greenland et al. (Daga 1576 zuwa 1616 Kuma ita tanã gudãna G. Hudson, Baffin W. et al.). Faransa explorers ƙware da tekun na Canada (Jacques cartier, 1534-1543 gg.), The Great Lakes da Appalachian Mountains (1609-1648 gg., S. Champlain da sauransu.).

Great matafiya na duniya suka fara tafiya ba kawai daga Turai mashigai. Daga cikin explorers sun mai yawa Rasha. Yana Poyarkov V., I. Moskvitin, E. Khabarov, S. Dezhnev da sauransu da suka bincika Siberia da kuma Far East. Daga cikin majagaba na Arctic Barents a kira B., D. Hudson, J .. Davis, William Baffin da sauransu. Dutch Tasman A. kuma B. Yanszon shahara ga su tafiya zuwa Australia, Tasmania da kuma New Zealand. A cikin XVIII karni (1768), da yankin re-yayi nazari da Dzheyms Kuk.

Kasa bude XV - XVII ƙarni, a sakamakon wanda aka bincika da wani gwaji rabo daga bãyan ƙasa, ya taimaka kafa na zamani contours na nahiyoyi, tare da togiya na ɓangare na tekun na Amirka da kuma Australia. Yana bude wani sabon zamanin a cikin Gwargwadon nazari na Duniya, wanda ya haddasa tsanani geopolitical zamantakewa da tattalin arziki sakamakon da ya kasance da muhimmanci ga kara ci gaba da wasu daga cikin kimiyyar yanayin halitta.

A samu na sabon asashe, kasashen, cinikayya hanyoyi da gudummawar da kara raya cinikayya, masana'antu da kuma dangantakar da ke tsakanin jihohi. Wannan ya kai ga farkon samuwar duniya kasuwar da zamanin mulkin mallaka. Yana da aka artificially katse da ci gaban da India wayewar na New World.