Lenin a kan sulke mota: wani abin tunawa ga gurbata da tarihin

Monuments - wannan ba kawai da Masterpieces na sassaka, amma kuma da tarihi daga cikin haruffa. Bãya gare su akwai ko da yaushe wani sananne hali da kuma related al'amari na tarihi. A karin misalin wannan shi ne wani gini "Lenin wani sulke mota." Yana da aka kafa a 1926, a St. Petersburg, a Finland Station. Wannan tarihi abin tunawa daga babban amfani ne da sulke mota. Bayan kewaye da shi har yanzu bugãwa shawara. Wata kungiya daga cikin masana sun ce da aboki shugaban na proletariat taimaka wajen wuce da shi ta hanyar da ƙayayuwa na Bolshevik juyin juya halin. Sauran tunawa kira da gurbata na tarihi. Bari mu bincika a cikin daki-daki cikin batun.

gasar

Ba da da ewa bayan V. I. Lenina mutuwa da aka sanar a gasar ga sculptors na Rasha don ƙirƙirar wani tarihi abin tunawa a matsayin wata alama mai muhimmanci mataki a cikin rayuwar siyasa na kasar. Mafi aikin da aka gane a matsayin samfurin da "Lenin a kan sulke mota." Its marubucin ya fara kawai uku Masters: Vladimir Shuko, Sergei da Vladimir Evseev Gelfreich. Da suka kama shugaba a tagulla tare da umurnin a kan hasumiya hannu gaba da fama abin hawa. A Kabarin "Lenin a kan sulke mota" goma mita a tsawo da aka kafa a wata m rana, 7 ga watan Nuwamba. Amma tun sa'an nan, ya kuma hali na shugaban kiyaye mafi fake da shakku fiye da tarihi muhimmanci.

Wuta, ruwa da kuma jan bututu

An gano cewa alamar da sulke mota Lenin - "Austin". Wannan tsari ne da wani English zane. Inji umurni da a Birtaniya, kuma a Rasha suna kyautata da kuma amfani ga Rasha sojojin a cikin yakin duniya na farko. A sabis sa'an nan da jũna kyawawan m, don haka da soja kungiyar kafa na sa kai. Armoured motocin bude wuta, kawai koro up kusa ga makiya. Manyan bindigogi bawo haka, girmamawa a samun magance abu sauƙi soke makamai. Duk da wannan "myopia", "Austin" inji, duk da haka, sun taimaka wajen yi yawa soja exploits, kuma an samu nasarar yi amfani da mutane su yi kwanto. Kuma sai sulke mota, gefuna da Finland Station a St. Petersburg, musamman bai shiga a cikin fadace-fadace, "iyali itace" shi ne ainihin tabbatarwa.

fasaha halaye

Daga 1917 zuwa 1919, an yi ta da wasu gyare-gyare na sulke da motocin. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, akwai motoci tare da biyu rudders, gaban da kuma mayar da ga baya. Suna sanye take da biyu inji bindigogi daga cikin iri "Maxim" to tare da wani hari. sulke nauyi ya 5.3 tons, da engine ikon cimma 50 HP. A kan hanya, ya ɓullo da wani gudun 50 km / h. The ƙungiya iya saukar da mutane hudu.

labari

Tun lokacin da juyin juya halin, halitta mai yawa camfin game da sulke mota a cikin abin da Lenin zahiri koro ta hanyar juyin juya hali. An sani cewa shugaban na proletariat bayan ƙaura a watan Afrilu 1917 aka yanke shawarar zuwa saduwa da zanga-zanga na Bolshevik sojojin. Matuƙan, sojoji da kayan aikin soji - shi ne su aka fare taron. Amma kamar yadda za a samu wani real yãƙi inji ga Bolsheviks matsala, nazarin zane da aka dauka daga cikin rabo a cikin Mikhailovsky Manege. Game da yadda za Lenin kira wani sulke mota, m bayanai. Idan aka kwatanta da yaki da abokan aiki a cikin kayayyakin bronerote ya kawai gudanar a No. 2.

Daga bisani, akwai iri biyu, ga abin da Lenin sanya a hannunsa da ya hau uwa rufin wani sulke mota, a ce ban kwana, a rousing magana zuwa Bolsheviks na abin da ya faru na wani sabon tarihi mataki a cikin rãyuwar Rasha. Kuma bayan wannan, ya duka guda sulke mota tafi zuwa ga hedkwatar Bolsheviks (Kshesinskaia gidan), yin Tashoshi a hanya domin sake karatun jawabin nasa. Bisa ga direban - wai Vasily Fedorov (zuwa karshen rayuwar sa ba a kafa), Lenin ta sulke mota dauki bangare a cikin storming na Winter Palace. Da bugu da wannan taron ne da lalacewar da gaban dabaran da ɗan jam'iyyar kadet harsasai.

Kamar yadda tarihi shaida jayayya da cewa wani sulke mota Bolshevik shugaban hadu a Petrograd hari da dakarun Janar N. N. Yudenicha a 1919. Amma bayan juyin juya hali, "a babban birnin kasar da makiya" kamar yadda ya kira da sulke mota a cikin abin da Lenin yi magana, kuma halarci a cikin fadace-fadace na Yamburg, Pulkovo da Krasnoe Selo. Duk da haka, a cikin 1922 ya aka mika wa sojojin sansanin soja, inda ya rasa. Kawai shekaru biyar bayan shi ya fara da search for wani sulke mota. Suna da hannu a gidan kayan gargajiya ma'aikata, Tsohon soji da kuma archivists events. Sun tattara mai yawa abu game da abubuwan da suka faru da kuma mashaidi asusun, amma ba su sami kansa wani sulke mota. Kawai a cikin 1939, a wani watsi sito tsaron kungiyar (OSOAVIAHIM) a Sosnovka aka gano inji, zahiri kamã da so sanya shi.

gidan kayan gargajiya yanki

Identification na wani sulke mota shige ta da dalilai da dama: gaban fitilu da aka rasa daga sauran motoci na wannan alama, hasumiyai a kan rufin, shigar da curvature, da kuma biyu rudders, da lalacewa daga harsasai Junker a gaban. A kadan daga baya na bincike masana a karkashin wani Layer na datti da kuma Paint samu sananne yawan 2. Tare, wadannan alamu da kuma zama tushen tabbatar da asali da sulke mota. Duk da haka, jarrabawa na yarjejeniya bai kai duk hanyar da ba rana.

Bayan na maido da samu ado Museum of juyin juya halin Musulunci (a cikin iyali gidan Kshesinskaia). Yana daga baya aka mayar da su cikin Lenin Museum (Marmara Palace). A karshen karni na 20th tarihi tafiya ya ƙare, kuma da lãbãri daga cikin Soja Museum of manyan bindigogi da aikin injiniya da dakarun St. Petersburg tarar da almara Lenin ta sulke mota inda aka located a yau.

unexpurgated

Duk da haka, masana tarihi da dalilin yi imani da cewa da yawa daga cikin bayanin irin juyin juya halin Musulunci lokacin da aka shimfiɗa?, Shi share a kan ko yanke gaba ɗaya a Rasha. Alal misali, da cewa wasanni na Lenin a kan sulke mota alama daban-daban. Dawo daga zaman talala, a cikin babban birnin kasar, Lenin da fuskantar da tashar jirgin kasa da fushi taron tare da Banners kuma ƙungiyar makaɗa. Duk da haka, ba ta sadu da, mai yiwuwa, abõkan tarayya na shugaban ya yanke shawarar yin amfani da damar a lokacin kifar da Rasha statehood. Lenin ta sulke mota ne da gaske ba a cikin wannan labarin, amma inda aka dauka da kuma abin da sunan huda, ba shi yiwuwa don a san yau.

Shakka ne da shaidar da direba, da kuma Fedorov, wanda tsohon Bolsheviks da aka zargi da sojan gona. Haka kuma, ya kamata ma asusunku classified a matsayin almarar. Shakka karfafa da kuma yaki da take bronevoditelya cewa fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa bayan shugaba ta mutuwa.

Kwararru aka tsaya da kananan amma gagarumin al'amari sami wani sulke mota a Sosnovka. An m daidai da abin da samar da shi nasa da Putilov Works da kuma shekara - shekara ta 1919. Saboda haka, Lenin ba zai iya aiki a kan shi a lokacin bayyanuwar juyin juya halin da aka haka aka bayyana a cikin daki-daki ta Bolsheviks.

mu ne shugaban

A yawa na shawara da shakka, kuma shi ne Lenin a kan sulke mota. Akwai shaidunku, waɗanda suke da'awar cewa shugaban zahiri furta shi. Alal misali, 'yar jarida, a columnist ga juyin juya halin Musulunci motsi Konstantin Eremeev ikirarin cewa shugaban na Bolsheviks amsa tare da siyasa declamations, amma sai aka ba rubuta ba, da kuma kalmomi na jawabin nasa, ya ba zai iya haifa. Zai yiwu wannan rashin fahimta za su iya bayyana a daban-daban version of events. Lenin gudanar (za'ayi) zuwa cikin shirye sulke mota, rufin wanda ya kira 'yan katse phrases. Mafi shahara daga cikin waɗannan ne motsin rai: "Ranka ya daɗe, na gurguzu juyin juya halin" a 1926 shi shi an amfani da pedestal na tunawa "Lenin a kan sulke mota" (Finland Station). The sosai guda almara magana daga baya suna da "sananne".

A filmstrip

A shekara ta 1927 ya aka yi shiru film "Oktoba", wanda a nuna abubuwan da suka faru na Oktoba juyin juya halin. Cikin fim, tare da hotuna na "yajin" da "jirgin ruwa na soja Potemkin" ya mai tarihi trilogy. A harbi darektan Eisenstein amfani da gidan kayan gargajiya nuna - wani sulke mota 2.

A fim da aka samu da masu sauraro a matsayin wani shirin. Kuma babu daya dissuade su ba tare da kokarin. Abin mamaki, cewa Lenin kansa ya dauki mafi muhimmanci wajen farfaganda cinema. Kwaikwayo na tarihi gaskiya tana da riba ga gwamnatin ga riƙe iko. Bugu da ƙari, cikin fim da aka nuna a Amurka. Akwai, sai aka kira "kwanaki goma da ya girgiza duniya." Wannan gaskiyar ya maye gurbin faifai na fim.

bayani

Sa da yawa daga abin kunya bambamcin mashaidi asusun na wadannan al'amura. Wasu daga cikin su suna da'awar cewa babu sulke mota da aka ba, da kuma "sanannen" jawabin shugaban proletariat a duk karanta daga footboard na jirgin kasa. Kuma a sa'an nan na tafi zuwa ga hedkwatar Bolsheviks kuma karanta "Afrilu theses", wanda, ba zato ba tsammani, aka ba su yarda da abokan aikinsa.

Found sabani a bayyanar shugaba tare da wani abin tunawa "Lenin a kan sulke mota." Photos of lokacin show cewa a watan Afrilu 1917 da yake har yanzu ba tare da wani gemu da kuma gashin baki. A Kabarin kuma nuna saba "gargajiya" irin shugaba.

A kan gurbata da tarihi na tsawon nuna da kuma sauran bayanai. Alal misali, a yau, kusan a cikakken yanayin da abun da ke ciki zo dukan ayyukan da iyali scraps shugaban. Wannan shi ne quite mamaki a cikin ra'ayi na firgita sau wahalhalunsa da hijirarsa. A irin wannan kallo ba zai iya kasa da su zuba jari a cikin taskar janar murdiya na neman sauyi events a Rasha.

wayewar

Duk da irin wannan tabbatacce fallasa hoaxes na Soviet lokaci, zamani ikon har yanzu a hankali tserar da alamu na juyin juya halin. Yana karfi da hana daga halakar akida, gumaka ne, yarda da zamba. Kuma ko da yake fiye da sau daya tada fitowar na saki na Red Square daga Bolshevik makabartun da mummies daga cikin manyan, babu mataki shi ba.

Amma Rasha ta 'yan ƙasa a kan wannan batu sami ya ra'ayi. 1 ga watan Afrilu, 2009 wani mutum-mutumi na Lenin a kan sulke mota da aka nike tashi a St. Petersburg. Amma shi da wani tasiri a kan halin da ake ciki na ba-yarda da hakikar da na baya. By domin na hukumomi goma-manyan aka mayar da sake hoisted a kan wani pedestal.

Masana tarihi yi imani da cewa irin wannan wani mataki da aka m ba sosai da janar mãkirci inconsistencies da tarihin asali a matsayin m kima na Lenin ta hali. Kuma, ma, su ne dalilan da wannan. A dace kalmomi na tarihi, ya aka gangan "mummified". A jaruntakar image, cike da azama da kuma high akida, yanzu ba ya shige da facts na kisan kare-dangi da kuma garkuwa da-shan, wanda aka sanya a karkashin jagorancin Bolshevik shugaban. Ya tafi daga juyin juya halin Musulunci lokaci, masana bayyanãwa sabon tarnaƙi, kuma sasanninta. Watakila wannan ne ya sa babban tambaya da irin rawa da Lenin a cikin rãyuwar Rasha, shi ne har yanzu a bude.

PS

Yanzu ba shi yiwuwa a ce domin tabbatar ko alama ce da juyin juya halin, "Lenin a kan sulke mota," wani abin tunawa ga gurbata tarihi. An yawa da aka yi, an ce, kuma aka rubuta da Bolsheviks domin ganin na sirri a raga. Lokaci ya wuce, kuma m shaidu sun tafi tare da shi. Amma gaskiyar cewa a kusa da tunawa da hali na V. I. Lenina akwai shakku da inconsistencies, shi ne gaskiya. Juyin juya halin shi ne a baya da kuma yanzu shi ne tsara rubutu da wani sabon tarihi. Babban abu da cewa shi ne gaskiya, amma ba a jaruntakar labari.